Multi Vibrator

Experiment No: 9
555 Timer
Aim: To study about 555 Timer IC
THEORY :
555 timer is an analog IC used for generating accurate time delay or oscillation. This will
provide a delay ranging from microseconds to hours. Maximum operating frequency is in
excess of 500KHz.Output is TTL compatible.The 555 timer can be used with a supply voltage
of +5V to +18 V and can drive upto 200mA.
Functional diagram Explanation:

A series connection of three resistors inside the IC sets the reference voltage levels to the two
comparators at 2/3 VCC and 1 /3 VCC , the output of these comparators setting or resetting the
flipflop unit. The output of the flip-flop circuit is then brought out through an output buffer
stage. In the stable state the 𝑄ത output of the flip-flop is high (ie Q low). This makes the
output (pin 3) low because of the buffer which basically is an inverter.The flip-flop circuit also
operates a transistor inside the IC, the transistor collector usually being driven low to discharge
a timing capacitor connected at pin 7.
Description of Pin diagram:
Pin 1: (Ground): Supply ground is connected to this pin.
Pin 2: (Trigger): This pin is used to give the trigger input in monostable multivibrator. When
trigger of amplitude greater than (1/3)Vcc is applied to this terminal circuit switches to
quasi-stable state.
Pin 3: (Output)
Pin 4: (Reset): This pin is used to reset the output irrespective of input. A logic low at this pin
will reset output.Usually this pin will be connected to Vcc
Pin 5 :(Control): Voltage applied to this terminal will control the instant at which the
comparator switches, hence the pulse width of the output. When this pin is not used it
is bypassed to ground using a 0.01μF capacitor
Pin 6: (Threshold): If the voltage applied to threshold terminal is greater than (2/3)VCC, upper
comparator switches to +Vsat and flip-flop gets reset.
Pin 7: (Discharge): When the output is low, the external capacitor is discharged through this
pin
Pin 8 : (VCC) The power supply pin.
555 Timer IC Pin diagram
555 IC functional diagram:

9A: Astable multivibrator using 555 timer IC
Aim: To design and set up astable multivibrator of 1000 Hz frequency and 60% duty cycle
using IC 555
Components and Equipment Required : 555 timer IC, Resistor(……),
Capacitor(……),DSO, connecting wires
Theory:
One popular application of the 555 timer IC is as an astable multivibrator or clock Circuit.
Figure 3 shows an astable circuit built using 2 external resistors and a capacitor to set the timing
interval of the output signal. Capacitor C charges toward VCC through external resistors RA
and RB. Referring to figure, the capacitor voltage rises until it goes above 2 3 VCC . This
voltage is the threshold voltage at pin 6, which drives comparator 1 to trigger the flipflop(𝑄
low 𝑄ത high) so that the output at pin 3 goes low. In addition, the discharge transistor is driven
on, causing the output at pin 7 to discharge the capacitor through resistor RB. The capacitor
voltage then decreases until it drops below the trigger level 1 3 VCC . The flipflop is triggered
so that the output goes back high and the discharge transistor is turned off, so that the capacitor
can again charge through resistors RA and RB towards VCC.
The time for charging C from 1/3 to 2/3 Vcc, i.e, ON Time = 0.693 (RA + RB). C
The time for discharging C from 2/3 to 1/3 Vcc, i.e. OFF Time = 0.693 RB. C
Circuit Diagram:
Design:
Take 𝑉cc = 10𝑉 and f = 1000 Hz and duty cycle = 60 % Then t = 1 ms, tH = 0.6 ms, tL = 0.4
ms
Procedure:
1. Set up the circuit after verifying the condition of IC
2. Observe the waveforms at pin number 3 and 6 of the IC
Waveforms:
Result:
Astable multivibrator using timer IC 555 is designed and setup, and the waveforms are
obtained.
9B: Monostable multivibrator using 555 timer IC
Aim: To design and set up monostable multivibrator of 1000 Hz frequency using 555 timer
IC
Components and Equipment requited: : 555 timer IC, Resistor(……),
Capacitor(……),DSO, connecting wires
Theory: A monostable multivibrator (MMV) often called a one-shot multivibrator, is a pulse
generator circuit in which the duration of the pulse is determined by the R-C network,connected
externally to the 555 timer. In such a vibrator, one state of output is stable while the other is
quasi-stable (unstable). For auto-triggering of output from quasi-stable state to stable state
energy is stored by an externally connected capacitor C to a reference level. The time taken in
storage determines the pulse width. The transition of output from stable state to quasi-stable
state is accomplished by external triggering.
Pin 1 is grounded. Trigger input is applied to pin 2. In quiescent condition of output this input
is kept at + VCC. To obtain transition of output from stable state to quasi-stable state, a
negative-going pulse of narrow width (a width smaller than expected pulse width of output
waveform) and amplitude of greater than + 2/3 VCC is applied to pin 2. Output is taken from
pin 3. Pin 4 is usually connected to + VCC to avoid accidental reset. Pin 5 is grounded through
a 0.01 u F capacitor to avoid noise problem. Pin 6 (threshold) is shorted to pin 7. A resistor RA
is connected between pins 6 and 8. At pins 7 a discharge capacitor is connected while pin 8 is
connected to supply VCC.
Circuit Diagram:
Design:
Procedure:
1. Set up the circuit after verifying the condition of IC
2. Use positive pulses of amplitude Vcc and frequency 300Hzas the trigger.
3. Observe the waveforms at pin number 3 and 6 of the IC
Waveforms:
Result:
Monostable multivibrator using timer IC 555 is designed and setup, and the waveforms are
obtained.

Multi Vibrator

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Experiment No: 9

Functional diagram Explanation:

555 IC functional diagram:

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