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    Soil Chapter 3

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    Jethrone Micheala
    This section provides an overview of crop taxonomy and classification. It discusses that taxonomy involves the examination, description, naming and classification of plants into hierarchical groups ranging from divisions down to varieties. The key differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are outlined. Many important crop families are then listed, including both monocot families like Poaceae and dicot families like Fabaceae and Solanaceae. The section emphasizes that understanding taxonomy allows for comparing growth and sensitivities between related crops.

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    Soil Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Jethrone Micheala
    9 views67 pages
    This section provides an overview of crop taxonomy and classification. It discusses that taxonomy involves the examination, description, naming and classification of plants into hierarchical groups ranging from divisions down to varieties. The key differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are outlined. Many important crop families are then listed, including both monocot families like Poaceae and dicot families like Fabaceae and Solanaceae. The section emphasizes that understanding taxonomy allows for comparing growth and sensitivities between related crops.

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    This section provides an overview of crop taxonomy and classification. It discusses that taxonomy involves the examination, description, naming and classification of plants into hierarchical groups ranging from divisions down to varieties. The key differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are outlined. Many important crop families are then listed, including both monocot families like Poaceae and dicot families like Fabaceae and Solanaceae. The section emphasizes that understanding taxonomy allows for comparing growth and sensitivities between related crops.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views67 pages

    Soil Chapter 3

    Uploaded by

    Jethrone Micheala
    This section provides an overview of crop taxonomy and classification. It discusses that taxonomy involves the examination, description, naming and classification of plants into hierarchical groups ranging from divisions down to varieties. The key differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are outlined. Many important crop families are then listed, including both monocot families like Poaceae and dicot families like Fabaceae and Solanaceae. The section emphasizes that understanding taxonomy allows for comparing growth and sensitivities between related crops.

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    of 67

    Section 3

    Structure and taxonomy of crops


    Taxonomy
     What is taxonomy?
     Examination / Description / Naming / Classification
    Of plants into:
     Taxa:
    Divisions
    Classes
    Orders
    Families
    Genera
    Species (sp. / spp.)
    Varieties (var.) + forms (f.)
    Taxonomy
     Taxonomic classification systems
     Ever-evolving!

     Taxonomy and crop production?


     Growth + development characteristics similar for plants of same genus
    and family
     Easier to compare different crops

     Similar growth stages


     Similar sensitivities to environmental conditions
     Planning spraying programs
    Taxonomy
    Agronomist and horticulturist concerned with:

    Divisions → Spermatophyta
    ↓
    Classes Angiospermae and Gymnospermae
    ↓
    Sub Classes Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae
    (50 000 species) (200 000 species)
    ↓ ↓
    25 crops 90 crops
    Taxonomy
    Difference between Monocotyledoneae and Dicotyledoneae :

    Plant part Monocots Dicots


    Roots: Adventitious root system Tap root system
    Stem: Vascular bundles is scatters Vascular bundles in a
    over the stem concentric patron in stem
    Leaves: Veins are parallel Leaves are Veins are feather like or net
    sessile with no petiole veins. Leaves have petiole
    Seed: 1 cotyledon 2 cotyledons
    Germination: Hypogeal Epigeal

    If not, www.bozemanscience.com, would be helpful.


    Click on videos> biology> Unit 7: Plants> Plant structure
    Taxonomy
     Field crops
     Mostly monocots  Poaceae
     Some dicots  Fabaceae

     Vegetables
     Mostly dicots  Fabacae, Brassicaceae, Apiaceae
     Apart from Monocots  Liliaceae (Onions, asparagus, garlic)

     Fruit
     Mostly dicots: Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Vitaceae
     Monocots  Pineapple, banana, dates
    Taxonomy
     Variety vs. Cultivar

     Binomial system
     Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’
     M. domestica cv. Starking
     Prevents any misunderstandings
     Author:
     Solanum tuberosum L.
     S. elaeagnifolium Cav.
    Monocotyledonous
    crop families
    Amaryllidaceae
    Sisal
    (fiber)
    Arecaceae

    Coconut

    Dates
    Brumeliaceae

    Pineapple
    Lilliaceae
    Asparagus
    Lilliaceae
    Spring onions

    Leeks
    Chives

    Garlic

    Onions
    Musaceae
    Banana
    Poaceae
    Maize
    Poaceae

    Sugarcane
    Poaceae

    Small grains
    Poaceae
    Sorghum

    Rice
    Dicotyledonous
    crop families
    Actinidiaceae Kiwi fruit
    Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae)
    Swiss chard

    Spinach Beetroot
    Anacardiaceae

    Mango

    Cashew nuts
    (cashew on tree)
    Anacardiaceae
    Pistachio
    Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)
    Parsley
    Carrots

    Celery
    Apiaceae (Umbelliferae)

    Fennel (seed/leaves/”bulb”) Coriander (seed/ leaves)


    Asteraceae

    Jerusalem
    artichoke

    Sunflower

    Artichoke
    Asteraceae
    Lettuce

    Chicory: roots = coffee replacement


    leaves = “witloof” (veg.)
    Betulaceae

    Hazelnut
    Cactaceae

    Cactus pear
    Caricaceae

    Papaya
    Convolvulaceae

    Sweet
    potato
    Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
    Broccoli Cabbage

    Brussel
    Cauliflower
    sprouts
    Cruciferae (Brassicaceae)
    Turnip

    Mustard

    Radish
    Cucurbitaceae

    Pumpkin
    family
    Cucurbitaceae

    Baby marrow

    Cucumber
    Patti pan
    Cucurbitaceae
    Watermelon Yellow
    watermelon

    Spanspek

    Square
    watermelon?
    (Japan)
    Ebenaceae

    Persimmon
    Date-plum
    Ericaceae

    Blue berry
    Euphorbiaceae

    Cassava
    Fabaceae

    Green bean

    Peas

    Groundnut
    Fabaceae

    Rooibos

    Soyabean
    Juglandaceae

    Walnut
    Pecan nut
    Lamiaceae

    Mint

    Thyme

    Rosemary
    Lauraceae

    Avocado
    Lauraceae

    Bay
    Cinnamon (bark)
    Lecythidaceae

    Brazil nut
    Linaceae

    Linseed / Flax
    Malvaceae

    Cotton
    Moraceae

    Fig

    Mulberry
    Myrtaceae

    Guava
    Myrtaceae
    All spice
    Cloves
    Oleraceae
    Olive
    Passifloraceae
    Granadilla (passion fruit)
    Proteaceae

    Macadamia nut
    Puniaceae

    Pomegranate
    Rosaceae
    Pear Apples

    Asian pear

    Loquat
    Rosaceae
    Cherry

    Peach / nectarines

    Apricot Prune

    Plum
    Rosaceae

    Almond

    Strawberry
    Rosaceae

    Raspberry

    Blackberry
    Rubiaceae
    Coffee
    Rutaceae
    Citrus family
    Oranges

    Grapefruit

    Cumqwat

    Lime

    Lemon

    Naartjie
    Sapindaceae
    Litchi

    Longan
    (Australia)
    Solanaceae

    Tomatoes
    Potato
    Solanaceae

    Eggplant
    (brinjal)

    Tobacco
    Solanaceae
    Sweet Chillies
    peppers

    Gooseberry
    Theaceae

    Tea
    Vitaceae
    Grapes

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