Newton Third Law of Motion

Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
States that: For every ACTION there is an EQUAL and opposite REACTION
In other words FORCES EXIST IN PAIRS (ACTION / REACTION PAIRS)
You Push an Object it Pushes you back
You Pull an Object it Pulls you back
𝑭𝑨𝒐𝒏𝑩 = −𝑭𝑩𝒐𝒏𝑨 (Forces are equal BUT Opposite and act on different objects)
These are not ‘The Balanced’ forces because they are acting on different objects
Action/Reaction Pairs are of the same type i.e.
 Contact forces pair up with other Contact Forces

 Non-Contact forces pair up with another Non-Contact Force of the same kind i.e. Gravitational with
Gravitational etc.
Using Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion
Direct Interactions (Physical Contact) give rise to Contact Forces
Non-Direct Interactions (no contact) give rise to Non-Contact Forces
Steps:
1. What is the object interacting with?
a. By Contact and
b. Non-Contact
1. Each Interactions gives rise to an Action Reaction Pair.
2. Determine the Action Reaction Pairs for each Interaction.
3. Only consider forces acting ON the object NOT by the object to draw a Free Body Diagram.
Identifying Action Reaction Pairs Rule
Action: Object A exerts a force on Object B Reaction: Object B exerts a force on Object A
Activity
1. Newton’s 3rd Law states…
a. Objects in motion stay in motion and objects at rest stay at rest
b. Force is equal to mass times acceleration
c. For each action there is an equal and opposite reaction
2. Whenever an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude,
but in the opposite direction to that of the first object.
a. Always true
b. Sometimes true
c. Always false
3. A high school student hits a nail with a hammer. During the collision, there is a force
a. on the hammer but not on the nail.
b. on the nail but not on the hammer.
c. on the nail and also on the hammer.
4. A woman weighing 500 N sits on the floor. She exerts a force on the floor of
a. 1000 N.
b. 500 N.
c. 250 N.
d. 50 N.
5. As a 500 N woman sits on the floor, the floor exerts a force pn her of
a. 1000 N.
b. 500 N.
c. 250 N.
d. 50 N.
6. Forces always occur
a. by themselves.
b. as single quantities.
c. in pairs.
d. in triplets.
7. An archer shoots an arrow. The action force is the bowstring against the arrow, The reaction force is…
a. Air resistance against the bow
b. Arrow’s push against the bowstring
c. Grip of the archer’s hand on the bow
8. A player catches a ball. The action force is the impact of the ball against the player’s glove. The
reaction force is…
a. The force the glove exerts on the ball
b. The player’s grip on the glove
c. The friction of the ground on the player’s shoes

9. A player hits a ball with a bat. The action force is the impact of the bat against the ball. The reaction
force is…
a. The grip of the player’s hands on the ball
b. The air resistance on the ball
c. The force of the ball against the bat
10. A baseball player bats a ball with a force of 1,000 N. The ball exerts a reaction force against the bat
of…
a. Less than 1,000 N
b. More than 1,000 N
c. 1,000 N
11. A person is attracted toward the centre of the Earth by a 500 N gravitational force. The force that the
Earth is attracted toward the person is…
a. 500 N
b. Much less than 500 N
c. Much more than 500 N
12. The forces involved in Newton’s third law act ____

a) On the same object
b) On different objects
c) In same direction
d) On five bodies
14. Two bodies in contact experience forces in ________

a) Same direction
b) Opposite directions
c) Perpendicular directions
d) Five different directions
15. A batsman hits a ball with a force a 5 N. What force does the bat experience?
a) 5 N
b) 10 N
c) 15 N
d) 20 N
16. A man and a kid accidentally hit each other. What is true about the forces experienced by them?
a) They are equal in magnitude
b) They are different in magnitude
c) They are same in direction
d) They are at an angle of 1.57 rad
17. A truck with a mass of 2500 Kg travelling with an acceleration of 5 m/s 2 hits a scooter. What force does the truck
experience?
a) 12500 N
b) 500 N
c) 10000 N
d) 2500 N

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Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

In other words FORCES EXIST IN PAIRS (ACTION / REACTION PAIRS)

You Push an Object it Pushes you back

You Pull an Object it Pulls you back

Action/Reaction Pairs are of the same type i.e.

 Contact forces pair up with other Contact Forces

Using Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion

Direct Interactions (Physical Contact) give rise to Contact Forces

Non-Direct Interactions (no contact) give rise to Non-Contact Forces

1. What is the object interacting with?

1. Each Interactions gives rise to an Action Reaction Pair.

2. Determine the Action Reaction Pairs for each Interaction.

Identifying Action Reaction Pairs Rule

1. Newton’s 3rd Law states…

a. Objects in motion stay in motion and objects at rest stay at rest

b. Force is equal to mass times acceleration

c. For each action there is an equal and opposite reaction

a. on the hammer but not on the nail.

b. on the nail but not on the hammer.

c. on the nail and also on the hammer.

6. Forces always occur

a. Air resistance against the bow

b. Arrow’s push against the bowstring

c. Grip of the archer’s hand on the bow

reaction force is…

a. The force the glove exerts on the ball

b. The player’s grip on the glove

c. The friction of the ground on the player’s shoes

a. The grip of the player’s hands on the ball

b. The air resistance on the ball

c. The force of the ball against the bat

a. Less than 1,000 N

b. More than 1,000 N

Earth is attracted toward the person is…

b. Much less than 500 N

c. Much more than 500 N

12. The forces involved in Newton’s third law act ____

14. Two bodies in contact experience forces in ________

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