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WORKSHOP3

The document reports on an experiment to determine the resistivity of different materials. Samples of copper, aluminum, nichrome, and stranded and unstranded copper wire were tested. Their resistances were measured at regular length intervals using a milli-ohmmeter. The resistivity values were calculated from the resistance, length, and cross-sectional area measurements. Graphs of resistance versus length showed a direct proportional relationship as expected. Sources of error and recommendations for improving future experiments are also discussed.

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Sceva Aquila
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18 views

WORKSHOP3

The document reports on an experiment to determine the resistivity of different materials. Samples of copper, aluminum, nichrome, and stranded and unstranded copper wire were tested. Their resistances were measured at regular length intervals using a milli-ohmmeter. The resistivity values were calculated from the resistance, length, and cross-sectional area measurements. Graphs of resistance versus length showed a direct proportional relationship as expected. Sources of error and recommendations for improving future experiments are also discussed.

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Sceva Aquila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TITLE

INSTITUTION: DEDAN KIMATHI UNIVERSITY


DEPARTMENT: B.S.C ELECTRICAL
NAME AQUILASCEVAE021-01-1237/2022
YEAR 2.1
UNIT NAME WORKSHOP PRACTISE II
UNIT CODE EEE2103
TASK RESISTIVITY
LECTURER’SNAME DR.MBUTHIAELIUS
EXPERIEMENT DATE 15/06/2022
SUBMISSION DATE 22/06/2022
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To determine the resistivity of different materials .Multiple tools,
including the coefficient of anisotropy and induced polarization, can
be used in this endevor.

THEORY
Resistivity is a property that describes the extent to which a
material opposes the flow of electric current through it. It is a
property of the material itself (not the size or shape of the
sample), usually depends on temperature and may depend on
other quantities such as pressure. Resistivity, commonly
symbolized by the Greek letter rho, ρ, is quantitatively equal to
the resistance R of a specimen such as a wire, multiplied by its
cross-sectional area A, and divided by its length l; ρ = RA/l. The
unit of resistance is the ohm.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
 Pliers
 File
 Nichrome wire
 Aluminum wire
 Copper wire
 Milli-ohmmeter
 Steel rule
PROCEDURE
 Strip the stranded wire
 File the aluminum wire
 Mark the intervals i.e every 0.1m
 Measure their resistances using the milli-
ohmmeter
DATA ANALYSIS:COPPER(UNSTRANDED)
Metre D(m) A( m2) R(Ω) Slope Resistivity * 10 (-8)

* 10(-3) * 10(-6) * 10(-3)


0.1 1.42 1.584 8.3 0.029 4.5936
0.2 1.42 1.584 8.4 0.029 4.5936
0.3 1.42 1.584 8.8 0.029 4.5936
0.4 1.42 1.584 8.8 0.029 4.5936
0.5 1.42 1.584 8.9 0.029 4.5936
0.6 1.42 1.584 9.2 0.029 4.5936
0.7 1.42 1.584 9.3 0.029 4.5936

Metre D(m) A( m2) R(Ω) Slope Resistivity


* 10(-3) * 10(-6) * 10(-3) * 10(-2) * 10(-8)
0.1 3.98 12.44 7.1 2.0 2.488
0.2 3.98 12.44 7.5 2.0 2.488
0.3 3.98 12.44 7.6 2.0 2.488
0.4 3.98 12.44 7.9 2.0 2.488
0.5 3.98 12.44 8.0 2.0 2.488
0.6 3.98 12.44 8.2 2.0 2.488
0.7 3.98 12.44 8.4 2.O 2.488

DATA ANALYSIS: ALUMINIUM

DATA ANALYSIS:NICHROME
Metr D(m) * 10(- A( m2) R(Ω) Slope Resistivity
e
7)
* 10(-7) * 10(-2) * 10(-3) * 10(-8)

0.1 0.46 1.662 1.03 1.0 1.662


0.2 0.46 1.662 1.04 1.0 1.662
0.3 0.46 1.662 1.04 1.0 1.662
0.4 0.46 1.662 1.05 1.0 1.662
0.5 0.46 1.662 1.06 1.0 1.662
0.6 0.46 1.662 1.08 1.0 1.662
0.7 0.46 1.662 1.10 1.0 1.662
DATA ANALYSIS:COPPER(STRANDED)
Metr D(m) * 10(- A( m2) R(Ω) Slope Resistivity
e
3)
* 10(-6) * 10(-3) * 10(-7)

0.1 1.94 2.956 9.8 0.098 2.896


0.2 1.94 2.956 9.9 0.098 2.896
0.3 1.94 2.956 1.0 0.098 2.896
0.4 1.94 2.956 1.04 0.098 2.896
0.5 1.94 2.956 1.08 0.098 2.896
0.6 1.94 2.956 1.1 0.098 2.896
0.7 1.94 2.956 1.12 0.098 2.896

Graph of aluminum

Y-Values
7
6
5
4
length

3
2
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
resistance
Graph of nichrome

y-values
0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
7 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 8 8.2 8.4 8.6

Sources of error
 Change in environmental temperature
 Gross errors
 Poor method of removing insulation which lead to
cutting of strands
 Faulty milli-ohmmeter

Conclusion
In conclusion, the resistivity of the different wires were found to be
as stated in the data and it can be stated that as the length of the
different wires increases, the resistance of the wires also
increases, thus the resistance is directly proportional to the length
of the wire.
Recommendations
 There is a considerable amount of
literature on the electrical resistivity of
iron at Earth’s core conditions, while only
few studies have considered iron and iron-
alloys at other planetary core conditions.
 Much of the total work has been
carried out in the past decade and a review
to collect data is timely. High pressures
and temperatures can be achieved with
direct measurements using a diamond-
anvil cell, a multi-anvil press or shock
compression methods.
 The results of direct
measurements can be used in combination
with first-principle calculations to
extrapolate from laboratory temperature
and pressure to the relevant planetary
conditions.
 This review points out some discrepancies
in the electrical resistivity values between
theoretical and experimental studies,
while highlighting the negligible
differences arising from the selection of
pressure and temperature values at
planetary core conditions.
REFERENCES
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/
feart.2021.732289/full
https://www.britannica.com/science/resistivity
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
S0950061800000611
https://openpress.usask.ca/physics155/chapter/5-3-resistivity-
and-resistance/

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