Biology Life On Earth 10th Edition Audesirk Test Bank 1

BIOLOGY LIFE ON EARTH 10TH
EDITION AUDESIRK
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Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)

Chapter 9 The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction
9.1 Multiple Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is true of cell division?

A) Three daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.
B) Each daughter cell contains half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.
C) Each daughter cell receives one-third of the hereditary information in the parent cell.
D) The hereditary information is DNA in the parent cell and RNA in the daughter cells.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension
2) Which of the following statements about stem cells is true?

A) They are found only in embryos.
B) They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
C) They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults.
D) They are "perpetual" parent cells that never produce daughter cells.
E) They are permanently differentiated and cannot further divide.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
1
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) The DNA in a chromosome most resembles

A) a pleated sheet.
B) beads on a string.
C) a straight road.
D) a spiral staircase.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
4) All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT:

A) deoxyribose.
B) adenine.
C) thymine.
D) phospholipid.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
2
5) Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?
A) Phosphate-sugar-base
B) Base-sugar-base
C) Phosphate-sugar-phosphate
D) Phospholipid-base-sugar
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
6) Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?

A) DNA
B) Proteins
C) Enzymes
D) mRNA
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
7) In DNA, phosphate binds to

A) adenine.
B) ribose.
C) deoxyribose.
D) other phosphate molecules.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
8) The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called
A) stem cell differentiation.
B) the cell cycle.
C) homologous differentiation.
D) fission.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
3
9) Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?
A) Budding in Hydra
B) Prokaryotic fission in E. coli
C) Meiosis in plants
D) The union of sperm and egg in sea urchins
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
10) Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?

A) Stem cells
B) Bone marrow cells
C) Most brain cells
D) Newly formed daughter cells
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
11) As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells

A) contains unique genetic information.
B) contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.
C) is genetically identical to all others.
D) changes genetically as you grow and develop.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
12) When a cell divides via asexual reproduction

A) each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.
B) each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.
C) each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent
cell, but it has been altered.
D) the genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
4
13) A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called
A) duplication.
B) forming a cell plate.
C) forming a cell furrow.
D) mitosis.
E) prokaryotic fission.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
14) The genetic material in bacteria consists of

A) several circular DNA molecules.
B) one circular RNA molecule.
C) many rod-like DNA molecules with protein.
D) one circular DNA molecule.
E) DNA in mitochondria.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
15) What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

A) Meiosis
B) Prokaryotic fission
C) Cell growth and DNA replication
D) Fission of the plasma membranes at the cell equator
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.2
16) Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can

A) occur in less than a half an hour.
B) skip prokaryotic fission.
C) involve sexual reproduction.
D) create more than two daughter cells per cell division.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
5
17) How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?
A) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not made from nucleotides.
B) Eukaryotic chromosomes occur singly, and prokaryotic chromosomes occur as pairs.
C) Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane-bound organelle.
D) Genetic information is stored as DNA in eukaryotic cells and as proteins in prokaryotic cells.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.2
18) In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is

A) more than 1.8 meters (6 feet) long when uncoiled.
B) circular.
C) single-stranded.
D) made of sugars and lipids.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.2
19) In prokaryotes, the term "prokaryotic fission" specifically refers to

A) asexual reproduction.
B) the attachment of replicated DNA to the plasma membrane.
C) the growth phase of the cell cycle.
D) the addition of a new plasma membrane between what will become two daughter cells.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
20) In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission

A) contain half the DNA of the original parent cell.
B) are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.
C) cannot replicate themselves.
D) can reproduce either by prokaryotic fission or by the production of gametes.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
6
21) What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?
A) They bind nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.
B) They contain the genes that code for various traits.
C) They bind the DNA into a supercoiled structure.
D) They hold the DNA strands together in a form called the double helix.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
22) How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

A) Two
B) Four
C) Thousands
D) Millions
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
23) Which of the following is the longest?

A) A condensed prokaryotic chromosome
B) An uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome
C) A condensed eukaryotic chromosome
D) An uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
24) The two ends of a single chromosome are called

A) genes.
B) loci.
C) telomeres.
D) chromatids.
E) centromeres.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
7
25) The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the
A) histone.
B) locus.
C) telomere.
D) chromatid.
E) centromere.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
26) In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?
A) A centromere
B) A chromatid
C) A locus
D) A telomere
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
27) A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a
A) centromere.
B) chromatid.
C) telomere.
D) karyotype.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
28) In a typical human body cell, how many chromosomes are there?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 23
D) 46
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
8
29) A typical human body cell contains how many sex chromosomes?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 23
D) 46
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
30) The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the

A) X and Y chromosomes.
B) Y and Z chromosomes.
C) Y and Y chromosomes.
D) X and X chromosomes.
E) Z and Z chromosomes.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
31) Meiotic cell division in animals occurs in the ________ and results in the production of
________.
A) body cells; daughter cells
B) body cells; parent cells
C) testes and ovaries; gametes
D) testes and ovaries; diploid cells
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
Skill: Application/Analysis
32) Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?
A) A diploid cell
B) A gamete
C) A haploid cell
D) A meiotically produced cell
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
9
33) Which of the following organisms does NOT reproduce its cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?
A) A cow
B) A bacterium
C) A mushroom
D) A cockroach
E) A banana tree
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.4
34) During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication
occur?
A) The S phase of interphase
B) The G1 phase of interphase
C) The mitotic phase
D) Cytokinesis
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.4
35) During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?
A) The S phase of interphase
B) The G1 phase of interphase
C) The mitotic phase
D) Cytokinesis
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.4
36) All of the following eukaryotes can reproduce asexually EXCEPT:

A) aspen trees.
B) Amoeba.
C) Hydra.
D) Paramecium.
E) domestic dogs.
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 9.4
10
37) Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division?
A) Anaphase-telophase-prophase-metaphase
B) Prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
C) Metaphase-prophase-anaphase-telophase
D) Telophase-anaphase-prophase-metaphase
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
38) During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.5
39) During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.5
40) During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres line up along the cell equator?
A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
11
41) Which phase of mitosis is a "preparatory" step involving the development of spindle
microtubules?
A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
42) Which phase of mitosis involves the shortening of the microtubules as the chromosomes
move toward the poles?
A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
43) Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.5
44) During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?

A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Metaphase
D) Telophase
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
12
45) One difference between mitotic cell division in animal cells and plant cells is that
A) plant cells do not undergo anaphase.
B) animal cells do not undergo telophase.
C) in animal cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.
D) in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.
E) cytokinesis occurs in animal cells but has not yet been observed in plant cells.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
46) The protein-containing structure on the centromere where microtubules attach is called the
A) cell plate.
B) spindle.
C) centriole.
D) kinetochore.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.5
47) Kinetochores attach

A) chromosomes to each other.
B) sister chromatids to each other.
C) chromosomes to ribosomes.
D) chromatids to spindle microtubules.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
48) In animal cells, spindle microtubules originate from structures called

A) cyclins.
B) centrioles.
C) chromatids.
D) histones.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
13
49) What occurs immediately following cytokinesis?
A) Anaphase
B) Prophase
C) Telophase
D) The G1 portion of interphase
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
50) What would be a consequence of a mutation that disables the production of cyclin-dependent
kinases (Cdks)?
A) DNA would not contain any phosphate groups.
B) Cell-cycle control would not be possible.
C) The nuclear envelope would disintegrate.
D) Telomere length would be shortened significantly.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
51) Cdks are activated only when they bind to

A) cytosine.
B) cyclin.
C) chromatids.
D) centrioles.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.6
52) Kinases are responsible for the addition of ________ to other proteins.
A) nitrogen
B) cyclin
C) phosphorus
D) phosphate
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
14
53) Growth factors stimulate
A) cells to divide.
B) the cell to skip the S and G1 phases of interphase and undergo mitosis directly.
C) Cdks to synthesize enzymes that digest cyclins.
D) the cell to ignore the checkpoints of the cell cycle.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
54) Cancer is essentially

A) the binding of cyclins and Cdks.
B) a never-ending repetition of the S phase of the cell cycle.
C) unregulated mitotic cell division.
D) the creation of extra checkpoints in the cell cycle.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
55) Which of the following is the correct sequence in a cyclin-Cdk pathway?

A) Growth factor-receptor-cyclin-Cdk-DNA replication
B) Growth factor-receptor-Cdk-cyclin-DNA replication
C) Growth factor-cyclin-Cdk-receptor-DNA replication
D) Receptor-cyclin-Cdk-growth factor-DNA replication
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
56) If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its
A) licked wounds will heal faster than usual.
B) Cdks will not function properly.
C) ability to increase cell division when needed would diminish.
D) cell cycles will not contain the proper checkpoints.
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Section: 9.7
Skill: Synthesis/Evaluation
15
57) The different forms of a gene-for example, those responsible for eye color-are called
A) cyclins.
B) alleles.
C) telomeres.
D) sister chromatids.
E) receptors.
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.7
58) Sexual reproduction allows for

A) clones of parent cells to be produced more quickly and efficiently than does prokaryotic
fission.
B) random mutations to occur at a faster rate than does asexual reproduction.
C) greater genetic diversity in offspring, compared to asexual reproduction.
D) haploid individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.7
59) Which of the following occurs during meiosis?

A) Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with
paired chromosomes.
B) Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with
paired chromosomes.
C) Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with
unpaired chromosomes.
D) Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with
unpaired chromosomes.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Section: 9.8
60) In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by

A) prokaryotic fission.
B) budding.
C) mitosis.
D) meiosis.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
16
61) How many daughter cells are produced from each parent cell during meiosis?
A) One
B) Two
C) Four
D) Millions
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
62) When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) ________ is produced.

A) egg
B) sperm
C) zygote
D) haploid individual
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
63) During meiosis, maternal and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites
called
A) chiasmata.
B) centrioles.
C) centromeres.
D) chromatids.
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.8
64) Chiasmata are the locations of

A) meiosis.
B) mitosis.
C) crossing over.
D) sister chromatid attachment.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.8
17
65) In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have
A) multiplied.
B) mutated.
C) separated.
D) remained attached.
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
66) How many haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8 million
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
67) What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A) Meiosis produces two daughter cells instead of the four daughter cells produced in mitosis.
B) Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, whereas mitosis produces genetically
variable daughter cells.
C) Mitosis produces daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces parent cells.
D) Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.8
68) How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

A) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous
chromosomes separate.
B) In anaphase of mitosis, homologous chromosomes separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis,
sister chromatids separate.
C) Sister chromatids do not separate in mitosis, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromosomes
do separate.
D) In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids join together, but in anaphase I of meiosis,
homologous chromosomes join together.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Section: 9.8
18
69) In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during
A) cytokinesis.
B) prophase I.
C) prophase II.
D) anaphase I.
E) anaphase II.
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Section: 9.8
70) During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in

A) two haploid cells.
B) four haploid cells.
C) two diploid cells.
D) four diploid cells.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 9.8
71) Which of the following is represented by ferns and other plants?

A) Haploid life cycle
B) Diploid life cycle
C) Alternation of generations
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.9
72) Which of the following is represented by birds?

A) Haploid life cycle
B) Diploid life cycle
C) Alternation of generations
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.9
19
73) In the alternation of generations life cycle, adults may be
A) haploid only.
B) diploid only.
C) haploid or diploid.
D) neither haploid nor diploid.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Section: 9.9
74) In flowering plants, pollen represents the

A) haploid stage.
B) diploid stage.
C) zygote.
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Section: 9.9
75) All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT:
A) mutations.
B) crossing over.
C) random assortment of parental chromosomes.
D) prokaryotic fission.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.10
76) The most common method of bacterial reproduction is

A) meiosis.
B) mutation.
C) budding.
D) prokaryotic fission.
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.2
20
77) Replication of the bacterial ________ is required before the bacterial cell can be duplicated.
A) nucleus
B) chromosome
C) mitochondria
D) gamete
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.2
78) All of the following play a role in the development of cancer EXCEPT:
A) uncontrolled cell division.
B) mutations.
C) a large supply of Cdks stimulating cell division.
D) inhibition of Cdk and blocking of DNA replication.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
79) Mitosis is division of the ________, whereas cytokinesis is division of the ________.
A) chromatid; chromosome
B) nucleus; cytoplasm
C) nucleus; chromosome
D) prokaryotic cell; eukaryotic cell
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 9.5
80) Beginning with a newly formed daughter cell, what is the order of the other stages of the
eukaryotic cell cycle?
A) G1, S, G2, mitosis
B) Mitosis, G1, G2, S
C) Mitosis, S, G1, G2
D) G1, G2, mitosis, S
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 9.4
21
81) During plant cell cytokinesis, what is the name of the structure that forms between the
daughter cell nuclei and eventually will become the new cell wall?
A) Constriction ring
B) Kinetochore
C) Vesicle wall
D) Cell plate
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 9.5
9.2 True/False Questions
1) In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of both DNA and proteins. True or False?
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
2) Most prokaryotes reproduce via a form of asexual reproduction called prokaryotic fission.
True or False?
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 9.2
3) The uncoiled DNA in a eukaryotic cell is much longer than the cell itself. True or False?
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
4) Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of only DNA. True or False?

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Section: 9.3
5) Mutations may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral to the cell or organism in which they
occur. True or False?
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Section: 9.7
22
9.3 Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
1) The abbreviation DNA stands for ________.

Answer: deoxyribonucleic acid
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
2) Nucleotides are the building blocks of ________ and ________.

Answer: DNA and RNA (or nucleic acids)
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
3) Inside the nucleus, the two strands of nucleic acids that exist in the form of a double helix
make up the molecule called ________.
Answer: DNA
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
4) Heritable information exists as discrete units called genes, which are located on ________.
Answer: chromosomes
Diff: 2
Section: 9.3
9.4 Short Answer Questions
1) What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

Answer: deoxyribose
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
2) Name the four different nitrogen-containing bases that are found in DNA.
Answer: adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine
Diff: 1
Section: 9.1
23
9.5 Art Questions
1) Based on this figure, the rules for nucleotide base pairing in DNA must be
A) adenine with cytosine, and guanine with thymine.

B) adenine with thymine, and guanine with phosphate.
C) adenine with guanine, and cytosine with thymine.
D) adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.1
24
2) Based on this figure, what would be the consequence of exposure to a synthetic chemical in
the environment that mimics the structure and shape of a growth factor?
A) Cyclin production would not be "turned on."

B) Cdk and cyclin would not bind to each other.
C) The cyclin-Cdk complex would still occur but would not stimulate DNA replication.
D) DNA replication would be stimulated even though the actual growth factor was not present.
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Section: 9.6
25
9.6 Scenario Questions
1) In the karyotype of a person with Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, an extra copy of
chromosome 21 is apparent. This abnormality affects roughly 1 of every 700 children born and is
the most common serious birth defect in the United States. People affected by Down syndrome
often have mental retardation and shortened life spans.
Based on this scenario and your understanding of meiosis, what is the most likely basis for the
extra chromosome in people with Down syndrome?
Answer: A failure of one pair of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis I could
have resulted in an extra chromosome 21 being incorporated into a parental gamete. Then the
extra chromosome would be inherited along with the normal maternal and paternal copies of
chromosome 21.
Diff: 3
Section: 9.8
2) The ant Myrmecia pilosula has the smallest number of chromosomes possible in a eukaryote:
females possess only one pair of chromosomes, and males have only one chromosome! Put
another way, female M. pilosula can be described as having the haploid condition n = 1 and the
diploid condition 2n = 2.
Based on this scenario as well as your knowledge of gamete formation, a female M. pilosula can
produce gametes with ________ different sets of chromosomes.
A) two
B) four
C) eight
D) millions
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Section: 9.10
26

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Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology, 10e (Audesirk)

9.1 Multiple Choice Questions

1) Which of the following is true of cell division?

2) Which of the following statements about stem cells is true?

3) The DNA in a chromosome most resembles

4) All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT:

6) Genetic inheritance is based on what type of molecule?

7) In DNA, phosphate binds to

10) Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?

11) As a result of mitosis, each of your body cells

12) When a cell divides via asexual reproduction

14) The genetic material in bacteria consists of

15) What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

16) Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can

18) In prokaryotes, the DNA molecule is

19) In prokaryotes, the term "prokaryotic fission" specifically refers to

20) In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by prokaryotic fission

22) How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

23) Which of the following is the longest?

24) The two ends of a single chromosome are called

30) The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the

36) All of the following eukaryotes can reproduce asexually EXCEPT:

39) During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

43) Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

44) During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?

47) Kinetochores attach

48) In animal cells, spindle microtubules originate from structures called

51) Cdks are activated only when they bind to

54) Cancer is essentially

55) Which of the following is the correct sequence in a cyclin-Cdk pathway?

58) Sexual reproduction allows for

59) Which of the following occurs during meiosis?

60) In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by

62) When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n) ________ is produced.

64) Chiasmata are the locations of

67) What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

68) How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

70) During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in

71) Which of the following is represented by ferns and other plants?

72) Which of the following is represented by birds?

74) In flowering plants, pollen represents the

76) The most common method of bacterial reproduction is

9.2 True/False Questions

4) Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of only DNA. True or False?

1) The abbreviation DNA stands for ________.

2) Nucleotides are the building blocks of ________ and ________.

9.4 Short Answer Questions

1) What sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

A) adenine with cytosine, and guanine with thymine.

A) Cyclin production would not be "turned on."

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2) Nucleotides are the building blocks of and .