Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

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EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020

Examination

College of Science & Engineering

Examination Duration: 180 minutes

Reading Time: 0 minutes

Exam Conditions:

Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue:

(No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones)

None

Materials To Be Supplied To Students:

None

Instructions To Students:

Complete the questions on your own paper.

Please number each page.

Please write your name on each page.

Please start each question on a new page.

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

Question 1.

The atomic radii of K+ and Br- ions are 0.138 and 0.196 nm, respectively.
(a) Calculate the force of attraction between these two ions at their equilibrium
interionic separation (i.e., when the ions just touch one another).
(b) What is the force of repulsion at this same separation distance?

Question 2.
The atomic weight, density, and atomic radius for a hypothetical alloy are listed in the
following table. What is the type of crystal structure (FCC, BCC, or simple cubic)? Justify
your determination.
Atomic Weight
Alloy (g/mol) Density (g/cm3) Atomic Radius (nm)
A 43.1 6.40 0.122

Question 3.

Atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are given
in the following table for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii
are indicated.

Eleme Atomic Radius Crystal Electronegativ Valenc

nt (nm) Structure ity e
Ni 0.1246 FCC 1.8 +2
C 0.071
H 0.046
O 0.060
Ag 0.1445 FCC 1.4 +1
Al 0.1431 FCC 1.5 +3
Co 0.1253 HCP 1.7 +2
Cr 0.1249 BCC 1.6 +3
Fe 0.1241 BCC 1.7 +2
Pt 0.1387 FCC 1.5 +2
Zn 0.1332 HCP 1.7 +2

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

Which of these elements would you expect to form the following with Chromium:
(a) A substitutional solid solution having complete solubility
(b) A substitutional solid solution of incomplete solubility
(c) An interstitial solid solution

Question 4.

Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.4 wt% at
a position 2 mm into an iron–carbon alloy that initially contains 0.10 wt% C. The surface
concentration is to be maintained at 0.90 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at

1100°C. D0 = 2.3 105 m2/s Qd = 148,000 J/mol.

Question 5.

Briefly explain the differences between the recovery and recrystallization processes.

Question 6.

Estimate the maximum and minimum thermal conductivity values for a cermet that contains 90 vol%

titanium carbide (TiC) particles in a nickel matrix. Assume thermal conductivities of 15 and 77 W/m.K
for TiC and Ni, respectively.

Question 7.

Consider 3.5 kg of austenite containing 0.95 wt% C and cooled to below 727°C (Figure 1).
(a) What is the proeutectoid phase?
(b) How many kilograms each of total ferrite and cementite form?
(c) How many kilograms each of pearlite and the proeutectoid phase form?
(d) Schematically sketch and label the resulting microstructure.

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

Figure 1 – Iron-carbon phase diagram.

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

The following pages contain data and equations that you may need to use for this
examination.

nA σyield = σ0 + k y d−0.5
ρ=
Vc NA
nf nc A0 − Ad
n = ni + + %Cw = × 100
2 8 A0

𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠
× 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚 dn − dn0 = Kt
𝐴𝑃𝐹 = 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑙 a 0.5
σm = 2σ0 ( ) = K t σ0
ρt
𝐴 𝐵
𝐸𝑁 = 𝐸𝐴 + 𝐸𝑅 = − +
𝑟 𝑟𝑛
2Eγs 0.5
σc = ( )
1 πa
𝐴= (|𝑍 |𝑒)(|𝑍2 |𝑒)
4𝜋𝜀0 1
K = Yσ√πa
n = 2G-1
σmax + σmin
σm =
2
measured scale length (μm)
M=
scale bar (μm) σr = σmax − σmin

LT σmax − σmin
l̅ = σa =
PM 2

G = −6.6457logl ̅ − 3.298 σmin

R=
σmax

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

F σT = F⁄Ai
σ=
A0
ϵT = ln(li ⁄l0 )
li − l0
ϵ=
l0 σT = σ(1 + ϵ)

τ = tanθ ϵT = ln(1 + ϵ)

σ = Eϵ Lf − L0
%EL = × 100
L0
(𝑋𝐴 −𝑋𝐵 )2
%IC = (1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝− 4 ) × 100%
A0 − Af
%RA = × 100
A0
𝑒 = 1.602 × 10−19 𝐶
σworking = σy ⁄N
−12
𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10 𝐹 ⁄𝑚
𝑄𝑑
𝐷 = 𝐷0 exp (− )
𝑄𝑣 𝜌 𝑁𝐴
𝑅𝑇
𝑁𝑣 = 𝑁 𝑒𝑥𝑝 (− ) ;𝑁 =
𝑘𝑇 𝐴
𝜕𝐶 𝜕2𝐶
=𝐷 2
𝜕𝑡 𝜕𝑥
𝑑𝑀
𝐽= 𝐶𝑥,𝑡 − 𝐶0 𝑥
𝐴𝑑𝑡
= 1 − 𝑒𝑟𝑓 ( )
𝐶𝑠 − 𝐶0 2√𝐷𝑡
𝑑𝐶
𝐽 = −𝐷 3𝐹𝐿
𝑑𝑥 𝜎=
2𝑏𝑑 2
𝑛)
𝑦 = 1 − 𝑒 (−𝑘𝑡
𝐹𝐿
𝜎=
𝜋𝑅3
𝐹 𝐿3
𝐸=
𝛿 4𝑏𝑑3 𝐸 = 𝐸0 (1 − 1.9𝑃 + 0.9𝑃2 )

𝐹 𝐿3 𝜎𝑓𝑠 = 𝜎0 𝑒𝑥𝑝(−𝑛𝑃)
𝐸=
𝛿 12𝜋𝑅4
𝑛1 − 𝑛2 2
𝑀𝑛 𝑅=( )
𝐷𝑃 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2
𝑚̅
𝑇 =1−𝑅
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
𝑛2 sin 𝜃2 = 𝑛1 sin 𝜃1
𝑅𝐴
𝜌=
𝑙
𝑁𝐴 = 6.022 × 1023 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠

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Formal Exams SP2/9, 2020 EG2010 Materials Science and Engineering

𝑀𝑤 = ∑ 𝑤𝑖 𝑀𝑖 𝑅 = 8.3145 𝐽⁄𝑚𝑜𝑙. 𝐾

𝜎 = 1⁄𝜌
𝑀𝑛 = ∑ 𝑥𝑖 𝑀𝑖

END OF EXAMINATION

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