All lecture of practical

OSPE file
Red: questions.
Dark red: very important.
Black: complete answers.
Gray: notes|extra.

Editing File
➢You should know before the exam:
• The diagrams in these slides are going to be the same
in the exam however, it may not be coloured.
• You have to mention the full name always and don’t
use shortcuts you could lose marks because of that.
• The Arrows in the diagrams are very important .
• So please study them well.

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

CELL STRUCTURE

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Nucleus

Q1- Identify the structure?

Nucleus
Nuclear
Q2- Location of:
• Heterochromatin (dark and inactive)
envelop
• Euchromatin (pale and active)
Heterochromatin
• Nuclear pore (openings in the nuclear envelope)
Nucleolus
• Nuclear envelope (lining the nucleus)
• Nucleolus (the biggest dark region in the nucleus)

Q3- What is the function of nucleolus? Euchromatin

Formation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is responsible for
protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Q4- What is the function of nucleus? Nuclear pore

• It is the site of formation of the three types of RNA
• It is essential for the vitality and division of the cell
• It is the site of storage of genetic information

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Cell membranes (trilaminar appearance)

Q1- Identify the structure?

Cell membrane

Q2- What is the function of it?

Selective barrier

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Mitochondria

Q1- Identify the structure?

Mitochondria

Q2- What are Characteristics of it?

• Rod-shaped
• It has 2 membranes

Q3- What is the function of it?

1) Generation of ATP “the are called the power house”
2) The can form their own proteins and undergo self replication,
because they have their own DNA

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Golgi Apparatus

Q1- Identify the structure?

Golgi apparatus

Q2- What is the function of it?

1. Sorting, modification & packaging of proteins
2. Secretory vesicles formation

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Q1- Identify the structure?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Q2- What are Characteristics of it?

Membranous tubules and vesicles, with no ribosomes of the
surface

Q3- What is the function of it?

1) Synthesis of lipids & cholesterol
2) Detoxification from drugs and toxins

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Q1- Identify the structure?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Q2- What are Characteristics of it? Ribosomes

Membranous sheets of flattened tubules & vesicles with
ribosomes on the surface (small black dots)

Q3- What is the function of it?

• Synthesis of proteins by ribosomes on its outer surface

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Centrioles

Q1- Identify the structure?

centrioles

Q2- What are Characteristics of it?

• 2 cylinders which are perpendicular to each other
• *their wall is made of 9 triplets of microtubules (9x3 = 27)
• Non membranous organelle

Q3- What is the function of it?

• Essential for cell division
• Formation of cilia and flagella

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Cilia

Q1- Identify the structure?

cilia
microtubules
Q2- What are Characteristics of it?
(9 doublets & 2 central singlets )
Hair like striations on the free surface of some cells
*Shaft form of 9 doublets & 2 central singlets of microtubules (9x2 + 2 = 20)

Q3- What is the function of it?

Movement of particles or fluids in one direction

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Microvilli

Q1- Identify the structure?

microvilli

Q2- What are Characteristics of it?

Cylindrical cytoplasmic projections of apical surface
to increase surface area
*they contain actin filament (microfilaments)

Q3- What is the function of it?

Increase surface area for more absorption

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Simple squamous epithelium

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Simple squamous epithelium

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

• Endothelium of Aorta
• Alveoli of lungs

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• One layer
• Flat cells
• Flat nuclei

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Simple Cuboidal epithelium

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

Thyroid gland (follicles)

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• One layer
• cuboidal cells
• Round central nuclei

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Simple Columnar epithelium

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Goblet cells
Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

• GIT – small intestine (with goblet cell)
• GIT - stomach and gall bladder (without goblet cell)

Q3- What is the function of the pointed area?

Secreting mucus

Q4- What are Characteristics of it?

• One layer
• columnar cells
• basal oval nuclei
• Goblet cell

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
“ciliated with goblet cells”

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium “ciliated with goblet cells”

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

• Trachea
• bronchi

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• One layer
• columnar cells
• Nuclei appear at different levels
• All cells rest on basement membrane
• Some are tall, others are short that can't make to surface

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Stratified squamous epithelium keratinized

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

Epidermis of skin

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar, basal oval nuclei
• Intermediate cells: polygonal , central rounded nuclei
• Surface cells: flat, flattened nuclei
• With layer of keratin on the surface

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Stratified squamous epithelium
non keratinized

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

Esophagus

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar, basal oval nuclei
• Intermediate cells: polygonal , central rounded nuclei
• Surface cells: flat, flattened nuclei
• Without a layer of keratin on the surface

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Transitional epithelium

Q1- Identify the type of epithelium?

Transitional epithelium

Q2- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

Urinary bladder

Q3- What are Characteristics of it?

• multiple layers
• basal cells: columnar
• Intermediate cells: polygonal
• Surface cells: large cuboidal with convex free surface
maybe binucleated
• With layer of keratin on the surface

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

*Not important but might be in pathology questions

Squamous metaplasia

• From pseudostratified columnar ciliates epithelium to

stratified squamous epithelium

• In trachea

• Metaplasia: change from simple into stratified squamous

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Dense collagenous regular connective tissue

Q1- Identify the structure?

Dense collagenous regular connective tissue

Q2- What is the type of fibers?

Collagen fiber (Collagen type I)

Q3- What is the type of cells?

Fibroblast cells

Q4- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

• Tendons
• ligaments

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Elastic connective tissue

Elastic adipose
connective connective
tissue tissue
Q1- Identify the structure?
Elastic connective tissue

Q2- What is the type of cells?

Fibroblast cells

Q3- mention the organs (distribution, site & example)?

Aorta

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Adipose connective tissue

Q1- Identify the type of connective tissue?

Adipose connective tissue

Q2- What is the type of epithelium?

Adipocyte

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Reticular connective tissue

Q1- Identify the type of connective tissue?

Reticular connective tissue (Collagen type III)

Q2- mention the organ?

• Lymph node
• spleen

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Plasma cell

Q1- Identify the type of the cell?

Plasma cell (clock-face nucleus)

Q2- What is the function of it?

Secretion of Antibodies Negative
Golgi
Q3- What is the type of cytoplasm?
Basophilic cytoplasm Appearance

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Mast cell

Q1- Identify the type of the cell?

Mast cell

Q2- What is the function of it?

• Secretion of Histamine
• Secretion of heparin

Q3- What is the type of cytoplasm?

Basophilic cytoplasm-coarse secretory granules

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

LYMPHOID TISSUE

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Lymph node
capsule
Lymphatic
Q1- Identify the structure?
Lymph node
nodule
(follicle)
Q2- Show the structure of:
• Cortex (Has lymphatic nodules)
• Paracortex septa
• Medulla (rich in lymphatic sinuses) cortex

paracortex

Meddlla
cortex

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Thymus

Q1- Identify the structure?

Thymus (incomplete septum)

Q2- Show the structure of thymic lobule:

• Cortex
• Medulla (Hassall's corpuscles) Cortex
(dark area)

Medulla
(pale area)

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 Palatine tonsil

Q1- Identify the structure?

Palatine tonsil (incomplete capsule)

Q2- What is the type of epithelium?

Stratified squamous epithelium

Crypt

Follicle

Follicle

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block

 ‫" لنكن يد ًا بيد لريى العامل اجنازاتنا‬
" ‫وحت ّملوا شقاء اليوم ألجل حمل الغد‬

Team leaders :
Rawan Mohammad Alharbi
Khalid Fayez Alshehri

Twitter.com/Histology437
[email protected]

Practical histology (OSPE) team 437 | Foundation block