ATOMIC STRUCTURE-module

Module
on
Atomic Structure
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the identity of a

substance according to its atomic structure
LEARNING COMPETENCY
A. Understand the basic subatomic particles and how these are
distributed
in an atom.
B. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a
particular atom.
C. Distinguish between atomic number and mass number for an atom of
given
elements.
1
What You Need To Know
What
All matter is made up of of atoms. Atoms are too small to be

seen. So it is difficult to tell what they are like. To help understand
what atoms are like, scientists studied them. It was only by studying
atoms that scientists came to be able to split the atom and “look “
inside. Then, they made models of the atoms.
A. Activity 1
Directions: Read carefully the information below about the subatomic

particles.
Fundamental Subatomic Particles

Particle Symbol Charge Mass
electron e- -1 0.0005486 amu
+
proton P +1 1.007276 amu
neutron n0 0 1.008665 amu
The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom can be determined

from a set of simple rules.
• The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic
number (Z).
2
• The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons
• The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the number of
protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
• The number of neutrons is equal to the difference between the mass number
of the atom (M) and the atomic number (Z).
An atom consist of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus

consists of protons and neutrons. The electrons are arranged in shells. An example is
the atom of the element oxygen shown in the following diagram.
Key + = proton
- = electron
0 = neutron
Now, answer these questions using complete sentences.
1. What particles are oppositely charged?

_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What particles are almost of the same mass?

_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. What can be inferred about the mass of an electron?

_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. How do you get the mass number of an atom?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Why is the atom pictured on the right described as “ neutral atom?”
3
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
B. Activity 2
Use the illustrations of representative atoms below to complete the table that
follows.
Electron Shell
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Carbon

H He Li C
1p+
1 e- 2 e- 2 p+ 2e- 2 e- 3 p+ 6p+
12en- 4 e- 4n 6n
Neon Sodium Sulfur
Ne Na S
10 p+ 11 p+ 11 p+
-
10 n 2e 2e- 12 n 2e- 12 n
8e- 8e-
8e- 1 e- 1e-
Argon Potassium Calcium
Ar K Ca
18 p+ 2e- 2e- 2e-

19 p+ 20 p +
22 n
8e- 8e- 20 n 8e- 20 n
8e- 8e- 8e-

1e- 2e-
Name Symbo No. Of No. Of No. Of Mass Atomic
l protons neutrons electrons Number Number
+)
(p (n0) (e-)
1 .Hydrogen
2. Helium
3. Lithium
4. Carbon
5. Neon
4
6. Sodium
7. Sulfur
8. Argon
9.Potassium
10.Calcium
Now, you are ready to answer the following questions.
11. How do you solve for the number of neutron in each atom?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
12. How do you get the mass number of the given atoms?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
13. Using the simple rules in part a above, elements can be represented by: MHZ ,
where H stands for the symbol of the element, Z refers to the atomic number, and
M refers to the mass number. Add another column in the table above for the atomic
representation of the given elements
C. Activity 3
Directions: Below are isotopes of Carbon atoms. Determine the number of
protons, neutrons, and electrons of the three carbon atoms and then give their
respective mass number and atomic number.
Isotopes of No. of No. Of No. of Mas Atomic

Carbon protons neutrons electrons Number Number
Atoms
1. C12
2. C 13
3. C 14
1. Compare the number of neutrons in each carbon atom.

_____________________________________________________________________
2. How does the change in the carbon’s number of neutrons affect

a. Its atomic mass?
5
_________________________________________________________________
B. Its atomic number?

_________________________________________________________________
3. Define an isotopes.
CONTENT STANDARDS
The learners demonstrate an understanding of the identity of a

substance according to its atomic structure
LEARNING COMPETENCY
D. Understand the basic subatomic particles and how these are
distributed
in an atom.
E. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a
particular atom.
F. Distinguish between atomic number and mass number for an atom of
given
elements.

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Module

The learners demonstrate an understanding of the identity of a

All matter is made up of of atoms. Atoms are too small to be

Directions: Read carefully the information below about the subatomic

Fundamental Subatomic Particles

The number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom can be determined

An atom consist of a central nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus

Now, answer these questions using complete sentences.

1. What particles are oppositely charged?

2. What particles are almost of the same mass?

3. What can be inferred about the mass of an electron?

4. How do you get the mass number of an atom?

5. Why is the atom pictured on the right described as “ neutral atom?”

Hydrogen Helium Lithium Carbon

18 p+ 2e- 2e- 2e-

8e- 8e- 8e-

Isotopes of No. of No. Of No. of Mas Atomic

1. Compare the number of neutrons in each carbon atom.

2. How does the change in the carbon’s number of neutrons affect

B. Its atomic number?

The learners demonstrate an understanding of the identity of a

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