What is rubrics?

 A rubric is a scoring guide with criteria for evaluating students’ work in direct relation to
one or more of the program’s learning outcomes and a rating scale indicating differing
levels of performance
 Set of clear expectation use to help teachers and pupils focus on what is valued in a
subject, topic or activity.
 A rubric is describes on what is to be learned rather than on how to teach.
Components of rubrics:
1. Criteria- listed in a left-side column and at least 2 criteria, example of criteria
(attractiveness & organization, content & accuracy)
2. Levels of performance – listed in a right-side of a column and at least two level of
performance, example (excellent, very satisfactory, satisfactory)

Levels of performance

Criteria

Types of rubrics Description

2 types of rubrics

 Analytical rubrics
 Holistic rubrics
Analytical rubrics
What is analytical rubrics?

 Analytical rubrics are designed to assess student’s work based on specified criteria and
different degrees of quality of the assignment. Used to assess different types of skills
based on the student's level of mastery.
  Describes levels of performance for each criterion to assess students’ performance on
each of them.
 Two-dimensional rubrics with levels of achievement as columns and assessment criteria
as rows. Allows you to assess participants' achievements based on multiple criteria using
a single rubric. You can assign different weights (value) to different criteria and include
an overall achievement by totaling the criteria;
 An analytic rubric separates the characteristics of an assignment into parts, allowing the
instructor to categorize and define exactly what each level of achievement looks like
There are 3 main component of analytic rubrics

 Dimensions/categories with descriptions, if needed

 Scale (usually 3-5 levels in a rubric scale)
 Task descriptions based on scale
Different examples of analytical rubrics.
Advantages of analytical rubrics

 Allows learners to plan their assessment according to the descriptors in the rubric
 Gives learners a clear picture of why they achieved the grade they received
 Allows instructor to grade more fairly; free of judgments
 Each set of criteria is evaluated separately providing students with formative feedback on
each criterion, like where their strengths and weaknesses are

Disadvantages of analytic rubrics:

 Creation of quality analytic rubrics takes a lot of time upfront

 Use of vague descriptions or inconsistent descriptions renders a rubric useless for grading
and feedback
 Can place more emphasis on the technical aspects of an assignment and thus miss deeper
levels of cognition and creativity

What is holistic rubric?

A holistic rubric assign a level of performance across multiple criteria as a whole indicated by
one score.
a holistic rubric is the most general kind. It lists three to five levels of performance, along that
define each level. The level can be labeled with a number (such as 1 to 4, letters (such as a to f),
or words (such as beginning to exemplary).

Performance description are written in a paragraphs and usually in full sentences.

Example holistic rubrics in writing:
Strong performa Writing has a clear focus and engages reader in the opening lines. 
nce 
Information is pertinent and accurate. Transitions helps the reader move smoothly 
 
Or grammar are minor or infrequent and do not interfere with communication.

Satisfactory perf Writing has a clear opening statement and logical sequence of ideas.
ormance
 Information is accurate. Errors in grammar or spelling are minimal and do not interfere with
 
Communication.

Needs improvem Writing includes a purpose for reading in opening paragraph. 
ent
The information accurate. Supporting ideas follow the opening paragraph but may
 
 Not be logically ordered. Grammar and/or spelling errors may at times distract from messag

Suppose you're unusually demanding person, you want your loved ones to know what you expect
if they should ever make you breakfast in bed. So you give them this holistic rubric.

 
Breakfast in bed: holistic rubric
            score                                  description 

4  All food is perfectly cooked, presentation surpasses expectations and recipient 
Is kept exceptionally comfortable throughout the meal.

3  Food is cooked correctly , the meal is presented in a clean and well-organized
 manner, and the recipient is kept comfortable throughout the meal.

2  Same food is cooked poorly ,same aspects of presentation are sloppy or unclear 
,or the recipient is uncomfortable at times.

1  Most of the food is cooked poorly, the presentation is sloppy or unclear, 
And the recipient is uncomfortable most of the time.

When to use holistic rubric?

Holistic rubrics are best to use when there is no single correct answer or response and the focus
is on overall quality, proficiency, or understanding of a specific content or skills.

What is the difference between analytic and holistic rubric?

Analytic rubrics identify the assess components of a finished product while holistic rubrics
assess the student work as a whole.

What are the advantage and dis advantage of holistic rubric?

Advantages
Quick-scoring/time saving.
Good for summative assessment as they give an overall judgment of performance.
Emphasis on what the learners is able to demonstrate, rather than what he/she cannot do.
They are often written generically and can be used with many tasks.
Trained rater tend to apply them consistently, resulting in more reliable measurement.

Disadvantage
Does not provide detailed information, may be difficult to provide one overall score.
Do not provide specific feedback about strengths or areas to improve.
Not useful for formative assessment because they lack specific details.
When student work is at varying levels can difficult to select the single best description.
Criteria cannot be weighted.
 
Summary
holistic rubric contain broad description and list evaluation scores, each with an overall
criteria summary that encompasses multiple skills. These are quicker to develop and learn,
quicker to score, and quicker to find agreement among various evaluators than analytical rubrics.
Because they produce a single score, they are most effective when the elements being
assessed are closely related. However, they do not give as much feedback to student, and they
are more difficult to use as a learning tool than analytical rubrics.

Why use rubrics?

Andrade (1999) identified the values behind the use of rubrics in teaching and assessing of
students learning.
First, instructional rubrics are easy to use and explain. Rubrics make sense to people at a
glance; they’re concise and digestible.
Second, instructional rubrics make teachers expectations very clear. Traditionally,
teachers have kept their criteria and standards to themselves. Teachers often expect students to
just know what makes a good essay, a good drawing, or a good science project, so they don’t
articulate their standards for students.
Third, instructional rubrics provide students with more informative feedback about their
strengths and areas in need of improvement than traditional forms of assessment do.
Fourth, instructional rubrics supports learning. The foregoing is attested by the research
conducted by Andrade a few years ago on the effects of rubrics and self-assessment on learning
and metacognition - the act of monitoring and regulating one's own thinking (goodrich, 1996).
Fifth, instructional rubrics supports the development of skills. Another study (andrade,
1999) look at the effects of instructional rubrics on 8th graders writing skills.
Sixth, instructional rubrics support the development of understanding. This is because
they come to internalize the qualifications and standards to be complied with should they aspire
for good grades.
 Seventh, instructional rubrics are useful in that they help students to become more
thoughtful judges of the quality of their own and others work.
Eight, instructional rubrics reduce the amount of time teachers spend evaluating student
work.

Finally, with the use of rubrics in the classroom, students can be aided in articulating
what they had learned and by the end of the year be expected to be very accurate in assessing
their own performance and that of their classmates.

Advantages of using rubrics

• For instructors:
1.) Rubrics can reduce time is spent reading by allowing instructors to refer to a substantive
descriptive without writing long comments

2.) Rubrics can help instructors more clearly identify strengths and weaknesses across an entire
class and adjust their instruction appropriately

3.) Rubrics can be impartial

 Scoring can be prescribed by the rubric and not the instructors predispositions towards
students

4.) Rubrics allow consistent assessment

•reproducible scoring by a single individual is enhanced
•reproducible scoring by multi individuals can be enhanced with training

 Greater precision and reliability among scores assessments

5.) Rubrics can be reduced to uncertainty which can accompany grading, thus discouraging
compliant about grades
6.) Most assessments do not have an answer key

 Rubrics can provide the key

7.) Rubrics allow instructors to organize and clarity their thoughts

8.) Rubrics can help instructors to teach
•they can provide a scaffold with which the students can learn

• For students:

1.) They allow for better peer feedback on student graded work
2.) Rubrics document and communicate reading procedures

 Students can compare their assignment or performance to the rubric to see why they
receive there grade
3.) Students can use rubrics as a guide to completing an assignments. They help students with the
learning process and the can increase the quality of students work
4.) Clearly show the student how they work will be evaluated and what is expected
5.) Help students judge and revise their own before handing in their assignments

Disadvantages of using rubrics

For instructor:
Development of rubrics can be complex and time consuming.
Rubrics may not fully convey all information instructor wants students to know.
Some difficulty in determining scoring criteria.
Not useful for summative assessment because they luck specific details.

For learners:
Provide limited information.
They may limit imagination if students feel compelled to complete the assignment strictly as
outlined in the rubrics.
Does not communicate what to improve.

What is an instructional rubric?

  An instructional rubric is usually a one–or two–page document that describes varying
levels of quality, from excellent to poor, for a specific assignment.
 It is usually used with a relatively complex assignment, such as a long-term project, an
essay, or a research paper.

Why use instructional rubrics?

 To assess student work, parents appreciate them when helping their children with
homework, and students often request them when given a new assignment.
 Instructional rubrics make teachers' expectations very clear. Traditionally, educators have
kept their criteria and standards to themselves.
 Instructional rubrics provide students with more informative feedback about their
strengths and areas in need of improvement than traditional forms of assessment do.
 Instructional rubrics support the development of skills.
 Instructional rubrics support the development of understanding.
 Instructional rubrics support good thinking.
 Instructional rubrics support learning.

How do you make an instructional rubric?

 Look at models. Review examples of good and poor work on a project like the one your
students are about to undertake.
 List criteria. Tell students that you're going to ask them to do a similar project and you
want to think together about how you should assess it. . Students will draw on the list
generated during the discussion of the models. Track their ideas under the heading
"criteria" or "what counts." when they appear to run out of ideas, ask them to think about
less obvious criteria. If they haven't listed criteria that you think are important, such as
thinking-centered criteria, add them yourself, and explain why they're important.
 Take time to combine criteria. Avoid creating categories that are too big, and don't bury
criteria that you want to emphasize. For example, if you are assigning a written essay and
teaching students about paragraph format, you may want to state proper formatting as a
separate criterion.
 Create a draft rubric. After class, draft a rubric that includes the list of criteria that you
generated with your class and expands on the levels of quality.
 Revise the draft. After revision, the rubric is ready to use.
Book talk

Sample #4: book talk rubric

Criteria Excellent poor Very poor

Did I get my Creative beginning Boring beginning No beginning
audience’s attention?
Did I tell what kind Tells exactly what Not sure, not clear Didn’t mention it.
of book? type of book it is

Sample #4: book talk rubric

Did i tell something Tells exactly what Not sure, not clear Didn't mention it
 about the main type of book it is
character?
Did i mention the Made it sound Not sure, not clear Didn't mention
setting? interesting setting
-- i want to buy it!
Did i tell one Tells when and where Told part and skipped Forgot to do it
interesting part? story takes place on to something else
Did i tell who might Did tell Skipped over it Forgot to tell
like this book?

Sample #4: book talk rubric

How did i look? Hair combed, neat, Lazy look Just-got-out-of-bed

clean clothes, smiled, look, head down
look up, happy.
How did i sound? Clear, strong, No expression in Difficult to
cheerful voice voice understand
-6 inch voice or
screeching
A rubric for assessing a student's multimedia project
Three components

1. Criteria- it is the standard or set of rules, with referring to the other things taken in
considering while doing an evaluation.
2. Levels of performance- the degree to which a student is expected to meet a given
criterion (e.g., exceeded expectations, met expectations, did not meet expectations)
3. Descriptors- specific explanation linked to each criteria and level of performance.
Sample rubric
Benefit

 Help students understand your expectations.

 Help students self-improve.
 Inspire better student performance.
 Make scoring easier and faster.
 Make scoring more accurate, unbiased, and consistent.
 Improve feedback to students.
 Reduce arguments with students.

What to do after creating a rubric?

 Test your rubric on students work.
 Use your rubric to give constructive feedback to students.
 Use your rubric to clarify your assignments ant to improve your teaching.