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t&SifqE´m"du
tcspfuHacayr,fUtESpfusefap&r,f
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
a&Tyg&rD 2002 trSwf(3)

pmrlciG jhf yKcsuf
354^2002 ( 6 )
rsufEmS zH;k cGijhf yKcsuf
358^2002 ( 6 )
2002 ckESpf pufwifbmv yxrtBudrf tkyfa& 30000
rsufESmzH;k yef;csD
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armifarmifodkuf? 0if;odef;? 0if;Munf? ae0if;atmif
rsufESmzH;k yHEk Sdyfol
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trSwf228^230?tvHkvrf;?tvkHjrdKUe,f/
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trSwf(111)?33vrf;?ausmufwHwm;jrdKUe,f/
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a&$yg&rD"rRpmayjyef‹yGm;a&;tzGJŒ
trSwf(19at^2)?Adkvf&mnGefYvrf;?'*HkNrdKUe,f/
( 249573?281663?(0999)21198)
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du ( a&Tyg&rDawm& )
■ 1968ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv(9)&uf? t*FgaehwGif a&eHacsmif;jrdKY? olaX;ukef;&yf
uGufü crnf;awmf OD;pdef0if;? r,fawmf a':odef;odef;wdkhrS zGm;jrifonf/
■ 1984ckESpfwGif q,fwef;pmar;yGJudk a&eHacsmif;jrdKY? txu(1)rS ajcmuf
bmom (bmompHk) *kPfxl;jzifU jrefrmwpfEdkifiHvHk; 'kwd,&vsuf atmif
jrifonf/ oHk;xyfuGrf;vl&nfcReftjzpf 8wef;? 9wef;? 10wef;wdhkü
oHk;ESpfqufwdkuf a&G;cs,fcHcJh&onf/
■ 1984 ckESpf? q,fwef;atmifjrifjyD;aemuf omoemUabmifodkh 0ifa&mufcJh
jyD; tr&yl&jrdKY? r[m*E¨m½Hkausmif;wdkufwGif y&d,wÅdpmayrsm; avUvm
qnf;yl;cJhonf/
■ 1992 ckESpfwGif yxrausmfbGJY ESifU 1995 ckESpfwGi f "r®mp&d,bGJYwdkhudk
&&SdcJhonf/
■ 1998 ckESpfwGif touf(30)jynfU ykvJ&wkarG;aeh txdrf;trSwftjzpf
wpfa,mufwnf;ae wpfpw
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f nf;xm; pmtkyfudk pwifxw
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{upm&D awm&aqmufwnfvsuf y&d,wf? y#dywftvkyf tm;xkwv
f suf
&Sdonf/ /
t&SifqE´m"du
oAÁ'geH "r®'geH Zdemwd/

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vSL'gef;xm;aom
a&Tyg&rD"r®pmayjyefhyGm;a&;
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xkwfa0ygonf/
a&$yg&rD"rRpmayjyef‹yGm;a&;tzGJŒ
«tvSL&Sifpm&if;udk aemufü oD;jcm;azmfjyxm;ygonf/»

t&SifqE´m"du
rmwdum
1/ ■ oabmxm;tjrif (wGJzufa&Tusifomoemydkif) 9
2/ ■ zwfjyD;rSwfyg (eE´modef;ZH) 13
3/ ■ trSmpmr[kwfaomaus;Zl;wifvTm (rma*s) 17
4/ ■ t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; (udkouf) 19
5/ ■ tdrfapmifUewfESifUy|mef;&Gwfjcif; 32
6/ ■ 0ifavxGufavvm;? xGufav0ifavvm; 40
7/ ■ &nfpl;ukodkvf 46
8/ ■ aoG;tvSLESifUaumif;rIpGrf;&nf 56
9/ ■ wrvGefb0ESifUusef&pfol 66
10/ ■ tcspfuHacayr,fUtESpfusefap&r,f 74
t&SifqE´m"du
11/ ■ jrwfAk'¨\bJGYtrnfrSef 84
12/ ■ tm;&Sdoltm;xkwfrStm;xGufrnf 92
13/ ■ rm&fewfESifUrm&fpdwf 100
14/ ■ 0gyefcGifU 110
15/ ■ 0gwGif;'kvvbESifUtEkynm&Sif’ 120
16/ ■ oufowfvGwfESifUukodkvfpdwf 130
17/ ■ 0ufysKdom;ESifU0rf;awmfvm;jcif; 146
18/ ■ tm;xkwfjzpfzdkht"du 156
19/ ■ t&SifqE´m"duESifUawGYqHkjcif; ('kwd,ydkif;) 171
t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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a&Tyg&rDpcef;jzifU acrmjynfvSrf;EdkifMuygap/
t&SifqE´m"du
t*¾r[my@dw? tbd"Zr[m&|*k½k
wGJzufa&Tusifomoemydkif
a&T[oFmod&DrEåpHausmif;q&mawmfbk&m;MuD;\
oabmxm;tjrif
a&Tyg&rDawm& t&SifqE´m"du xHrS ]þpmrlrsm;udk
Munf½h í I xifjrifcsuf a&;om;ay;yg&ef} [k awmif;qdv k mojzifh
ay;ydkYvmaom pmrlrsm;udk tzefzef Munfh½Ium rdrdjriforQ
a&;om;vdkufygonf/
pmrlrsm;rSm tar;tajzrsm; jzpfaeonfudk awGU&yg
onf/ tar;tajzaygif; (13) ck &Syd gonf/ t&Siq f E´m"duESihf
awGUqHjk cif; u@rSm ar;cGe;f rsm;uyif ae&mrsm;rsm; ,lxm;o
jzifh tar;tajzodyYk if xnfo h iG ;f vdu
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y"metajzESihf ES;D EG,q f ufpyfonfh taMumif;t&m? tcsut f
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,kwt då zHzk kH usr;f *eftpHw
k EYkd iS hf n§í d tcdik t f rm a&;om;ajzqdk
t&SifqE´m"du
xm;onfukd awGU&ygonf/
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vli,f t&G,rf a&G; uav;oli,frsm;ygrusef ]ZdeH - ig;rmef
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xm;onfukd awG&Y ygonf/
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ukov dk u
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wpf&mtusK;d r&? aiGuek v f yl ef;rQ jzpf½rHk u tyg,foYkd usa&muf
t&SifqE´m"du
wwfyu kH kd edygwfawmfvm oufaotaxmuftxm; pHv k ifpmG jzifh

tus,w f 0ifh ajzqdx k m;onfrmS vGepf mG rSwzf , G af umif;vS ojzifh
zwfyg? rSwyf g? vdu k ef musio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k w f eG ;f vdyk gonf/
oufowfvw G Ef iS hf ukov kd pf w
d f jyóemrSmvnf; ,aeY
acwfpm; vltawmfrsm;rsm; pdw0f ifpm; usio hf ;kH aeaom jyóem
jzpfaeygonf/ jiif;írqH;k Edik af om jyóemvnf; jzpfaeygonf/
'gudk t&Siq f E´m"duu bk&m;&Si\ f tqH;k tjzwfukd pHv k ifpmG
azmfjy&Si;f vif;í tjiif;udk &yfapxm;ygonf/
odaYk omf oufowfvw G u f kd ckw;kH vkyí f bmoma&;pnf;
½k;H odr;f oGi;f rIrsm;udyk if wuf<upGm vIy&f mS ;jyKvyk af eonfukd awGU
&ojzifh 'Dtajzrsm;udk aocsmpGm zwfrSwfvdkufem usifhoHk;í
xdpk nf;½k;H rIvw G u f if;atmif a&SmifuiG ;f &ef jzpfygonf/
useaf r;cGe;f wd\ Yk tajzrsm;rSmvnf; þenf;wlyif jzpf
ojzifh ¤if;wdkYudk tus,fra&;awmhbJ zwfjzpfatmif zwfjyD;
vdu k ef musio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k wf eG ;f ygonf/
t&Siq f E´m"duESihf awGUqHjk cif; u@ESiw hf uG pmtkyyf g
tar;tajztm;vH;k udk pk½;Hk í twdck sK;H ajymvdo k nfrmS ,ck t&Sif
qE´m"du\ pmtkyrf sK;d rSm awGU&? jrif&? zwf&cJaom pmtkyrf sK;d
jzpfojzifh ,ckvuf&b dS 0\ at;csr;f om,mrI? b0\ukeq f ;kH &m
edAmÁ ef&onfh b0txd oHo&mwpfavQmufv;kH at;csr;f om,m
rIukd vdv k m;olwikd ;f þpmtkyf vuf0,fyikd q f ikd f &&Sx d m;apum
tjrrJ jywf zwf½aI vhvm usio hf ;kH yg[k wdu k w f eG ;f vduk yf gonf/
t&SifqE´m"du
,aeY acwfay: tifwmAsL;*sme,f ponfrsm;rSm urÇmh

taMumif;t&m? acwftaMumif;t&m tpHt k vif? pma&;q&m
tMu;D ti,f ynmonftpHt k vifwYkd pka0;aygif;qH&k mjzpfojzifh
vlMu;D vli,f vl&, G vf vl wftpH?k vlwef;pm;tpHt k vifwYkd 0dik ;f tHk
Munf½h &I m jzpfaeayonf/
xd*k sme,frsm;u t&Siq f E´m"du\ "r®pmayrsm;ESihf wuG
tjcm;ynm&S i f r sm;\ "r® p mayrsm;ud k y g wav;wpm;
ta&;xm;um ae&m trsm;MuD; ay;xm;? a&;om;azmfjycGifh
ay;xm;í xd*k sme,fpmapmifrsm;tm; trsm;Mu;D om"kac:um
aumif;cs;D r*Fvm jyKvu kd yf gonf/
,aeY acwfvil ,frsm;rSm trsm;tm;jzifh trsK;d bmom
omoemESifh qefYusifaom ,Ofaus;rI? Ak'ömoemawmfESifh
qefu Y siaf om t,ltq? 0g'rsm; vTr;f rd;k rIukd cHae&Mu&ojzifh
"r®pmayrsm;ESihf awGUxdru I kd rsm;pGm vdt k yfaecsed wf iG f t&Siq
f E´m
"du polwdkYu xdk*sme,fpmapmifrsm;ü yg0ifa&;om;vmrIwdkY
twGuv f nf; t&Siq f E´m"du polwt Ykd m; tm;&0rf;om rsm;pGm
cs;D usL;&ygaMumif;? t&Siq f E´m"du taeESiv hf nf; a&SUqufí
*sme,frsm;wGif þodaYk om bmoma&; tar;tajz aqmif;yg;
rsm; tqufrjywf a&;om;apvdak Mumif; a&;om;azmfjyvdu k &f
ygonf/
t&Sif&mZdE´mbd0Ho
Zlvdkif? 19? 2002/
t&SifqE´m"du
zwfjyD;rSwfyg
wpfaeY tifwmAsL;*sme,f wm0efct H ,f'w D mu uRef
awmfhudk ]t&SifqE´m"duu 'DpmrltwGuf trSm a&;ay;ygvdkY
q&mhukd trde&Yf vdS u
kd yf gw,f} vkadY jymjy;D pmrlzikd w f pfcu k kd ay;yg
w,f/ trSmpmudk tjrefq;kH vdck siyf gw,fvv Ykd nf; olu xyfw
vJvJ ajymygw,f/ pmrlukd zwfzt Ykd csed af wmif olu ay;csiyf kH
ray:ygbl;/
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qE´m"dueJY aqG;aEG;csio f al wGvnf; trsm;Mu;D ? t&Siq f E´m"du&JU
w&m;udk emcsifMuolawGvnf; trsm;MuD;? t&SifqE´m"du&JU
t&SifqE´m"du
pmtkyrf sm;udk zwf½aI eMuolawGvnf; trsm;Mu;D ? 'D taMumif;

awGukd awG;&if; pdr;f vJv h u hJ efa&jyifukd jzefrY ;kd jy;D yGiahf ewJh jzLvGvG
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wifw h ,fatmif zefw;D w,f? Mum&JU ta&miftaoG;aMumifv h nf;
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aMumifh jzpfvmwmwJ?h ynm&Sad Mumifh rjzpfb;l ? jzpfay:vmwJh
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t&SifqE´m"du
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rIawG? ylaqG;&? pdwq f if;&J&wmawG[mvnf; vlru kd af Mumifjh zpf
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jy;D ? rSwjf zpfatmif rSwyf gvdYk rSmcsiyf gw,f/
eE´modef;ZH
t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
&m q&mawmfrS vufccH o hJ jzifh tifwmAsL;*sme,foYkd te,fe,f

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apwDawmfawG? ykx;kd awmfawG/ ab;0J,mrSmvnf; awmifaMum
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t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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,wdjywfawmh ajymvdYk rjzpfb;l /
OD;Zif;u vrif;Mu;D &JU b0udk odytf m;usw,f/ vrif;
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«'kwd,ydkif;udk pmrsufESm (171) wGif qufvufzwf½Iyg&ef/»
udkouf
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
taumif;qHk;uawmh
y|mef;w&m;yJjzpfjzpf
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t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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Mu;D wJh ewfawG? jA[®mawG a&mufvmwdik ;f a&mufvmwdik ;f aemuf
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jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ q,fEh pS , f Zl emuGma0;wJh ae&muyJ w&m;emcGihf
&ygawmhw,f/ ewfMu;D vmawmh ewfi,fae&mz,fay;&wmaygh/
t&SifqE´m"du
vlYavmurSmvnf; 'Dvykd gyJ/ yGv J rf;obifwpfc?k tcrf;

tem;wpfck usi;f yjyq D &kd if *kPMf u;D wJv h ?l rsuEf mS Mu;D wJv h al wGu
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twGuf (tuk&F ewfom;vdyk )J ae&mz,f aemufqw k af y;&wJh
twGuf ta0; a&mufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/
tuk&F ewfom;[m ta0; a&mufomG ;ayr,fh jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Sifudk pdwfrqdk;bJ ta0;uae w&m;em,lovdk
ta0;a&muf oGm;wJh tdraf pmifeh wf[mvnf; y|mef;&Gwyf mG ;olukd
pdwrf qd;k bJ ud, k u hf u H , kd f em;vnfpmG eJY ta0;wpfae&muae
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awG? jA[®mawG ud, k ahf e&mud, k f jyefomG ;wJt h cg tdraf pmifeh wf
t&SifqE´m"du
vnf; tdrrf mS aeNrw J ikd ;f jyefaecGi&hf oGm;jyaD ygh/ y|mef;wefc;kd aMumifh

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zkwjf yw d mÅ awG? ewfrpd mä awGjzpfaecJrh ,fq&kd ifawmh y|mef;w&m;udk
em;cg;jy;D xGuaf jy;csif ajy;ygvdrrhf ,f/ ol,w k rf meJY olawmf
aumif;w&m; rtyfpyfvYkd aMumuf&UHG xdwv f efYpmG xGuaf jy; oGm;Mu
wJh ]w&m;rMuKduf ewfirdu k }f awG ud, k t
h f rd rf mS r&Sad wmhwm ydak wmif
aumif;ygao;w,f/ 0rf;enf;p&m r[kwyf g bl;? 0rf;omp&myg/
a0omvDjynfrmS uyfab;Mu;D awG qdu k af &mufcphJ Ofwek ;f
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vnf&w G q f Mkduawmh bke;f wefc;kd Mu;D wJh ewfjA[®mawG w&m;vm
emMuwJt h wGuf raumif;qd;k 0g;awG? ewfrpd mä awG jrKdUwGi;f rSm rae
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vnf; uyfab;Mu;D awGu vGwaf jrmufjy;D csr;f om&m &cJyh gw,f/
y|mef;w&m;yJ&w G &f w
G ?f wjcm;w&m;yJ&w G &f wG ?f ud,
k b hf uf
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t&SifqE´m"du
udk,fhywf0ef;usifrSm raeEdkifbJ xGufajy;oGm;apcsifwJh

&nf&, G cf suf qd;k rsK;d rxm;eJYaygh/ t,kwt f vwftjrwfra&G;
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jywfomG ;wJt h cgrsK;d awGrmS wkYjH yefuvJph m;acswwfygw,f/ ud, k hf
apwem ud, k t hf usK;d ay;wmygyJ/
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yJjzpfjzpf? w&m;awmf wpfcck k &Gwzf wfyal ZmfrI jyKawmhr,fq&kd if
yxrOD;qH;k arwÅmbm0em yGm;rsm;? arwÅow k f &Gwq f jkdy;D rS jyKwm
taumif;qH;k ygyJ/ arwÅmw&m;ay;a0rIukd owÅ0gwdik ;f ESpo f ufvkd
vm;MuwmrdYk bmw&m;awmfy&J w G &f w
G ?f arwÅow k u f kd t&if&w G yf g?
arwÅmbm0em t&ifymG ;ygvdYk 'umaZmfrsK;d atmifuk d arwÅmeJY tMuH
ay;vdu k yf gw,f/
y|mef;w&m;udk tdrrf mS vnf; &Gwo f ifyh gw,f? &Gwjf cif;
aMumifh 'kur© a&mufwt hJ jyif aumif;usK;d csr;f om usuo f a&
r*FvmtjzmjzmeJY jynfph EkH ikd yf gw,fvYkd ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Edk0ifbm? 15? 2000»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
0ifavxGufavudk
arUaewJUol[m
b0arUaewJUoljzpfjyD;
0ifavxGufavudk
rarUwJUol[m
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b0rarUwJUoljzpfcsif&if
0ifavxGufavrSm
tjrJrjywf? okdhr[kwf
rMumcPowduyfxm;jyD;
odaeyg . . . ./
t&Sibf &k m; . . .
]tmemyge} udk wcsKUd u ]0ifav xGuaf v} vdYk ajymMujy;D
wcsKUd u ]xGuaf v 0ifav} vdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ 0ifavxGuf
avu trSev f m;? xGuaf v 0ifavu trSev f m; uGjJ ym;pGm od
atmif ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifjird ;f at;? jrpfajcjrKd U/
'umarmifjird ;f at;&JU ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu
kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ
t&SifqE´m"du
OD;yOöi;f zm;atmufawm&rSm w&m;tm;xkwcf phJ Ofwek ;f u a,m*D

wcsKUd udk q&mawmfb&k m;Mu;D tcGiMhf uKH wikd ;f rdeYfMum;awmfral vh&dS
wJh pum;wpfceG ;f udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
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av} aygh/ tmeudk xGuaf v? tygeudk 0ifavvdYk bmomjyef&if
awmh tmemygeqdw k m ]xGuaf v0ifav} aygh/
tmeqdw k m tpqH;k jzpfwahJ v? tygeqdw k m aemufrjS zpf
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xGuaf vyg/ aemufrjS zpfwhJ av[m 0ifavyg/ vufawGUb0jzpf
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t&SifqE´m"du
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xGuaf v0ifavygvdYk ajym&rSmyg/
arG;zGm;jy;D wJah emuf vufawGUb0xJrmS vlom;wpfO;D
tjzpfeYJ qufvuf&iS o f efaexdik Ef ikd zf Yt
kd wGuaf wmh 0ifavudk t&if
qH;k ]&SL} oGi;f &jy;D ? xGuaf vudk aemufrS ]½du I }f xkw&f ygw,f/
]&SL} jy;D rS ]½Iu d }f &vdYv
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yHrk eS af ewJt
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t&SifqE´m"du
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vdYk ok;H EIe;f wm[m vufawGUb0eJY wpfxyfwnf;uswt hJ wGuf
toifah vsmq f ;kH ygyJ/
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olYae&m? olYtcsed t f cgeJYo?l olYa'o? olYy*k Kdv ¾ ef Yo
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em;vdYk wdu k ½f ukd bf momrjyefbJ ]em;eJYrsupf }d vdYk ajymif;jyefbmom
jyefjy;D ]owif;pmawG[m wdik ;f jynf&UJ em;eJY rsupf jd zpfw,f}
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t&SifqE´m"du
xGuaf veJY qufpyfaewJh xdrI ½kyw f &m;? odrI emrfw&m;awG&UJ

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udk rarhwo hJ [
l m b0rarhwo h J yl g/ b0rarhwo h J jlzpfcsi&f if 0ifav
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odaeyg .... vdY/k
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? 'DZifbm? 6? 2000»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
aovGefjyD;wJUaemuf
ukodkvftusKd;ay;aMumifU
vljzpfoGm;w,f? ewfjzpfoGm;w,fqdk&if
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jzpfoGm;w,fqdk&ifusef&pfolawGu
olhtwGuf&nfpl;jyD;jyKwJU
ukodkvf&JYtusKd;udk
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t&Sib
f &k m; . . .
aoqH;k olu&kd nfp;l í tvSL'gejyKvyk v
f Qif &nfp;l cH&olü
rnfo
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OD;armifv?S tvHjk rKd Ue,f/
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vtawmfMumavmufu zwfvu kd &f wJo
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t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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Edik zf Yt
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f m ud, k u f sio hf vD pwJh olawmfaumif;
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twef; ay;a0&r,f?
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t&SifqE´m"du
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om om"kac:&r,f/
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D &kd ifawmh om"kac:vdu k w f m
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odYrk [kwf ,yfawmifwpfacsmif;? pD;eif;oGm;p&m ,mOftwGuf
t&SifqE´m"du
zdeyfwpf&?H tenf;qH;k vSLzG,yf pön;f ig;rsK;d yg0if&ygr,f/ 'grS

pm;a&;? aomuf a&;? 0wfa&;? aea&;? oGm;vma&;
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t&SifqE´m"du
t&if,x l m;vdu k Mf uygw,f/ jy;D rS olrudk &nfreS ;f jy;D trQtwef;

ay;a0vdu k Mf uygw,f/ olr om"kac:vdu k w f meJYwpfjyKdief uf ewf
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tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f?azazmf0g&D?7?2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
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t&SifqE´m"du
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jyefjzpfygapownf;}
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tjrifq h ;kH qkuykd J awmifw h jy;D jyKoifah yr,fh jyKjy;D aemufyikd ;f b0
t&SifqE´m"du
tcuftcJawG? b0vdt k yfcsuaf wGeYJ MuKH qv kH mwJth cgrSmawmh

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f LS 'gef;wmudk
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f u J aoG;udk azmufxw k jf y;D vSL'gef;wJh aoG;
tvSL[m bk&m;tavmif; olawmfaumif;Mu;D awG qnf;yl; jznfh
usiMhfuwJh 'geOyyg&rD ukov kd xf ;l Mu;D jzpfygw,fvYkd ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? {jyD? 4? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&Sifbk&m; . . .
vlwpfO;D aoqH;k í wrvGeb f 0 a&muf&o dS mG ;csed w
f iG f
tMum;tjrifq&m? bd;k awmf? ewf0ifonf ponfo h wl Ykdu
aoqHK;olonf rnfonfhbHkb0odkY a&muf&SdaeaMumif;
oGm;a&muf ar; jref;ol rdom;pkwYkdtm; ajymqdk a[majym
aeMuygonf/ wynfh awmfodvdkonfrSm xdkvlrsm;onf
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a[majymvdu k í
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olYvufonf;eJY acgufvu dk ½f eHk YJ OD;acgif;cHyG ikd &f iS [ f m b,fbkH
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t&SifqE´m"du
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MunfMuwmaygh/
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t&SifqE´m"du
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awmhygbl;/ b0Zmwford ;f csKyjf ird ;f oGm;ygjy/D ]ao} jy;D &if ]qH;k }
t&SifqE´m"du
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tJ'aD wmhrS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ]igh om;awmfMu;D 0*Ðo
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w,f} vdYk cs;D usL;*kPjf yKpum; rdeYMf um;awmfryl gw,f/ bmvkYv d J
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t&SifqE´m"du
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oufqik d &f m rEÅew f pfcck ?k oufqik d &f m twwfwpfcck k wwfajrmuf
xm;zdYk vdyk gw,f/
tckacwf tMum;tjrifq&mawG? bd;k awmf? r,fawmf
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r[kwEf ikd b f ;l } vdYk taMumuftuefjiif;vdYk rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ twwf
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]tppfwpfc?k twkwpfoed ;f } qdw k thJ wdik ;f ud, k w f u,f
t&SifqE´m"du
rodbeJ YJ odoa,mif &rf;jz;D ? &rf;&T;D wJh zd;k &rf;wkw?f r&rf;wkwf

]tMut H zefynmonf} awGvnf; trsm;Mu;D &SEd ikd yf gw,f/ &Sad eyg
w,f/ tppftwk cGw J wfzYakd wmh ta&;Mu;D ygw,f/ ]csi, hf }kH vdYyk J
ajymyg&apawmh/
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use&f pfoal wG&UJ pdw"f mwfcikd rf mrI? pdw"f mwfaysmn h rhH t I ay:rSmyJ
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olawGuawmh aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wdukd odvnf; wkev f yI rf mS yg
yJ? rodvnf; wkev f yI rf mS ygyJ/
pdwq f if;&Jjcif;qdw k mu pdw"f mwfaysmn h w
hH o hJ al wG uef
x½kud q f xGJ m;wJh cyfnn hH yhH pön;f wpfcyk g/ pdwcf sr;f omjcif;uawmh
pdw"f mwfcikd rf molawG&UJ rlyikd f &wemxkyMf u;D wpfcjk zpfygw,f/
aoqH;k ol&UJ vm;&m*wduo kd &d jcif;aMumifh tusK;d uawmh
r,kwyf gbl;/ i&J? wd&pämef? vl? ewfjzpfomG ;&if ud, k b f mrS rvkyf
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ukov kd af umif;rIawGvyk ?f trQay;a0Edik yf gw,f/ ud, k u hf o k v dk t f rQ
udk ol om"kac:&if jyw d mÅ bkb H 0u uRwv f wG jfy;D aumif;&mok*wd
udk vm;a&mufomG ;Ekid yf gw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
uHw&m; avoifv h Ykd b0wpfcrk mS acwÅcP aygif;qHck iG hf

&Muw,f/ uHw&m; avyifv h Ykd wpfa,mufeYw J pfa,muf a0;vGihf
cGcJ mG Mu&w,f/ jrpfxaJ rsmaewJh aA'gyifawGvykd J uHMuKH &if jyefqkH
Mur,f/ uHao;&if jyefa0;Mur,f/ uH&nfrwlbJ jyefMunfjzLcsif
vdYk r&ovdk uHraumif;bJ jyefaygif;csiaf evdYv k nf; tvum;ygyJ/
ud, k u hf eH YJ ud,k cf &D;ESi?f olYueH YJ olc&D;ESi/f
'gyJaygh? 'gygyJ/ bmpdwq f if;&Jp&m vdv k Yv
kd /J ] wGcJ iG }hfMuKH
wke;f ud, k whf m0ef ud, k af us? olYwm0ef olaus? jy;D jyaD ygh/ ]cGcJ iG }hf
MuKH cgrSawmh vGr;f raeeJYawmh? tydyk gyJ/
odjcif;eJY rodjcif;rSm odjcif;aMumifh tusK;d qkw, f w k of mG ;
Edik pf &m taMumif;r&Syd gbl;/ aumif;usK;d qd;k usK;d [m ud, k of w d hJ
todtay:rSm ud, k bhf ufu b,fvw kd YjkH yefovJqw kd hJ tcsuf
tay: rSmyJ rlwnfygw,f ...vdY/k
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? ar? 16? 2001»
/ / aw aw Zae tm0ga[wGm twÅaem

tnTe;f
twÅaem *wð uxmaywd/
(ax&*gxmt|uxm? 'kw,
d wG?J 508/)
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
aomurSeforQcspfjcif;aMumifUjzpf&wmyg/
cspfp&mwpfck&Sd&ifaomuwpfck&Sdr,f/
cspfp&mq,fck&Sd&ifaomuq,fck&Sdr,f/
cspfp&mtrsm;MuD;&Sd&ifawmU
aomutrsm;MuD;&Sdr,faygU/
aomujidrf;csif&ifcspfp&mawGudk
avQmUypfEdkif&r,fav/
cspf&r,fUol? cspf&r,fUt&menf;yg;oGm;av
aomurD;vnf;csKyfjidrf;oGm;avygyJ/
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
em;eJrY em z0g;eJY emawmfryl gbk&m;? wynfah wmfr[m
opömrJhwJh vifa,musfm;aMumifh tMuD;tus,f pdwfaomu
a&mufae&ygw,fb&k m;? pdwcf sr;f omatmif w&m;"r®eYJ b,fvkd
ESv;kH oGi;f jy;D b,fvkd ajzodr&hf r,fqw
kd m oem;u½kPm a&SUxm;
jy;D rdeMYf um;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
rrd;k oufvidI ?f &efuif;jrKd Ue,f/
rrd;k oufvidI af & ....
rrd;k oufvidI &f UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu kd &f w,fq&dk ifyJ tckw
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owif;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]wpfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ
t&SifqE´m"du
tcspu f kd &,lzYkd rMuKd ;pm;awmhbJ y&dowf&UJ tcspu f kd xm0&

&,lEikd zf Yykd J MuKd ;pm;oGm;ygawmhr,f} vdYv k nf; tifwmAsL;wpfcrk mS
olru &ifziG x hf m;ao;w,fav/
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awmh arQmv f ifah ecsed rf mS vnf; arwÅmpdwef YJ at;jr&ovdk &&Sv d m
csed rf mS vnf; arwÅma&mifjyefawGeYJ csr;f ajr&h ygw,f/ (wPSmcspef YJ
awmh pdwEf v S ;kH tylavmif rcHcsiyf geYaJ wmh a&Trif;orD;a& ..../)
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pm;&r,f? ud, k pf u
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zefqif;&Sif [m ud, k v f yk cf w hJ hJ uHw&m;}
t&SifqE´m"du
tJ'v D kd em;vnf vufcH ,HMk unfxm;Muygw,f/

tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;rSm tusK;d ay; raumif;wm[m
tcspaf &;? tdraf xmifa&;eJY ywfoufwh J raumif;uHawG twdwu f
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hJ ?l olwpfyg;tdrf
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atmufxpfq;kH iSuu f av;? ig;uav;awG? aMumif
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k tf jrKH uae
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oljzpfatmif pGr;f aqmifzefw;D Edik yf gw,f/
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]umarokrpd mä pm&uH} xdu k yf gw,f/ olwpfyg; om;r,m;eJY azmuf
t&SifqE´m"du
jyef&ifawmh ]y&'g&uH} xdu k w

f ,fvYv kd nf; ac:ygw,f/
twdwb f 0awGu umrudpö azmufjyefcw hJ o
hJ [l m umr
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ygyJ/
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pm;qifjcifEikd rf ,fq&kd ifawmh ud, k chf ifyeG ;f &JU opömrJrh t I ay: rrd;k
oufvidI t f aeeJY twdik ;f twmwpfct k xd cGiv hf w T af jzodrEhf ikd rf ,f
xifyg&JU/
'gayrJh cGiv hf w T af jzodrahf e½keH YJ rjy;D ao;bl; rrk;d oufviId f
a& ..../ ud, k Mf uKH awGUae&wJh tqd;k avmu"Hxu J ae tESpo f m&
wpfcck ak wmh xkw, f El ikd af tmif MuKd ;pm;&ygOD;r,f/ t½I;H xJu t
jrwfxu G af tmif vky&f ygOD;r,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif vufxufwek ;f u om0w¬jd rKd UrSm odyf
t&SifqE´m"du
acsmodyv f w
S hJ trsK;d orD;wpfO;D &Scd zhJ ;l ygw,f/ twdwu f H taMumif;
w&m;aMumifh olr&JUcifyeG ;f onfu olrudk vH;k 0rcspyf gbl;/ wjcm;
trsK;d orD;wpfa,mufeYJ rsuEf mS ajymifwu kd jf y;D vlraI &;azmufjyef
aeygw,f/
ud, k u hf kd rcspv
f Y?kd ud, k t hf ay: opömrJv h Yqkd jkdy;D olru
pdwf vnf; rnpfygbl;/ pdwv f nf;rqd;k ygbl;/ ]vifu rcspaf wmh
vifeYJ tcsed jf zKe;f p&mrvkad wmhb;l aygh} vdYk ESv;kH oGi;f jy;D tcsed &f o dS rQ
'ge? oDv? bm0em ukov kd af umif;rIawGuykd J pdwt f m;xnfh
jyKvyk af e vdu k yf gw,f/
txl;ojzifh t&Sio f m&dyw k &Å meJY t&Sirf [marm*¾vm’ ef
t*¾om0urax&fMu;D ESpyf g;udk tdrrf mS aeYpOfqrG ;f yifv h LS jy;D w&m;
em,lygw,f/ w&m;emvdu k ?f w&m;tm;xkwv f ukd ef YJ MuKd;pm;vdu k f
wm odyrf MumcifrmS yJ aomwmyef t&d,mrav; jzpfomG ;cJyh g
w,f/ ]vifu raygif;csirf aS wmh tdrrf mS aevnf; tydyk }J qdjk y;D
&[ef;jyKvu kd w f m odyrf MumcifrmS yJ &[EÅmt&Sirf av; jzpfomG ;
jyefygw,f/
wu,fvYo kd m olr&JUcifyeG ;f u olrudk odycf sp?f odyMf uif
emaer,fq&kd if tckvkd w&m;t&om cHpm;cGi&hf rSmr[kwyf gbl;/
a,musmf ;t&omeJY edAmÁ eft&om b,fvrkd S EdiI ;f ,SOv f Yrkd &atmif
uGmjcm;vGe;f vSygw,f/ edAmÁ eft&omudk tqift h jrifq h ;kH cHpm;cGihf
&aerSawmh a,musmf ;t&omqH;k ½I;H cJw h mudk ESajrmwrf;waep&m
t&SifqE´m"du
vkyd gOD;rvm;/ wu,fqkd ud, k t

hf ay: rMuifemwJh cifyeG ;f onfukd
aus;Zl;wifp&mawmif aumif;ygao;w,f/
olwYEkd pS af ,mufyJ b0wpfcrk mS jA[®'wfrif;om;eJY tod
wmblrif;orD;qdjk y;D awmf0ifZeD;armifEjHSzpfczhJ ;l ygw,f/ zcifb&k if
Mu;D u tmPmvkrmS pd;k &drjf y;D wdik ;f jynfu ESix f w
k v
f u
kd v
f Ykd olwYkd
ESpOf ;D bk&m;tavmif;awmf&aoh oDwif;oH;k &m [dr0EÅmawmxJrmS
aexdik cf MhJ u&ygw,f/
wpfaeYawmh odyaf csmodyv f wS hJ udE&é rD av;wpfO;D udk opf
cufweJ ef;teD;rSm rarQmv f ifb h J jrifawGUvdu k &f ygw,f/ udE&é rD
av;udk jrifjrifcsi;f csprf o d mG ;wJh rif;om;[m ]rdz&k m;ajrm§ ufr,f}
qdw k hJ tMut H pnfeYJ udE&é rD av;aemuf waumufaumuf ajy;
vdu k yf gawmhw,f/
rif;om;&JUopömazmufru I kd jrif&wJh rif;orD;vnf; rif;
om;tay: oHa,mZOfjywfjy;D bk&m;avmif;&aohxrH mS ur®|mef;
oif,t l m;xkwv f u kd w
f t
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vmwJh rif;om;udk aumif;uifay:uae EIwq f ufpum;ajymMum;
jy;D a0;&mudk ajy;cGmxGuo f mG ;ygawmhw,f/ rif;orD;&JU EIwq f uf
pum;u ....
]wpfcsed u f ]armif} vdYk tjrwfwEd;k ac:cJ&h wJh rif;om;a&?
t&SifqE´m"du
&Si&hf UJ opömrJrh aI Mumifh uRerf psmefcsr;f om &cJyh gjy?D wu,fawmh

uRerf &JU psmefcsr;f om[m &Siaf y;wJch sr;f omyg? 'Dt h wGuf &Siu hf kd
uRerf aus;Zl;trsm;Mu;D wifygw,f}
]'gayrJh wpfcsed u f &Sit hf ay:xm;&Scd w hJ hJ uRerf &JU tcspf
awG? uRerf &JUoHa,mZOfawGuawmh uRerf &JU ESv;kH om;uae jyKwf
usomG ;cJyh gjy?D uRerf &ifxrJ mS &Sirf &Sad wmhygbl;/ vTeYt J jzwfc&H wJh
qifp, G f jyefrqufEikd af wmhovdk &Sief Yu J Rerf Mum;rSm&Sw d hJ aESmifMuKd;
awGuv kd nf; jyefqufvYkd r&Edik af wmhygbl;/ wpfppD usK;d yJah <urGchJ
ygjy/D bmyJjzpfjzpf &Siu hf kd uRerf aemufq;kH EIwq f ufcyhJ gw,f}
todwmblrif;orD;&JU EIwq f ufpum;udk Munf&h if olr&JU
&ifxrJ mS aomuql;ajimifh ruse&f pfcb hJ ;l ? olr&JU pdwt f pOf[m
ylavmifjcif;r&S?d yuwdat;csr;f aew,fqw kd m xif&mS ;ygw,f/
omoemyumvrdYkom psmefcsr;f omeJYyJ jird ;f at;rI&,lc&hJ wmyg/
'Davmufq&kd if rrd;k oufvidI f taeeJY bmvkyo f ifw h ,f
qkwd m odavmufygjyaD emf/ 0w¬KawG? ½ky&f iS af wGxu J vkd ]aemufq;kH
xGuo f uftxd ½l;oGypf mG cspaf erSmygarmif} vdYv k nf; pdwu f ;l r,Of
ygeJY? oDcsi;f awGxu J vdk ]&ufpufwwfwrhJ if;&JUtem;rSm &ufpufrI
awGc, H cl siw f ,f} vdYv k nf; wrf;wraeygeJY/ vufawGUb0rSm
pdwcf sr;f omzdYek YJ jzpfEidk &f if b0vGwaf jrmufrI &zdYt k wGuo f m t
wwfEikd q f ;kH MuKd ;pm;yg/
a&S;olawmfaumif;awGx;kH ESv;kH rljy;D w&m;eJY arGUaysmyf g/
t&SifqE´m"du
w&m;rsm;rsm;em? w&m;pmtkyrf sm;rsm;zwf? ukov kd af umif;rIrsm;

rsm;jyK? w&m;rsm;rsm;tm;xkwaf ygh/ ESmoD;0 avxd&mt&yf owd
uyfjy;D av0if&if ]0ifw,f}? avxGu&f if ]xGuw f ,f} vdYk ½Irw S f
&wJt h vkyu f awmh oD;jcm;xdik &f if;eJYa&m? oGm;&if;vm&if;a&m vkyf
vdYk vG,u f yl gw,f/ pGpJ NJGrNJ rvJ yk Mf unf&h if pdwaf wGtxl;at;csr;f vm
rSmyg/
aomurSeo f rQ cspjf cif;aMumifh jzpf&wmyg? csppf &mwpf
ck&&dS if aomuwpfc&k rdS ,f? csppf &m q,fc&k &dS if aomu q,fc&k dS
r,f? csppf &m trsm;Mu;D &S&d ifawmh aomu trsm;Mu;D &Srd ,faygh/
aomujird ;f csi&f if csppf &mawGukd avQmyh pfEikd &f r,fav/ csp&f r,fh
ol? csp&f r,ft h &m enf;yg;oGm;av? aomurD;vnf; csKyjf ird ;f oGm;
avygyJ/
csp&f ol&UJ pdr;f um;&ufpufr?I jrwfE;kd &ol&UJ opömuif;rJh
rI[m pdwx f m;wwfot l wGuaf wmh wefz;kd rjzwfEikd w f hJ b0vGwf
ajrmufrI qkvmbfMu;D ygyJ/ toH;k cswwfol wpfa,muftwGuf
tcspu f aH cwm[m tESpu f seaf pzdYyk gyJ .... vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? ZGef? 27? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
aemufq;kH yGiahf wmfrcl ahJ om a*gwrAk'¨ jrwfpmG bk&m;\
bJUG trnfreS u
f kd odvydk gonfb&k m;/ tcsKUd u Ak'?¨ tcsKd Uu a*gwr?
tcsKUd u ousrek ?d trsK;d rsK;d ac:aeMuygonfb&k m;/
armifausmu f udk 0kd if;? &efuif;jrKd Ue,f/
'umausmu f akd & ....
'umausmu f &k d UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu k d &f w,fq&k d ifyJ jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfwpfcek YyJ wfoufjy;D [kwaf vmufw,f? [kwf
avmufw,fvYk d acgif;wndwn f w d ef YJ rSwcf sucf sczh J ;l wJh ]Oyuwuú
wGe;f } Mu;D udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D [m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd r[maAm"d
yifeYJ Ak'*¨ ,mtMum; vrf;c&D;wpfae&mrSm zl;awGUcGi&hf cJw h myg/
oluvnf; c&D;wpfct k oGm;? jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf; w&m;OD;
"r®pMum a[mzdYk rd*'g0keaf wmudk t<u? vrf;c&D;rSm c&D;&ifqikd f
qHak wGUMuwmyg/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ MunfvifoefY&iS ;f wJh toa&awmfukd
zl;jrif&wJh OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D [m vlcsi;f rodayr,fh oabmus
ESpof ufveG ;f vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ teD;tyg; csO;f uyfjy;D ar;cGe;f
awG w&pyf ar;ygawmhw,f/
]igh&iS f ....? oif&h UJ rsupf ?d em;? ESm? vQm? ud, k ?f pdwq f w
kd hJ
£ajEa´ jcmufyg;[m MunfvifveG ;f vSygw,f/ oif&h UJ ud, k tf a&
t&SifqE´m"du
tqif;[mvnf; txl;oefY&iS ;f pifMu,fjyD; jydK;jydK;jyufjyuf

ta&mif xGuv f Yakd eygw,f/ igh&iS f ....? oif[m b,fq&mudk
&nfreS ;f jy;D awmh &[ef;jyKcw hJ mygvJ? oifq h &mu b,fov l ?J
b,foYw l &m; udk oifEpS o f ufygovJ}
OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D &JU ar;cGe;f awGukd jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f
*gxmav;yk'ef YJ tckvkd ajzMum;awmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/
]Oyu ....? ig[m w&m;tm;vH;k udk vTr;f rd;k Edik w f oh J ?l w&m;
tm;vH;k udk tuket f pif t<uif;rJh odjrifwo hJ ?l w&m;tm;vH;k tay:
rSm udavomvdr;f usu H yfjijd cif; tvsO;f r&Sw d ohJ ?l w&m;tm;vH;k udk
y,f&mS ;pGeYyf pfjy;D wJo h ?l wPSmuke&f medAmÁ efrmS vGwv f w
G uf Rwu f Rwf
ouf0ifwnfaeoljzpfygw,f/ w&m;tm;vH;k udk q&mr&S?d rdru d , kd f
ydik Ó
f PfeYJ xd;k xGi;f odjrifcw h J mjzpfvYk d ighrmS q&m&,fvYk d nTejfy&r,fh
ol b,forl sm; &SOd ;D rSmvJ}
]Oyu ....? ighrmS q&mqdw k m r&Syd gbl;? ighxuf jrwfwhJ
q&mqdw k m tomxm;? igeJY wef;wlwo h J al wmif r&Syd gbl;? ewfeYJ
wuGaom owÅavmuMu;D wpfcv k ;kH rSm igeJY EIid ;f ,SOpf &myk*Kd¾vf
wpfO;D wpfa,mufrS r&Syd gbl;}
]Oyu ....? ig[m avmurSm ylaZmftxl;udk cHxu kd wf o h J ?l
twkr&Sd qH;k roGeo f ifEikd pf rG ;f &Swd qhJ &m? w&m;tm;vH;k udk trSet f
wdik ;f ud, k yf ikd Ó
f PfeYJ odjrifEikd w f hJ wpfO;D wnf;aom yk*Kdv ¾ ?f udav
omrD; jird ;f at;jy;D wJo h l jzpfygw,f}
t&SifqE´m"du
]Oyu ....? ig tck "r®pMumw&m; a[mzdYk umodwik d ;f ?

Am&mPoDjynfu rd*g'g0keaf wmudk oGm;rvdYyk g/ ynmrsupf rd &Sw d hJ
twGuf tuef;vdjk zpfaewJh ewfvo l wÅ0gawGtv,frmS w&m;
a'oemwnf;[laom tjrKdupf nfMu;D ½du k w f ;D aqmf&rG ;f vdu k Of ;D r,f}
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ajzMum;csuaf wGukd tm;&auseyfveG ;f
vdYk OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D u ....
]igh&iS f ...? tck oifajymwJt h wkid ;f qd&k if oif[m ]teEÅZed }
bJUG trnf&wJh yk*Kd¾ vx f ;l yk*Kd¾ vjf rwfwpfO;D jzpfrmS ayghaemf}
tJ't D cg jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ....
][w k yf gw,f .... Oyu? ig[m ]Zed } bGUJ trnf&wJh yk*Kdv ¾ f
wpfO;D jzpfygw,f/ igeJY oabmobm0csi;f wlwhJ bk&m;&Sit f m;vH;k
[m t&[wÅr*fÓPf&wmeJYwpfjyKd ief uf ,kwn f whH uhJ ad vomeJY
tukov kd wf &m;awGukd t<uif;rJah tmifjrifc?hJ tEdik , f El ikd cf w
hJ mrdYk
]Zde} qdwk hJ bJUG trnf&Muygw,f/ igvnf; tJ'b D &k m;&Siaf wGvykd J
t&[wÅr*fÓPfeYJ udavomw&m;? tukov kd w f &m; t,kwf
tnHah wGukd t<uif;rJh atmifjrifc?hJ tEdik , f El ikd cf whJ mrdYk ]Zde} qdw k hJ
bJUG trnf&ydS gw,f}
tJ't D cg Oyu wuúweG ;f Mu;D u ]igh&iS f ....? oifajymwm
[kwaf vmufw,f? oifajymwm [kwaf vmufw,f} vdYk a&&Gwf
&if; acgif;wndwn f w
d ef YJ vrf;z,fa&SmifvjJTy;D olomG ;vd&k mc&D;udk
qufvufxu G cf mG oGm;ygawmhw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
Oyu wuúweG ;f Mu;D u jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bJUG trnfukd

]teEÅZed } vdYk owfrw S cf yhJ gw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vnf; t
aMumif;jycsuef Yw J uG twnfjyKay;cJyh gw,f/ aemifwpfcsed f jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Six f aH rSmuf uRww f rf;0ifzYkd a&mufvmawmhvnf; Oyu
wuúweG ;f Mu;D u jrifjriforQ &[ef;&Siv f al wGukd ]teEÅZed b,f
t&yfrmS aeovJ} ]teEÅZed b,frmS vJ} vdYyk J ar;jref;cJyh gw,f/
wu,fawmh ]teEÅZed }qdw k b hJ UJG trnf[m *kPyf 'k u f kd tpGJ
jyKjy;D ac:a0:wJb h UJG trnfyg/ ]teEÅ}qdw k m ]tqH;k r&So d jd rifo}l ? ]Zde}
qdw k m ]&efrm&ftm;vH;k udk atmifEidk o f }l ? *kPyf 'k Ef pS cf u
k kd aygif;vdu k f
awmh ]teEÅZed } qdw k hJ bJUG trnf jzpfvmwmygyJ/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k rf eS o f rQ ( t&nftcsi;f rSeo f rQ)
bJUG trnf jzpfciG &hf ydS gw,f/ *kPyf 'k af wGu ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif
rsm;vGe;f awmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ bGUJ trnfawGuvnf; ra&r
wGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;aeawmhwmaygh/ OyuwuúweG ;f Mu;D udk rdeYf
Mum;awmfrw l phJ um;&yfawGxrJ mS udyk J ]*kPyf 'k t f aMumif;jyK bJUG
trnf} awG trsm;Mu;D ygygw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ trnfukd (1)vlYb0trnf? (2)bk&m;
trnf? (3)*kPyf 'k t f rnfvYkd oH;k rsK;d cGjJ cm;Edik yf gw,f/ vlYb0trnf
uawmh ]od'w ¨ }¬ vdYkac:ygw,f/ ]tusK;d tm;vH;k jy;D pD;Edik o f }l vdYk
t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ (od'=¨ jy;D pD;? tw¬=tusK;d /) bk&m;trnfu
awmh ]a*gwr} vdYk ac:ygw,f/ a*gwr rsK;d EG,u f qif;oufvm
t&SifqE´m"du
olrYkd rsK;d EG,&f UJ trnfukd tpJjG yKjy;D ac:wmyg/

wcsKUd bk&m;&Siaf wGu vlYb0trnfeYJ bk&m;trnf
twlwyl gyJ/ Oyrm vlYb0wke;f u 'DyuF&mrif;om;u bk&m;jzpf
awmh 'DyuF&mbk&m;? vlYb0wke;f u r*Fvrif;om;u bk&m;
jzpfawmh r*Fvbk&m;? vlYb0eJY bk&m;b0 trnfrajymif;bJ
wpfrsK;d wnf; ac:a0:Muygw,f/
vlYb0wke;f u od'w ¨ r¦ if;om;vdYak c:ayr,fh bk&m;jzpfwhJ
tcg od'w ¨ b ¦ &k m;vdYkrac:wmuawmh a*gwrjrwfpmG bk&m;&JU
xl;jcm;csuw f pfcyk aJ ygh/ t&Sio f m&dyw k (Å t&yfo;kH t&Sio f m&dywk &Å m)
rax&fukd vlYb0trnf ]Oywdó}eJY rac:bJ ]om&dyw k }Å (om&D
ykaPÖ;r&JUom;) vdYk ac:ovdyk gyJ/ t&Sirf [muóyrax&fvnf;
vlYb0wke;f u ]ydyv Ü }d uae &[ef;jzpfvmawmh ]uóy} &,fvYkd
jzpfvmcJw h ,fr[kwv f m;/
trsm;tm;jzifah wmh bk&m;&Siaf wG? &[ef;awmfawG&UJ vlY
b0trnfeY?J bk&m;b0? &[ef;b0trnfawGu wlnMDuwmrsm;
ygw,f/ wcsKUd wavavmufyJ uGv J MJGuwmyg/ tckacwfrmS awmh
jrefrmtrnf? odYrk [kwf oufqid k &f m vlrsK;d trnfuae ygVdtrnf
udk ajymif;vJrn S ahf c:MuwmrdYk vltrnfeYJ &[ef;trnf wjcm;pD
jzpfaeMuygw,f/
tck OD;yOöi;f wdYk aexdik w f u
hJ rÇm (b'úrÇm) rSm bk&m;ig;
qlyiG whf ,fqw dk m 'umausmu f kd Mum;zl;rSmyg/ tJ'b D &k m;ig;ql&UJ bGUJ
t&SifqE´m"du
trnfuk d ]uukoef? aumPm*kr?f uóy? a*gwr? t&darwÅ,s}

vdYyk J oH;k EIe;f Muwmudk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;
&Si&f UJ bJUG trnf[m ]a*gwr} ygyJ 'umausmu f akd & ..../
'gayrJh av;pm;xdu k w f h J ud,
k rh f b
d ? ud, k q h f &morm;? ud, k hf
aus;Zl;&Siaf wGukd rl&if;trnftwdik ;f ac:a0:oH;k pGjJ cif;rjyKwm[m
vl,Ofaus;awG&UJ "avhx;kH pHjzpfvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m;taMumif;ajym&if
b,foal wmfaumif;urS ]a*gwr} vdYk roH;k EIe;f Muygbl;/ bmom
jcm; yk*Kdv ¾ af wG? t,ltusihf rwlwhJ omoemy wdwad ¦ wGuom
]a*gwr}? ]&[ef;a*gwr} vdYk oH;k EIe;f Muwmyg/
Ak'b¨ mom0ifawG? olawmfaumif; olawmfjrwfawGu
awmh ud, k Mf unfnKd&m *kPaf wmfwpfcck ek YJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd emrf
pm;oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/ toH;k trsm;qH;k uawmh ]Ak'}¨ ygyJ/ ]bk&m;}
qdwk phJ um;vH;k udu k ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ pum;vH;k uae tqifq h ifh a&GUavsm
vmcJw h myg/
]Ak'}¨ qdw k m jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k t f rnfygyJ/ ]opöm
av;yg;udk ud, k w f ikd o
f jd cif;? olwpfyg;udv k nf;odatmifa[mEdik f
jcif;} qkw d hJ *kPyf 'k af Mumifh tvdt k avsmufyikd q f ikd v f mwJh bGUJ trnf
yg/ bk&m;yGiahf wmfr&l jcif;&JU t"du&nf&, G cf suu f kd vd&k if;wd&k iS ;f
rD;armif;xd;k jyEdik w f mrkYd ]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ *kPyf 'k t f rnfeYyJ J bk&m;&Siw f ikd ;f
udk &nfneT ;f oH;k EIe;f Muygw,f/
]Ak'}¨ qdw k hJ bJUG trnf[m OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siw f pf
t&SifqE´m"du
qlwnf;&JU bJUG trnfr[kwyf gbl;/ yGijhfy;D ? yGiq hf ?J yGiv hf wåUH jrwfpmG

bk&m;&Sit f m;vH;k &JU bGUJ trnfjzpfygw,f/ OD;yOöi;f wdYk jrwfpmG bk&m;
&Sif wpfqw l nf;eJYom oufqikd w f hJ bGUJ trnfuawmh ]a*gwr}
ygyJ/
'umausmu f Ykd ar;cGe;f rSm ygwJh ]ousrek }d qdw k muawmh
]ous} qdw k m omuD0ifrif;rsK;d ? ]rke}d qdw k m opömav;yg;odo?l
ESpcf ak ygif;vku d af wmh ousrek ?d 'gvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k f
trnfygyJ/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPyf 'k af wG (*kPaf wmfawG? t&nft
csi;f awG) u toacst F eEÅ ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSwmrdYk
*kPyf 'k t f rnfawGvnf; jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sirf mS toacst F eEÅ ra&
rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f/ *kPyf 'k t f rnfwikd ;f &JU aemuf
uG,rf mS MunfnKdav;jrwfz, G ?f vdu k ef mwkusizh f , G f t"dymÜ ,f tESpf
awGu euf½id I ;f pGm ude;f 0yfaewmrdYk ud, k ph f w
d "f mwfeYJ ud, k vh f yk &f yfuk d
toefYpifq;kH ? tjrifjh rwfq;kH wnfaqmufvo dk w l ikd ;f jrwfpmG bk&m;
&Sief YJ *kPyf 'k af wGukd ESv;kH om;xJrmS tNrw J rf; azmfxw k q f ifjcif
aeoifyh gw,fvYdk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Mo*kwf? 22? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk
a,m*D&JYtm;ig;yg;vdkh
ac:Edkifygw,f/ a,m*DrSef&if
,HkMunfrItm;? usef;rmrItm;
½dk;ajzmifUrItm;? &JY&ifUrItm;eJh
odjrifrItm;qdkwJU
tm;ig;yg;eJhjynfUpkH&ygr,f/
t&Sibf &k m; . . .
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;eJY jynfhpHk&if ntm;xkwf reuf
w&m;&Edik w
f ,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m;&Ekid w f ,fvYkd q&mawmf
wpfyg; a[mxm;wm zwfz;l ygw,fb&k m;? y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;
udk rodí ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifjrpfajc? &efuek jf rKd U/
'umarmifjrpfajca& ....
'umjrpfajc&JUar;cGe;f udk zwfvu
kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Siv
f ufxufwek ;f u xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ qifp;D cRe;f udik f
ynm&Sif ]aAm"drif;om;}udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
aAm"drif;om;u olY&UJ qGr;f auR;yGw
J pfcrk mS oHCmtm;vH;k
t&SifqE´m"du
qGr;f bkO;f ay;tjy;D jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd ar;cGe;f wpfck ar;avQmufz;l

ygw,f/
]jrwfpmG bk&m; ....? jrwfpmG bk&m;vdk q&mrsK;d &JU tqH;k trudk
&wJh &[ef;wpfyg;taeeJY b,favmufMumMum tm;xkw&f if
t&[wÅzv kd wf &m;xl;&Edik yf govJb&k m;? &[EÅmjzpfzYkd tcsed f b,f
avmufMumygovJb&k m;}
]rif;om;a& ....? 'Dae&mrSm oifu h k d igbk&m; jyefar;yg&ap?
oifEpS o f ufovdak jzaygh/ oifrif;om;u qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwfrmS
wpfzufurf;cwf uRr;f usiw f ,fr[kwv f m;}
]rSevf yS g? uRr;f usiyf gw,fb&k m;}
]'gqd&k if vlwpfa,muf qifp;D cRe;f ukid t f wwfoifcsiv f Ykd
oifq h aD &mufvmw,fqykd gawmh? olu oift h ay:rSma&m twwf
ynmtay:rSma&m ,HMk unfrrI &Sb d ;l ? tema&m*guvnf; rsm;vdu k f
ao;w,f? r½k;d rom;eJY [efaqmifvn S yhf wfwwfvu kd w f m
uvnf; rajymygeJYawmh? 'DMum;xJ vHkv0D&d,uvnf;
r&Sw d t h J jyif ÓPf uvnf; enf;ao;w,fav? uJ .... tJ'v D l
oifq h rD mS qifp;D cRe;f udik f twwf wwfajrmufEikd yf ghrvm;}
]jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeYMf um;wJh t*Fgig;csux f uJ wpfcsucf suf
eJYjiad ew,fq&kd ifuykd J tJ'v D l qifp;D cRe;f udik t f wwf rwwfEikd af wmh
ygbl;/ t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH eJYrsm; jiad evdYkuawmh b,frmS qdzk , G &f m&Sd
ygawmhrvJb&k m;}
t&SifqE´m"du
]vlwpfa,mufuawmh ,Hv k nf; ,HMk unfw,f? use;f

vnf; use;f rmw,f? [efaqmifvn S yhf wfjcif;vnf; uif;w,f?
vHv k 0D&, d vnf; Mu;D rm;wJt h jyif ÓPfvnf;xufjrufw,f?
tJ'g qd&k ifa&m}
]tJ'gqd&k ifawmh t*Fgwpfcsucf suef YjJ ynfph &kH ifuykd J qifp;D
cRe;f udik t
f wwfrmS uRr;f usio f mG ;Edik yf gw,fb&k m;? t*Fgig;csuv f ;kH
eJYom jynfph v kH Yku
d awmh twdik ;f xuftvGeaf yghb&k m;}
]tJ'v D ykd gyJ rif;om; ....? &[ef;wpfyg;[m ,HMk unfrI
vnf; &Srd ,f? use;f rma&;vnf; aumif;r,f? [efaqmifvn S yhf wf
jcif; vnf; uif;r,f? vHv k 0D&, d vnf; Mu;D r,f? ÓPfynmvnf;
xufjrufr,fq&k d if igbk&m;&JU tqH;k trtwdik ;f usiv h f Yk d tMumqH;k
ckepfEpS ?f tjrefq;kH wpf&uf twGi;f rSm t&[wÅzv kd w f &m;xl;
&Edik yf g w,f? &[EÅm jzpfEikd yf gw,f}
]wpf&ufqw kd m tomxm;vdu k yf gOD;? t*Fgig;csuef YjJ ynfh
pHw
k hJ &[ef;u igbk&m; qH;k rwJt h wdik ;f tm;xkwv f u kd rf ,fq&kd if
ntm;xkwf reufw&m;&Ekid yf gw,f? reuftm;xkwf nw&m;
&Edik yf gw,f}
ur®|mef;w&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkww f yhJ *k Kd¾vaf wG&UJ oEÅmef
rSmjynhpf &kH r,fh t*Fg&yfawGukd y"med,*Fw&m;vdYak c:ygw,f/ y"m
ed, = ur®|mef;tm;xkwo f ?l t*F = t*Fg? y"med,*F = ur®|mef;
tm;xkwo f \
l t*Fg/
t&SifqE´m"du
y"med,*Fw&m;ig;yg;udk ]a,m*D&UJ tm;ig;yg;} vdYk ac:

Edik yf gw,f/ a,m*DreS &f if ,HMk unfrt I m;? use;f rmrItm;? ½d;k ajzmifh
rItm;? &J&ifrh t I m;eJY odjrifrt I m;qdw k hJ tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph &kH ygr,f/
],HMk unfrt I m;} qdw k muawmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sief YJ jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Si&f UJ w&m;awmftay:rSma&m? ud, k &hf UJ yg&rD"mwfct H ay:
rSmyg tjynft h 0 ,HMk unfpw d cf sjcif;ygyJ/
]jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si[ f m trSew f &m;udk ud, k w f ikd v
f nf;odjy;D
olwpfyg;udv k nf; odatmif a[mEdik w f ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ
w&m;awmf[m vdu k ef musio hf ;kH olukd trSew f u,f aumif;usK;d jyK
Edik w
f ,f? ighrmS w&m;awmfeYJ xdu k w f efwhJ yg&rD"mwfcH aumif;
aumif;&Sw d ,f} vdYk pdwcf svufcs ,HMk unfwo hJ rl oS m ur®|mef;tm;
xkwrf I xda&mufEikd yf gw,f/
]use;f rmrItm;} qdw k muawmh tema&m*g Mu;D Mu;D us,f
us,af &m? ao;ao;i,fi,fyg uif;&Si;f jy;D ud, k cf pH rG ;f tm; awmifh
wif;cdik rf maejcif;ygyJ/ 0rf;rD; rxufveG ;f ç rEkv YH eG ;f bJ tv,f
tvwf jzpfae&ygr,f/ 0rf;rD;xufveG ;f &if cPcPqmjy;D 0rf;rD;
EkYv
H eG ;f &if tpmraMuwJt h wGuf w&m;tm;xkw&f mrSm pdwt f aESmifh
t,Sujf zpfwwfygw,f/
]½k;d ajzmifrh tI m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;w&m;tay:rSm
a&m? ur®|mef;q&mtay:rSmyg [efaqmifvn S yfh wfrI uif;&Si;f
jcif;ygyJ/ w&m;udk w&m;eJYwal tmif tm;rxkwb f J [efaqmifyef
t&SifqE´m"du
aqmif vltxifMu;D atmif vkyaf er,f? ur®|mef;q&mudv k nf;

trSet f wdik ;f w&m;ravQmufbJ r[kwrf [wf vkyZf mwfcif;jy;D
avQmufr,fq&kd if tJ'aD ,m*D[m ]ÓPfpOf} eJYa0;jy;D ]nmpOf} eJYyJ
nm;&ygvdrrhf ,f/
]&J&ifrh tI m;} qdw k muawmh ur®|mef;tvkyf aESmifah ES;ysuf
jym;oGm;apr,fh tysi;f "mwftm½krH eS o f rQukd &J&&J if&h ifh &ifqikd w f eG ;f
vSeEf ikd jf cif;ygyJ/ ]0D&, d } udak jymwmyg/ b,ftajctaersK;d rSmr
qdk ud, k v f yk &f r,ft h vkyu f kd aemufqw k &f yfwefYrypfbJ &J&&J if&h ifh
MuKd;yrf;tm;xkwEf ikd rf S ud, k v f &kd myef;wdik uf kd qduk af &mufEikd yf gw,f/
]odjrifrt I m;} qdw k muawmh ½kyw f &m;? emrfw&m;awG&UJ
tjrrJ jywf jzpfysuaf jymif;vJaewJh oabmobm0awGukd wpfqifh
Mum;tod? MupH nfpw d uf ;l todeYJ r[kwb f J ud, k af wGUrsuaf rSmuf
todeYJ ydik yf ikd Ef ikd Ef ikd f xd;k xGi;f odjrifEikd jf cif;ygyJ/ ud, k ½f rI w
S v
f u kd w f hJ
tm½k&H UJ jzpfysuo f abmudk odjrifjcif;eJYtwl rdrEd v S ;kH om;rSm ude;f 0yf
aewJh avmb? a'gopwJh udavomtpdik t f cJawGuv k d nf; azmuf
cGzJ suq f ;D ypfEikd pf rG ;f &S&d ygr,f/ edAmÁ efta&mufyYakd y;Edik af vmufatmif
odjrifrt I m;aumif;rS w&m;xl;w&m;jrwf &Edik yf gw,f/
tm;ig;yg;eJYjynfph w kH hJ a,m*Dy*k Kdv¾ [ f m 0dyóemusiphf Ofukd
jrwfpmG bk&m;nTeMf um;wJh enf;vrf;twdik ;f wpfoa0rwdr;f
vdu k ef m jyKusizhf Yakd wmh vkt d yfygw,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;u 'Dv½dk yI gqdk
ud, k u f [dv k ½kd rI ,f? jrwfpmG bk&m;u [dv k ½kd yI gqdk ud, k u f
t&SifqE´m"du
'Dv½dk rI ,fq&kd if awmh tm;ig;yg;eJY jynfph v kH nf; w&m;r&Edik yf gbl;/

a,m*Dtm; ig;yg;eJYvnf; jynfph rkH ,f? r[mowdy|mef
a'oemawmfrmS nTeMf um;xm;wJeh nf;vrf;twdik ;f vnf; wdwu d s
usvu kd ef mr,fq&kd ifawmh r*fzv kd ef Ad mÁ ef[m ud,k &fh UJ vufwpfurf;
rSmyJ &Sad erSmyg/ yg&rDtEkt&ifah y: rlwnfjy;D taES;eJYtjrefawmh
uGmrSmaygh/
wu,fawmh 'Dtm;ig;yg;[m ur®|mef;w&m;yGm;rsm;tm;
xkww f t hJ vkyrf mS om vdt k yfwmr[kwyf gbl;/ b0wd;k wufaMumif;
aumif;jrwfwhJ b,ftvkyrf sK;d rSmrqdk r&Srd jzpf vdt k yfygw,f/
b,ftvkyyf v J yk vf yk ?f ,HMk unfr?S use;f rmrS? ½k;d ajzmifrh ?S &J&ifrh S
(0D&,d &Srd )S ? odjrifrS (tajrmftjrifÓPf&rdS )S tJ't D vkyf atmifjrif
wd;k wufEikd yf gw,f/
a,m*Dtm;ig;yg;eJY 0dyóemw&m; tm;xkw&f if owd?
orm"d? ynmpwJh olawmfaumif;w&m; tm;awG xGuaf y:vmyg
w,f/ xGuaf y:vmwJh olawmfaumif;w&m;tm;awG pHcsed rf D jynh0f
oGm;wJh wpfaeY edAmÁ efcsr;f omudk rsuaf rSmufjyK&rSmygyJ/ ]tm;&Srd S
tm;xkwyf g? tm;xkwrf S tm;xGuyf gw,f} vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? pufwifbm? 5? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
rm&fewfudkwGef;vSefEdkifzdkhxuf
rm&fpdwfudkwGef;jzdKEdkifzdkhu
ydkjyD;ta&;MuD;ygw,f/
t&Sifbk&m; . . .
rm&fewfqo kd nfrmS oD;jcm;wnf&adS om ewfwpfyg;
r [kwb f J cE¨mud, k &f dS tm½kiH g;yg;udk ac:jcif;jzpfonf[k
xifyg onf/ [kwrf [kwf ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifpHvGif? r*Fvm'HkjrdKUe,f/
'umpHviG af & ....
'umpHviG &f UJ ar;cGe;f udzk wfvu kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Si&f UJ *kPaf wmfrsm;pGmxJu ]Zde*kPaf wmf} udk csucf si;f owd
&vdu k rf yd gw,f/ ]Zde} qdw k m ]rm&fig;yg;ukd atmifjrifawmfral om
jrwfpmG bk&m;} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/
]bke;f awmfajcmufyg;eJY jynfph akH wmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;}
vkYd trsm;pk odxm;MuwJh ]b*0g*kPaf wmf} &JU wjcm;t"dygÜ ,fwpf
ckuawmh ]rm&fig;yg;udk atmifjrifawmfral om jrwfpmG bk&m;} ygyJ/
rm&fqw kd m ]rm&} qdw k hJ ygVduae qif;oufvmwJh ygVd
oufjrefrma0g[m&wpfcyk g/ ]rm&} qdw k m ]aojcif;? aoapjcif;}
vdYk t"dymÜ ,f&ygw,f/ aowwfwo hJ abm? aoatmifowfwwf
t&SifqE´m"du
wJoh abmudk rm& (rm&f) vdYk ac:ygw,f/ ] towform;} vdYyk J

qdyk gawmh/ vluk d owfwh J rm&fuk d ]vo l wform;}? pdwu f k d owfwh J
rm&fukd ]pdwo f wform;} vdYk ac:Edik yf gw,f/
vluv kd nf; owf? pdwu f v kd nf; owfwwfwhJ rm&fu
ig;yg;&Syd gw,f/ a'0ykwrÅ m&f? udavorm&f? tbdocFg&rm&f?
cE¨rm&feYJ rpöKrm&fwYyk d gyJ/ a'0ykwrÅ m&fu ]ouf&rd S m&f} jzpfjy;D usew f hJ
rm&fav;yg;uawmh ]oufrrhJ m&f} jzpfygw,f/
]a'0ykwrÅ m&f} qkw d m tm;vH;k odMuwJh rm&fewfom;udk
ajymwmyg/ (a'0ykwÅ = ewfom;/) pwkr[m&mZf? wm0wðom?
,mrm? wkow d m? edrm® e&wD? y&edrw d® 0o0wÅv D Ykd ewfjynfajcmuf
xyf&w dS t hJ xJrmS txufq;kH ewfjynfjzpfwhJ y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wf
jynfu jzpfygw,f/
]rm&fewfrif;} vdYk olYukd ]rif;} wyfjy;D ajymMuayr,fh olu
y&edrw d® 0o0wÅeD wfjynfukd pd;k rd;k tkycf sKy&f wJh t"duy"meewfrif;
Mu;D r[kwyf gbl;/ t"dutMu;D qH;k ewfrif;u ]0o0wÅeD wfrif;}
&,fvYkd oD;jcm;&Syd gw,f/ rm&fewfuawmh tJ'eD wfjynf&UJ ]pifjyKd if
rif;} vdYk ajym&rSmaygh/ ]olyek Af v kd ?f "m;jyAdv k }f vdYk ajym&ifvnf; &
ygw,f/ ]vlq;kd *kP d ;f acgif;aqmif} .... tJav ....]ewfq;kd *kP d ;f acgif;
aqmif} vdYkajym&if ydrk eS rf ,fxifygw,f/ ]tzsuo f rm;*dP k ;f csKyf
Mu;D } ayghaemf/
rm&fewfu oH;k q,fw h pfbu kH kd olY&UJ ykid ef ufvYkd owfrw S f
t&SifqE´m"du
xm;ovdk avmuDtm½ku H mr*kPcf sr;f omawGuv kd nf; olY&UJ ud, k f

ydik yf pön;f awGvYkd ,lqxm;ygw,f/ umr*kPMf uKd uw f ohJ wÅ0gawG
udak wmh olY&UJ bufawmfom;? olY&UJ ygwD0ifawGvYkd todtrSwjf yK
xm;ygw,f/
olYyikd ef ufjzpfwhJ oH;k q,fw h pfbrkH mS olYtoif;0ifjzpfwhJ
owÅ0gawGukd olyikd yf pön;f jzpfwahJ vmuDtm½ku H mr*kPcf sr;f om
awGeYJ cHpm;arGUaysmaf eMuwmyJ oljrifcsiyf gw,f/ oHo&musif
vnfaMumif;tvkyaf wG vkyw f mudyk o J El pS jf cKd ujf y;D oHo&mvGwf
ajrmufaMumif;tvkyaf wGvyk w f mudak wmhov l ;kH 0rabmrusygbl;/
&[ef;yk*Kd v¾ yf jJ zpfjzpf? vly*k Kd v
¾ yf jJ zpfjzpf? yk*Kd v ¾ wf pfa,muf
a,muf oHo&mjywfaMumif;tvkyv f yk jf yq D w kd meJY rm&fewfu tJ'D
yk*Kd ¾vf tJ't D vkyf rvkyEf ikd af tmif aESmif, h u S zf suq f ;D awmhwmygyJ/
olY&UJ aESmif,
h u S rf aI tmifjrifomG ;&if tJ'yD *k Kd¾vf oHo&mu
rvGwaf wmhygbl;/ oHo&mu rvGw&f if b0rsm;pGm xyfumxyf
um ao&ygOD;r,f/ tJ'v D kd ao&wm[m rm&fewfaMumifjh zpfvYkd
aoatmifvyk &f ma&mufwhJ rm&fewfukd ]rm& = rm&f = owfjzwf
ol? n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufo}l vdYak c:ygw,f/
]udavorm&f} qdw k muawmh wpfaxmifih g;&m udav
omw&m;awGukd ajymwmyg/ avmb? a'go? rmefrme? £óm?
rpä&, d tp&Sw d hJ udavomw&m;awG[m olwYu kd kd vufcx H m;ol
&JUpdwu f kd ylavmifatmif? npfErG ;f atmif? yifyef;qif;&Jatmif
t&SifqE´m"du
n§O;f yef;ESyd pf ufwwfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifah &m? olwY&kd adS eorQ oHo&m
u rvGwb f J wpfaownf; aoae&OD;rSm jzpfwt hJ wGuaf Mumifh
a&m udavomw&m;awGuk d ]rm& = rm&f} vdYk ac:ygw,f/
]tbdocFg&rm&f} qdw k muawmh jyKvyk t f m;xkwx f m;wJh
ukov kd u f ?H tukov kd u f aH wGuk d ajymwmyg/ (tbdocFg& = jyKvyk f
tm;xkwrf /I ) ukov kd u f aH Mumifh aumif;wJo h *k wdb0a&mufr,f/
tukov kd uf aH Mumifh raumif;wJh 'k*w ¾ b d 0a&mufr,f/ b,fb0
yJa&mufa&muf? a&muf&mb0rSm ao&rSmjzpfwt h J wGuf b0topf
xyfjzpfapwJh ukov kd u f ?H tukov kd uf ?H uHreS o f rQukd ]rm& =rm&f}
vdYk ac:ygw,f/
]cE¨rm&f} qdw k muawmh ½kycf E¨mud, k Mfu;D ygyJ/ b,f½yk cf E¨m
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aqG;wJh pdwq f if;&Jr'I PfeYv J nf; ESyd pf ufwwf? vm;&m*wdaumif;
zdYk raocsmvdYk ylyefwhJ aMumuf&UHG rI'PfeYv J nf; ESyd pf ufwwfvYkd
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t&SifqE´m"du
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tdrk if;&Gww f jG y;D avmurSm oH;k r&wJt h &G,u f srS vky&f r,ft h vkyf
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wJv h al wG avmurSm trsm;Mu;D &Srd ,f xifyg&JU/)
jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfwt hJ cgrSmvnf; ....
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w&m;awG? 'óeawGeYJ pdw"f mwfppfqifa&;vkyjf y;D aESmif, h uS f
wm rsm;ygw,f/ wapäo&l aJ ,mifaqmifjy;D ajcmufveS Yw f mrsK;d ?
qifMurf;a,mifaqmif? a>rMurf;a,mifaqmifjyD; jyL;wl;jyJwJ
ajcmufveS YfwmrsK;d vnf; &Sad v&JU/
jrwfpmG bk&m; bk&m;jzpfr,fh naewke;f uawmh vuf½;Hk
tm;? vufeuftm;? ppfonfAv dk yf g tjct H &Htm;awG tMu;D t
us,o f ;kH jy;D tjyif;txef aESmif, h u S cf yhJ gw,f/ rkew f ikd ;f vufeuf?
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tarSmif wdu k v f ufeuf? vufeufMu;D ud;k rsK;d ? aemufq;k H tPkjrLAk;H
xuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm jyif;xefwhJ rd;k MuKd ;pufvufeuf/
jrwfpmG bk&m;[m bk&m;jzpfwahJ eYrmS yJ aAm"dyifeYJ a&Tyv’if
rSm rm&fig;yg;udk t<uif;rJh atmifjrifawmfrcl yh J gw,f/ a'0ykwrÅ m&f
udak wmh arwÅmwefc;kd ? yg&rDawmfwefc;kd eJYatmifjrifawmfrcl yhJ g
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udavorm&feYJ tbdocFg&rm&fukd atmifjrifjcif;tm;jzifh atmif
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rvdak wmhb;l aygh/
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p½duk yf g/ tckacwfrmS olwpfyg;aumif;wmvkyw f mudk aESmif, h u S f
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ax&0g'ppfppfxrJ mS [d0k g'a&mxnf?h 'D0g'a&mxnfeh YJ tkwaf &m
a&m ausmufa&ma&m jzpfatmifvyk o f ?l omoemjyKvyk if ef; wd;k
wufatmifjrifru I kd aESmifah ES;atmif vkyo f al wGukd ]rm&fewfawG}
vdYk wifpm;jy;D ac:Edik yf gw,f/ rm&fewfawGvYkd rwifpm;csib f ;l qdk
&ifvnf; ]rm&fewf&UJ ygwD0ifawG} vdYk >cif;csurf &Sd owfrw S Ef ikd f
ygw,f/
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aqmif;yg; tifwmAsL;*sme,frmS ygvmjy;D aemufyikd ;f wcsKUd vli,f
awGu ]tcspt f aMumif;av;awG xyfa&;ygOD;} vkYd awmif;qdv k m
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tck rm&fewftaMumif;ajym&if; pum;pyfvYkd ]tcsp}f udk
t&SifqE´m"du
t"dymÜ ,fwpfrsK;d zGiyhf g&ap/ tcspq f w

kd m wPSm? wPSmqdw k m
udavom? udavomqdw k m rm&f? 'Dawmh tcsp[ f mvnf; rm&f
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udk rqdv k ykd gbl;/ tJ't D cspu f awmh wpfzufom;&JU aumif;usK;d udk
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wJph w d f "mwfawG? tuefYtowfrhJ b0wd;k wufraI wGukd aESmifah ES;
&yfwefY csKyq f ;k H oGm;apwJt h &m[m tcspyf gyJ} vdYk t"dymÜ ,f zGiq h f &k d if
tcspf rSm aysm0f ifepfjrKyw f rd ;f rl;axG,pfcsiw f hJ tcspMf u;D olawG
pdwrf sm; qd;k avrvm;/ ]aeq,fpif;xuf jyif;w,f? rif; rm&fewf
rif;&JU orD;vm;} qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,f? ]rif; ighukd owfw,f}
qdw k hJ oDcsi;f pmom;&,fukd oGm;&if;vm&if; Mum;zl;ovdv k ykd gyJ/
rm&fewf&UJ tEÅ&m,fxuf rm&fpw d f ( udavompdw)f &JU
tEÅ&m,fu ydjk y;D aMumufp&maumif;wmrdYk rm&fewfukd wGe;f vSef
Edik zf Yx
kd uf rm&fpw d u f kd wGe;f jzKEd ikd zf Yu
kd ydjk y;D ta&;Mu;D ygw,fvYkd ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
”«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? pufwifbm? 19? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
vlrIa&;r[kwfwJU
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&[ef;awmfrsm;udv k nf; jrifawGaY e&ygí em;rvnfEikd yf gaom
aMumifh oHo,&Si;f atmif ajzMum;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
armifbek ;f jrif?h vomjrKd Ue,f/
'umbke;f jrifah & ....
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kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ 0gwGi;f
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k rf yd gw,f/
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vH;k taMumif;ay:&if ay:ovdk c&D;oGm;vmavh&MdS uygw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
&[ef;awmfrsm; tcdserf a&G;? Owkra&G; c&D;oGm;vmaeMuwmudk

vl0wfaMumifawGu uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sMuygw,f/
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bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;awmfawGu wdwad¦ wGeYJ iSuaf wGavmuf
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rSwf 0gqdak wmfrcl MhJ u&ygw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
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vjynfah eYtxdjzpfjy;D ? 'kw, d 0gu 0gacgifvjynfah usmw f pf&uf
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[m vqef;(7)&ufaeYrmS ud, k ahf usmif;ud, k f jyefa&muf&ygw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
vlYavmurSm n(12)em&Dausm&f if aemufwpf&ufpayr,fh 0denf;

avmurSmawmh t½kPw f ufjy;D rSom aemufwpf&ufpwJt h wGuf
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S m &[ef;awmfrsm; 0gwGi;f
t&SifqE´m"du
rSm 0gyefjy;D ckepf&ufwm c&D;<uaumif;ygw,f/

wpfcak om 0gwGi;f umvrSm oHCmawmfawG pkaygif;ae
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f mqd&k if bmudpaö Mumifyh yJ ifyh ifh 0gyef
jy;D <uaumif;ygw,f/
]ryifb h oJ mG ;cGi}hf rSm &[ef;wpfyg; ruse;f rrmzsm;emae
w,f? omoemhabmifrmS raysmaf rGUbJ ysi;f &daew,f? 0denf;ukuKúpö
(0denf;oHo,) jzpfaew,f? t,lrmS ;aew,f? Mu;D av;wJ0h ed nf;
tjypfoifah ew,f .... ponftm;jzifh taMumif;w&m; q,fyg;
wpfyg;yg; jzpfaew,fq&kd if um,uH&iS u f <uvmzdYk ryifrh zdwf
vnf; ud, k bhf momud, k f 0gyefjy;D <uaumif;ygw,f/ vlemjyKpk
jcif;? omoemhabmifrmS aysmaf rGUzdYk tm;ay;pum;ajymjcif;? 0denf;
oHo,ajz&Si;f ay;jcif;? w&m;pum;ajymay;jcif; ponf jyKvyk af y;
t&SifqE´m"du
Edik yf gw,f/
omraP (ud&k if) awGrmS ruse;f rmjcif;? raysmaf rGUjcif;?
&[ef;cHvjkd cif;qdw k hJ taMumif;oH;k yg; wpfyg;yg; &Sv d m&ifvnf;
um,uH&iS u f &kd ifu yifyh ifrh yifyh if?h 0gyefjy;D <uaumif;ygw,f/
'umbke;f jrifah & ....
'D0gwGi;f jy;D cJw h hJ 0gacgifvjynfah eYwek ;f u &efuek rf mS
OD;Zif;&JU crnf;awmfeYJ r,fawmfu pmoifwu kd wf pfcu k toufEpS f
q,fjynfu h &kd ifwpfyg;udk ypön;f av;yg;'umcHjy;D &[ef;cHay;cJMh u
ygw,f/ tJ'&D [ef;cHyu JG kd crnf;awmfu OD;Zif;udk <uvmapcsif
ygw,f/ ol&[ef;cHay;r,fh ud&k ifukd om;OD;Zif;ud, k wf ikd f ur®0g
zwfjy;D cs;D ajrm§ ufapcsiw f ,faygh/
0gwGi;f rSm ud&k ifwpfyg; &[ef;cH&if &[ef;cHupd t ö wGuf
ulnaD qmif&u G af y;zdY?k odYrk [kwf ur®0gzwfay;zdY?k odYrk [kwf odrf
0ifoC H mjynfah tmif jznfah y;zdYkqw kd &hJ nf&,G cf suaf wGeYJ b,forl S
ryifzh w d vf nf; 0gyefjy;D <uaumif;w,fvYkd jrwfpmG bk&m; rdeYMf um;
xm;wJt h wGuf ]OD;Zif;<u&if um;vmMuKd r,f} vdYk zke;f qufwhJ
crnf; awmfukd zke;f xJuaeyJ ]um;vmMuKd &if OD;Zif;<ur,f} vkYd
uwday; vdu k yf gw,f/
'gayrJh oGm;ryifzh Ykd uefYuu G yf w
d yf ifwo hJ al wG ay:vmvdYk
xifyg&JU/ &efuek u f ae oxHu k kd um;vmrMuKd ygbl;/ &efuek u f
um;vmMuKd ryS J oGm;r,fvYdk qH;k jzwfxm;wJt h wGuf &[ef;cHyu JG kd
t&SifqE´m"du
OD;Zif;r<ujzpfvu kd af wmhygbl;/ trSeu f awmh b,forl S vmryifh

vnf; <uaumif;ygw,f/ <ujcif;aMumifh bmtjypfrS rjzpfygbl;/
bmtmywfrS roifyh gbl;/
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taz&if;? tar&if;qd&k ifawmh ryifzh w d v f nf; <uaumif;ygw,f/
nD? tpfu?kd tpfr? ESr? aqGrsK;d ? uyÜ, d ? a0,sm0pöu& ponfwYk d
qd&k ifawmh yifzh w d rf yS J <uaumif;ygw,f/
0gyefjy;D c&D;<uwmeJYywfoufvYkd tus,o f cd si&f ifawmh
0denf;r[m0gygVdawmfeYJ t|uxmawGrmS &SmazGavhvmEkid yf g
w,f/
wu,fawmh 0denf;qdw k m &[ef;omraPawGom od
oifw h m r[kwyf gbl;/ vl0wfaMumifawGvnf; odoifyh gw,f/
'grSom ]wynfv h rd m® q&mtmywfvw G }f qdw k phJ um;twdik ;f om
oemjyKvyk if ef;awGukd tyftyfpyfpyfeYJ ESYHEYpSH yfpyfaqmif&u G Ef ikd yf g
vdrrhf ,f/ 0denf;eJYtnDvyk w f hJ &[ef;awmfawGukd 0denf;em;rvnf
bJ &rf;orf;uJ&h UJ rdvYkd &vmr,fh tukov kd t
f jypfq;kd rsK;d awGuvnf;
vGwaf jrmufEikd yf gvdrrhf ,f ...vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? atmufwdkbm? 17? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
b,favmufaumif;wJUtvkyfudkyJvkyfvkyf
qefhusifbuftzsuform;qdkwm
&SdwwfpjrJjzpfvdkhb,folawG
b,fvdkyJzsufzsufudk,fvkyfoifUvkyfxdkufwJU
tvkyfaumif;awGudkbmtaMumif;aMumifUrS
aemufrqkwfbJjrefjrefxufxuf
oGufoGufvufvufvkyfoGm;zdkhta&;MuD;ygw,f/
t&Sib f &k m; . . .
t&Sib f &k m;&JU arwÅm&dyaf tmufrmS wynfah wmf 'kvb ’
&[ef;vm0wfr,fqw kd modawmh wcsKUd rdwaf qGawGu ]0gwGi;f Mu;D
'kvb
’ r0wfaumif;bl;} vdYk ajymMuygw,fb&k m;/ wynfah wmf
b,fvq kd ;kH jzwf&rvJqw kd m rdeMYf um;ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
tu,f'rDp;kd ol? &efuek jf rKd U/
'umpk;d ola& ....
'umpk;d ol&UJ ar;cGe;f udk zwfvu
kd &f w,fq&kd ifyJ jrwfpmG
bk&m;&Sif vufxufwek ;f u 0gwGi;f Mu;D &Si&f [ef;jyKcsicf whJ hJ 0dom
cg&JU ajr;i,fav;udk csucf si;f owd&vdu k rf yd gw,f/
wpfcak om 0gwGi;f umvwke;f u om0w¦jd rKd UrSm 0gqkd
oDwif;oH;k wJo
h CH mawmfawG wnDwnGww f nf; uwdu0wfwpf
t&SifqE´m"du
ck jyKxm;Muygw,f/ b,fvu kd wdu0wfvq J adk wmh ]'D0gwGi;f rSm

b,foYu l rk d S &SijfyK &[ef;cH vkyrf ay;Mupwrf;} qdw k h J uwdu0wf
yg/
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awmif;yefygw,f/
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vkyrf ay;&bl;vdYk &[ef;oHCmawmfawG uwdu0wf jyKxm;Mu
w,fu, G ?f 'Dawmh 'umav; 0guRww f t h J xd apmifq h ik d ;f vku
d yf gOD;
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av;}
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csr;f ajrUpGm ausmif;awmfu jyefvmcJyh gw,f/
0gvuif;vGwo f wD if;uRwjf yq
D wkd meJY 0domcg&JU ajr;i,f
udk &[ef;oHCmawmfawGu ]vmav 'umav;? ouFe;f qnf;jy;D
&SijfyK&[ef;cH vkyMfu&atmif} vdYk owdw&eJY wul;wu vmajym
Muygw,f/
tJ't D cg 0domcg&JU ajr;i,fu ....
]t&Sib f &k m;wdYk ....? ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d x f ufoefjyif;jyae
t&SifqE´m"du
wJh 0gwGi;f wke;f uom ouFe;f 0wfjzpfcrhJ ,fq&kd if tckavmufqkd

bk&m;wynfah wmf omoemhabmifrmS taysmMf u;D aysm?f tarGUavsmf
Mu;D arGUavsmaf erSm aocsmygw,fb&k m;? tckawmh bk&m;wynfh
awmf ouFe;f 0wfcsipf w d f r&Sad wmhwt hJ wGuf r0wfawmhygbk&m;?
tJ't D wGuf bk&m;wynfah wmfukd cGiv hf w T af wmfryl gbk&m;}
vdYk &[ef;oHCmawmfawGukd olouFe;f r0wfjzpfawmhwhJ
taMumif; w½dw k ao avQmufxm;vdu k yf gw,f/
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odomG ;a&m? 0domcgu &[ef;oHCmawmfawGukd tMu;D tus,f
uJ&h UJ ½Iwcf sygawmhw,f/
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bl;} vdYyk ?J wu,fqk d b,ftcsed f b,fumvrSmyJjzpfjzpf w&m;u
usifhoifhwmyJr[kwfvm;? w&m;rusifhoifhwJh tcsdeftcg
umv&,f vkYd &Sv d Yvkd m;}
0domcg&JU tjypfwifpum;udk &[ef;awmfawG Mum;awmh
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd jyefvnfavQmufxm;Muygw,f/ tJ'rD mS jrwf
pGmbk&m;&Siu f tckvkd odum© yk'w f pfck ynwfawmfrv l u kd yf gw,f/
]0gwGi;f rSm b,foYu l rkd S &Si&f [ef;rjyKay;&bl;qdw k hJ uwd
u0wfrsK;d &[ef;rSeo f rQ vH;k 0rjyKvyk &f bl;? jyKvyk w f &hJ [ef; 'ku#ú f
tmywfoifah p}
t&SifqE´m"du
'Davmufqkd 'umpd;k ol oabmaygufavmufygjyaD emf/

0gwGi;f rSmvnf; &Sijf yKaumif;ygw,f/ &[ef;cHaumif;ygw,f/
0gwGi;f rSm &Sijf yKvY?kd &[ef;cHvYkd bmtjypfrS rjzpfygbl;/ &Sijf yKray;
wJ&h [ef;? &[ef;cHray;wJh &[ef;om tjypfjzpfygw,f/ tmywf
oifyh gw,f/
0gwGi;f rdYq
k jdky;D &Sijf yK&[ef;cHvyk rf ay;wJh &[ef;awGrmS tm
ywfoifo h vdk 0gwGi;f rdYk &Sijf yK&[ef;cHrvkyyf geJYO;D vdYk wm;jrpfwhJ
vlawGrmS vnf; wpfzufom;&JU ukov kd &f ayguf tcGit hf vrf;udk
ydwyf if&m a&mufwt hJ wGuf tjypfjzpfygw,f/ rodem;rvnfvYkd
wm;jrpfrw d ohJ u
l kd ]"r®E&Å m,fxu kd w
f ,f} vdYak vmufyJ ajymoifah y
r,fh odem;vnfyg&ufeYJ trke;f w&m;tajccHjy;D tqd;k jrif0g'eJY
&Sijf yK&[ef;cH rvkyjf zpfatmif aESmif, h uS [ f efYwm; ydwyf ifwm;jrpf
wJo h u l akd wmh ]omoemzsurf m&fewf} vdYk >cif;csurf &Sd owfrw S f
vdYk &ygw,f/
'umpd;k ola& ....
'umpd;k ol OD;Zif;qDrmS ouFe;f vm0wfr,fqw kd m Mum;
awmh pdwx f m;wwfoal wG? pdwaf umif;arG;Edik o f al wGu *kP, f l
0rf;ajrmufMu? ulnt D m;ay;Mu? ukov dk yf aJG tmifjrifa&;twGuf
MuKd wifjyifqifMueJY tm;wufoa&m &Sad eMuoavmuf pdwx f m;
rwwfoal wG? pdwaf umif;rarG;Edik o f al wGuawmh uh&J UJ ½Iwcf sMu?
acs;ajcmufa&ESL;jy;D tjypfazmfr&hJ UJG Mu? ukov kd yf rJG atmifjrifatmif
t&SifqE´m"du
yd w f y if w m;jrpf M ueJ Y tuk o d k v f w &m;awG w d k ; yG m ;jyD ;

pdwEf vS ;kH ylavmif rnf;npfaeMuygw,f/
]tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufukd 'kvb ’ &[ef; 0wfray;oifh
bl;} wJh ..../
]tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufu bke;f Mu;D wpfyg;eJY tckvk d vm
jy;D rywfouf rqufqo H ifbh ;l } wJh ..../
]bke;f Mu;D u tEkynm&Siw f pfa,mufeYJ tckvykd wfouf
qufqw H mudk vH;k 0rMuKd ub f ;l } wJh ..../
bk&m; ....bk&m; .... em;&Sv d Ykdom Mum;&w,f ....
r,HEk ikd pf &m ygyJvm; ....? 'Dpum;rsK;d ajymxGuw f v hJ al wGrmS
vlpw d rf &S MdSuao;&JU vm; .... om;orD;csi;f ud, k cf si;f pmempdwf
acgif;yg;vScsnv f m;..../ odyu f kd tHMh ovGe;f rdygw,f 'umpd;k ol/
wu,fawmh 'Dvpkd um;rsK;d ajymxGuw f v
hJ al wG[m vlr
qefwv hJ al wG? twÅMu;D rm;jy;D wpfu, kd af umif;qefwv hJ al wG? t&m
&mudk tqd;k jrif0g'eJY tysujf rifwwfwv hJ al wG? ud,k cf si;f pmw&m;
acgif;yg;wJv h al wG? ud, k t
hf wGut f usK;d &Srd S wpfzufom;udk aygif;
oif;qufqw H wfwhJ rdwaf qGw?k rdwaf qGa,mifawGqw kd m
oHo, jzpfp&mr&Syd gbl;/
omoemhabmifukd tEkynm&Siaf wG 0ifa&mufciG rhf &Sb d ;l
vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; ynwfrxm;ygbl;/ tEkynm&Siyf jJ zpfjzpf? tEk
ynm&Sirf [kwo f yl J jzpfjzpf? rnforl qdk omoemhabmif 0ifa&muf
t&SifqE´m"du
cGi&hf ydS gw,f/

bke;f Mu;D &[ef;awGu tEkynm&Siaf wGukd &Sijf yK&[ef;cH
vkyrf ay;&bl;? 'um&if;? 'umr&if;awGtjzpf rqufqH rcs;D
ajrm§ uf&bl;? w&m;"r® a[mMum;jyoray;&bl;vdYv k nf; jrwfpmG
bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;ygbl;/ vlom;tm;vH;k tay: wlrQwh J arwÅm
pdwef YJ vdt k yfovdk cs;D ajrm§ ufapmifah &SmufzYkyd J a[mMum;qH;k rxm;
ygw,f/ vlawGukd tqift h wef;cGjJ cm;jy;D qufqcH s;D ajrm§ ufwmudk
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jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;xm;wJh bke;f Mu;D &[ef;awG t
uRr;f w0ifrqufqo H ifw
h yhJ *k Kd¾vrf sm;pm&if;rSmvnf; tEkynm&Sif
awG rygygbl;/ jynfw h efqmr? rkq;kd r? tysKMd u;D ? eyH;k y@Kuw f Yykd J
ygygw,f/ 'gawmif olwY&kd UJ 'gejyKciG ?hf w&m;emcGiu hf kd ydwyf if
rxm;ygbl;/ vdt k yf&if vdt k yfovdk cs;D ajrm§ ufzYkd cGijhfyKxm;ygw,f/
vlxu J vljzpfwhJ tEkynm&Siaf wGukd wjcm;vlawGvykd J
vlvo kd abmxm;jy;D q&mawmfoC H mawmfawGu arwÅmu½kPm
tjynfeh YJ w&m;"r®t&dyaf y;&if; cs;D ajrm§ ufapmifah &SmufMuwmudk
rvdrk ek ;f xm;pdwef YJ rausreyfjzpfaeMuolawGtaeeJY bk&m;&Si&f UJ
tEkynm&Sif O*¾aoecRwcf ef;? vlowform; t*kv F rd mvcRwcf ef;?
oD&rd mjynfw h efqmrcRwcf ef;? tazowfjy;D eef;vkot l Zmwowf
cRwcf ef; pwmawGukd &SmazGzwf½MI unfzh Ykd wdu k w
f eG ;f csiyf gw,f/
bk&m;om;awmfrYkd bk&m;twkvu kd jf y;D bk&m;vdk arwÅm?
t&SifqE´m"du
u½kPmpdwaf rG;MuwJh bk&m;om;awmf &[ef;awmfawG&UJ arwÅm?

u½kPmudk bk&m;om;awmfr[kww f hJ vl0wfaMumif 'um'umr
awGu b,fvrkd S em;vnfcpH m;vdY&k rSmr[kwyf gbl;/ pdwo f abm
xm;jynf0h ol vlwcsKUd uvG&J ifaygh/
tEkynm&Siaf wG &[ef;oHCmxH csO;f uyfciG hf r&Sb d ;l ?
ukov kd af umif;rIjyKciG hf r&Sbd ;l ? w&m;"r®em,lusio hf ;kH cGihf r&Sb
d ;l vdYk
vnf; jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;ygbl;/ tEkynm&Sirf [kww f hJ
wjcm;vlawGvykd J csO;f uyfciG ?hf jyKciG ?hf em,lusio hf ;kH cGihf tjynht f 0
&Syd gw,f/
tEkynmavmurSmyJjzpfjzpf? wjcm;avmurSmyJjzpfjzpf?
aumif;wJo h &l o
dS vdk qd;k wJo
h v l nf;&Sw
d mygyJ/ pif;vH;k acsmaumif;wJh
ol&,fvYkd r&So d vdk pif;vH;k Murf;qd;k wJo
h &l ,fvYkv d nf; r&Syd gbl;/
vlwpfa,mufwnf;rSmudk taumif;tqd;k 'Gew f aJG ewmyg/ qd;k ol
awG aumif;cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vm;/ qd;k uGuaf wGukd azsmufzsujf y;D
aumif;uGuaf wGeYJ tpm;xk;d cGihf r&Sad wmhb;l vm;/
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ omoemawmf[m qd;k olawGukd
aumif;cGiahf y;jy;D aumif;olawGukd aumif;oxufaumif;cGiahf y;
xm;wJh rGerf eG jf rwfjrwf omoemawmfMu;D qdw k mudk vH;k 0rarhapcsif
ygbl;/ vlUtvTmwpfcck &k UJ rlyikd o f moemr[kwb f ;l qdw k mudk tNrJ
owdcsyaf pcsiyf gw,f/ omoemu rlyidk rf [kwo f vdk omoemh
0efxrf; &Si&f [ef;awGuvnf; b,fow l pfO;D wpfa,muf&UJ rS rlyikd f
t&SifqE´m"du
r[kwyf gbl;/ tm;vH;k eJY oufqikd w f hJ trsm;qdik ?f bHq k ikd af wGyg/

0domcghajr;i,fav;&JU tcsed rf &D iS &f [ef;jyKciG rhf &vdYk o'¨g
w&m; aysmufu, G q f ;kH ½I;H oGm;yHu k v kd nf; oifcef;pm,loifyh gw,f
'umpk;d ol/ aumif;rIuo k v kd t f vkyq f wkd m vkycf sipf w d f xufxuf
oefoef&w dS ek ;f jrefjrefou G o f u G f xvkyv f u dk rf S xajrmufatmif
jrifwwfygw,f/ taMumif;wpfcck jk yjyD; tcsed q f aJG er,fq&kd if
rvkyjf zpfawmhbJ vGaJ csmo f mG ;wwfygw,f/
'ghaMumifh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f ....
]aumif;rIuo k v kd t f vkyaf wGukd jrefjrefxufxuf jyKvyk f
Muyg/ rdr&d UJ pdwu f kd raumif;rItukov kd af wGuae jrefjrefxuf
xuf wm;jrpfvu kd Mf uyg/ aumif;rIuo k v kd f tvkyaf wGukd jznf;
jznf;aES;aES; vkyaf eol&UJ pdw[ f m raumif;rIrmS yJ arGUavsmaf ysmyf u kd f
wwfygw,f} vdYk rdeYMf um;awmfrcl yhJ gw,f/
b,favmufaumif;wJt h vkyu f ykd J vkyv f yk ?f qefYusihf
buf tzsuo f rm;qdw k m &Sw d wfpNrjJzpfvY?k d b,foal wG b,fvyk d J
zsuzf suf ud, k vf yk o f ifv h yk x f u kd w f hJ tvkyaf umif;awGukd bm
taMumif;aMumifrh S aemufrqkwb f J jrefjrefxufxuf oGuo f uG f
vufvuf vkyo f mG ;zdYt k a&;Mu;D ygw,f/ tJ'v D k d vkyEf ik d rf S vlyo D wJh
vljzpfjy;D Ak'o ¨ moemeJY awGU&usK;d eyfygw,f .... vdYk ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? atmufwdkbm? 3? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&Sibf &k m; ....

oufowfvw G f pm;jcif;jzifh ukov kd &f Edik ?f r&Edik Ef iS hf t
om;pm;jcif;jzifh tukov dk jf zpfEikd ?f rjzpfEikd wf t Ykd m; ajzMum;ay;
yg&ef ½dak opGm avQmufxm;tyfygonfb&k m; ..../
Adv
k rf ;I rsK;d OD;? &efuek jf rKd U/
'umrsK;d OD;a& ....
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f y|mef;a'oemawmfMu;D rSm ]tpm;t
pmuvnf; vlwpfa,mufukd ukov kd jf zpfatmif? odYrk [kwf tuk
odv k jf zpfatmif aus;Zl;jyKEikd w f ,f} vdYk a[mMum;awmfrx l m;yg
w,f/ ]Oyedó,ypöa,m} qdw k hJ y|mef;ypön;f &JU tzGirhf mS yg/
Oyedó,ypö,owÅd (tm;Mu;D aomrS&D mtaMumif;w&m;pGr;f tif)
eJY aus;Zl;jyKEikd w f ,fvYdk qdv k ykd gw,f/
tpm;tpmwpfcak Mumifh vlwpfa,mufrmS ukov kd pf w d f
vnf; jzpfEikd o f vdk tukov kd pf w
d vf nf; jzpfEikd yf gw,f/ ukov kd f
pdwjf zpfatmif ESv;kH oGi;f jy;D pm;&if ukov kd pf w d jf zpfEikd jf y;D tukov kd f
pdwjf zpfatmifEv S ;kH oGi;f jyD;pm;&if tukov dk pf w d jf zpfEikd yf gw,f/
tpm;tpmoufoufaMumifh ukov kd pf w d ?f tukov kd pf w d f
jzpfwm r[kwyf gbl;/ tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k ol&UJ ESv;kH oGi;f aMumifh
om ukov kd pf w
d ?f tukov kd pf w d f jzpf&wmyg/
tpm;tpmuawmh olYcsn;f oufouf ukov kd pf w d jf zpf
atmifvnf; rpGr;f aqmifEikd o f vdk tukov dk pf w d jf zpfatmifvnf;
t&SifqE´m"du
rzefw;D Edik yf gbl;/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;vdu k v f Ykd

tvkv d akd e&if;ukov kd af wG &roGm;Edik o f vdk tom;ig;tpm;tpmudk
pm;vdu k v f Yv kd nf; tvum;ae&if; tukov kd af wG jzpfroGm; Edik yf g
bl;/tpm;tpm[mtpm;tpmygyJ/ukov kd ?f tukov kd [f m ukov kd ?f
tukov kd yf gyJ/ wjcm;pDyg/ wdu k ½f u dk f ywfoufjcif;r&Syd gbl;/
]tpm;tpmu ukov k d ?f tukov k d f jzpfatmif aus;Zl;jyKEik d f
w,f} qdw k mu tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k aeol&UJ pm;oH;k aeqJrmS
jzpf aewJh pdwt f ajctae&,f? tpm;tpmudk pm;oH;k jy;D aemuf
pm;oH;k olrmS jzpfay:vmr,fh ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f m tusK;d oufa&mufr&I ,f?
tJ'D ½kyyf ik d ;f qdik &f m tusK;d oufa&mufru I k d tajccHwh J aemufqufwJ G
vky&f yfawG&,fukd &nf&, G jf y;D ajymwmyg/ tpm;tpma&G;cs,rf I
oufoufaMumifh ukov kd ?f tukov kd jf zpfw,fvYkd ajymwm r[kwf
ygbl;/
oufowfvw G yf pJ m;pm;? oufowfrvGwyf pJ m;pm;? bm
0emwpfcck k yGm;&if; pm;&if ukov kd pf w d jf zpfjy;D ukov kd &f ygw,f/
bm0emwpfcck yk mG ;&if; pm;aeol&UJ oEÅmefrmS pm;aeqJtpm;tpm
eJYywfoufjy;D ]aumif;vdu k wf m} qdw k ahJ vmb? ]raumif;bl;}qdw k hJ
a'go jzpfciG rhf &wJt h wGuf tukov kd pf w d u f if;&Si;f aeygw,f/ rdrd
yGm;wJh bm0emeJY vdu k af vsmnDaxGwhJ ukov kd pf w
d jf zpfaewJt h wGuf
tpmpm;&if; ukov kd &f aeygw,f/
oufowfvw G yf J pm;pm;? oufowfrvGwyf J pm;pm;
t&SifqE´m"du
avmb? a'gopwJh udavomawGeYJ pm;ae&if tpmpm;&if; tuk

odv k pf wd af wGjzpfjy;D tukov kd w f &m;awG wd;k yGm;aeygw,f/ ud, k f
pm;aeqJ tpm;tpmeJYywfoufwhJ avmb? a'goyJjzpfjzpf? tpm
pm;&if; olrsm;taMumif;? wjcm;taMumif;awG;vdYk jzpfvmwJh avm
b? a'goyJjzpfjzpf? avmb? a'gorSeo f rQ tukov kd af wGcsn;f
ygyJ/
vlwpfa,muf oufowfvw G f tpm;tpmwpfcu k kd pm;
aew,fqyk d gpdY/k ][,f ..? tom;wk[if;av;u&S,yf ?J tom;[if;
tppfeYaJ wmif rvJEikd b f ;l ? aumif;vdu k w
f m} qd&k if oufowfvw G f
pm;&if; avmbudavomeJY tukov kd pf w
d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/
][Ge;f ....? 'DaeY oufowfvw G pf m;rSe;f od&ufom;eJY [if;udk
aumif; aumif;csurf xm;bl;? wpfcgvm uefpeG ;f &Gu?f wpfcgvm
yJyif ayguf? odypf w d n f pfwmyJ} qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if;
a'go udavomeJY tukov dk pf wd af wG jzpfaeygw,f/
][if;....[if;? igrdYv k Yk d oufowfvw G pf m;Edik w
f m? [dak umif
awG [dak umifrawG ighvkd oufowfvw G pf m;Edik w
f m r[kwb f ;l }
qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if; rmeudavomeJY tukov kd pf w
d af wG
jzpfaeygw,f/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;rS arwÅmorm;? oufowf
vGwpf m;wm ukov kd &f w,f? igawmh 'DaeY oufowfvw G pf m;vdYk
ukov dk af wG awmfawmf&oGm;jy}D qd&k if oufowfvw G pf m;&if; 'd|d
udavomeJY tukov kd pf w
d af wG jzpfaeygw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
'gu tpm;tpmeJY wdu k ½f ukd yf wfoufwhJ tukov kd pf wd f

awGyg/ oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;ae&if; olrsm;taMumif;
awG;jy;D avmb? a'go jzpfaer,f? wjcm;taMumif; awG;jy;D
£óm? rpä&, d jzpfaer,fq&kd ifvnf; oufowfvw G pf m;&if; t
ukov kd pf wd af wG wd;k yGm;aewmygyJ/
oufowfvw G t f pm;tpmudk pm;vku d ½f eHk YJ vlwpfa,muf
[mtvkv d akd e&if; ukov kd &f roGm;ygbl;/ ukov kd pf w d ef YJpm;rS
ukov kd f &Edik yf gw,f/ ukov kd pf w d u f vnf; oufowfvw G f
tpm;tpm aMumifh rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/ bm0emwpfcck yk mG ;rsm;jcif;?
avmb? a'go pwJh udavomrjzpfatmif ESvHk;oGif;
qifjcifjcif;aMumifyh J jzpfEikd f ygw,f/
]oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vky[ f m ukov kd t f vkyyf }J ? ]ouf
owfvw G pf m;&if ukov kd &f w,f} vdYk ,lq&if tJ't D ,ltq[m
rdpmä 'd|d (rSm;,Gi;f wJt h jrif) ygyJ/ bmvdYv k q J adk wmh oufowfvw G f
pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ ukov kd rf &Edik v f Yykd g/ oufoufvw G tf pm;tpm
u pm;oH;k olukd tvdt k avsmuf ukov kd rf ay;Edik v f Yykd g/
oufowfvw G t f pm;tpm pm;½keH YJ ukov kd &f w,fq&kd if
oufowfvw G rf pm;wJo h al wG tpmpm;jyD;tcsKw d nf;wJt h aeeJY
iSuaf ysmoD;? o&ufo;D pm;aewJt h csed rf mS vnf; ukov kd &f aerSmaygh/
t&uform;awG t&ufaomufae&if; tmvl;aMumf? ajryJ avSmf
jrnf;aewJh tcsed rf mS vnf; ukov kd &f aerSmaygh/ tJ'gawGtm;vH;k
t&SifqE´m"du
oufowfvw G tf pm;tpmawGyJ r[kwv f m;/

oli,fcsi;f ig;a,muf xrif;0dik ;f zGUJ pm;Muw,f qdyk gpkYd/
wpfa,mufu oufowfvw G o f rm;? useaf v;a,mufu tpHk
pm;orm;? oufowfvw G o
f rm;u toD;t&Guaf wGyJ pm;w,f/
tpHpk m;orm;awGu toD;t&Guaf &m? om;ig;awGa&m pm;Mu
w,f/ a&mufwwf&m&m [dt k aMumif;ajym? 'DtaMumif;ajym&if;
wpfa,mufeYw J pfa,muf pMu? aemufMueJY waysmw f yg; pm;Mu
w,f/
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w,f/ pMuaemufMu? ajymMuqdMk ueJY waysmw f yg; pm;aeMuwm
qdak wmh oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;kH taysmpf w d af wG? avmbpdwaf wG
jzpfaeMuwmaygh/ uJ ....oufowfvw G pf m;wJh oli,fcsi;f ukov kd f
&a&mvm;/ tpHpk m;wJo h il ,fcsi;f awGyJ uGujf y;D tukov kd jf zpfa&m
vm;/ r[kwb f ;l aemf/ tm;vH;k twlwyl /J
tukov kd t
f aMumif;awG ajym&if; tukov kd pf w d af wGeYJ
pm;&if oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;kH tukov kd f twlwjl zpfygw,f/
ukov dk t
f aMumif;awG ajym&if; ukov kd pf wd af wGeYJ pm;&if
oli,fcsi;f ig;a,mufv;k H ukov k d f twlwjlzpfygw,f/ oufowf
vGwo f rm;u tpHpk m;orm;awGxuf acgif;wpfv;kH ydjk rifjh yD;
ukov dk yf rkd &ovdk tpHpk m;orm;awGuvnf; oufowfvw G f
orm;atmuf acgif;wpf vH;k ydek rd jhf y;D tukov kd rf jzpfEikd yf gbl;/
t&SifqE´m"du
tpm;tpmrwlayr,fh pdwcf si;f wl&if ukov kd ?f tukov kd f

jzpfyckH si;f twlwyl gyJ/ tpm;tpmwlayr,fh pdwcf si;f rwl&ifuo k v kd ?f
tukov kd jf zpfyckH si;f uGjJ ym;ygw,f/ tpm;tpmu t"durusbJ
pdwu f t"duusygw,f/ bmyJpm;pm;? ukov kd pf wd ef YJ pm;&if
ukov kd jf zpfjy;D tukov kd pf wd ef YJ pm;&if tukov kd jf zpfygw,f/
oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov kd rf &bl;qdw k mudk tar;
tajzyHpk aH v;eJY wpfrsK;d ajymMunf&h atmifyg/
]oufowfvw G pf m;wmeJY tom;ig;pm;wm? bmpm;wm
u ukov dk &f vJ}
]oufowfvw G pf m;wmu ukov kd &f wmaygh}
]aumif;jy?D 'gqdk xyfar;r,f? vdar®mo f ;D pm;wJo h el YJ yef;oD;
pm;wJo h ?l b,fol ukov kd &f vJ}
]b,forl S ukov kd rf &bl;}
][if ....? ckeajymawmh oufowfvw G pf m;wm ukov kd &f
w,fq?kd vdar®mo f ;D a&m yef;oD;a&m oufowfvw G af wGyJ r[kwf
vm;? oufowfvw G pf m;wm ukov kd &f pwrf;qd&k if vdar®mo f ;D pm;
ola&m? yef;oD;pm;olyg ESpaf ,mufv;kH ukov kd &f aerSmaygh}
][J .... [J.... 'guawmh ....}
]'Davmufqkd oabmaygufygw,faemf}
oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov kd rf &Edik of vdk tom;ig;pm;½kH
eJYvnf; tukov dk rf jzpfEikd yf gbl;/ tom;ig;pm;½keH YJ tukov kd jf zpf
t&SifqE´m"du
w,fvYkd ,lq&if jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f v kd nf; tukov kd pf w

d jf zpfao;
w,fvYkd pGypf &JG ma&mufygw,f/ bmvdYv k qJ adk wmh jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif
u tom;ig;ukd bkO;f ay;awmfrv l Yykd gyJ/
tom;ig;bkO;f ay;ayr,fh jrwfpmG bk&m;&JU oEÅmefrmS tuk
okv d pf wd f vH;k 0rjzpfawmhygbl;/ bmvdYv k qJ adk wmh tukov kd pf w d f
jzpfapEkid w f hJ udavomawGukd t&[wÅr*feYJ t<uif;rJh y,fowf
xm;jyD;jzpfvYkdyg/
'gudk axmuf½jI cif;tm;jzifh ]tpm;tpmaMumifh ukov kd ?f
tukov kd f jzpfwmr[kwb f ;l ? udavomy,fjcif;? ry,fjcif;
aMumifo h m ukov kd ?f tukov kd f jzpfwm} qdw k m xif&mS ;ygw,f/
udavomy,fzYu kd akd wmh rMuKd;pm;bJ tpm;tpmy,fzYu kd ykd J MuKd;pm;
aer,fq&kd ifawmh vrf;rSm;avQmufaewmjzpfwt hJ wGuf pcef;rSe?f
yef;wdik rf eS u f kd b,fvekd nf;eJYrS ra&mufEikd af wmhygbl;/
ukov kd &f w,ftxifeYJ oufowfvw G pf m;aeolawGukd
rd;k ukwq f &mawmfb&k m;Mu;D u ]tawmf0#fMu;D wJo h al wGy}J vdYk u
½kPmoufawmfrcl zhJ ;l ovdk "r®'w l q&mawmfMu;D uvnf; ]0#fa<u;
&Sv
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vGwf pm;olwikd ;f udk &nf&, G jf y;D rdeYaf wmfrMl uwm r[kwyf gbl;/
ukov kd &f w,ftxif? uHaumif;vdrrfh ,ftxifeYJ oufowfvw G f
pm;aeMuolawGuo kd m &nf&, G jf y;D rdeYfawmfrMl uwmyg/
'umrsK;d OD;a& ....
t&SifqE´m"du
pme,fZif;awGxu J tEkynm&Sirf sm;&JU tifwmAsL;tar;

tajzawGrmS yJjzpfjzpf? jyifyavmurSm rdwaf qGtcsi;f csi;f awGUqHv k Ykd
wpfa,mufeYJwpfa,muf ar;MuajymMuwJt h cgrSmyJjzpfjzpf ....
]bmoma&;taeeJY bmawGvyk jf zpfv}J
qdw k ahJ r;cGe;f udk ....
]arG;aeYwikd ;f oufowfvw G pf m;jzpfygw,f}
]0gwGi;f oH;k vwdik ;f oufowfvw G pf m;ygw,f}
vdYk ajzMum;Muwmudk rMumcP zwfz;l ? Mum;zl;ygw,f/
wu,fawmh oufowfvw G pf m;wm[m bmoma&;
tvkyf r[kwyf gbl;/ wjcm;bmoma&;awG&UJ tvkyaf wmh
[kwfcsif [kwfygvdrfhr,f/ ax&0g'Ak'¨bmoma&;&JU
tvkyu f awmh vH;k 0 r[kwyf gbl;/
ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfa,muf vkyo f ifv h yk x f u kd wf hJ
ukov kd &f aMumif; tvkyaf wGxrJ mS oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vkyf
vH;k 0 rygygbl;/ ]oufowfvw G pf m;wJt h vky[ f m ukov kd t f vkyf
vdYk jrwfpmG bk&m; a[mMum;rxm;bl;}vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/
ax&0g'Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfa,muf vkyo f ifv h yk x f u kd wf hJ
ukov dk &f aMumif;tvkyaf wGu q,frsK;d &Syd gw,f/ pGeYMf uaJ y;urf;
vSL'gef;jcif; 'getvky?f ud, k Ef wI v f eG uf sL;rIapmifx h ed ;f jcif; oDv
tvky?f pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwfymG ;xHjk cif; bm0emtvky?f touf
odum© *kP0f gMu;D olu½kd akd ojcif; typm,etvky?f ukov kd u f pd ö
t&SifqE´m"du
ulnv D yk af qmifjcif; a0,sm0pötvky?f ud, k u hf ok v kd f olwpfyg;

rQa0jcif; ywÅ'd getvky?f olwpfyg;ukov kd f ud, k f 0rf;ajrmufjcif;
ywÅmEkarm'etvky?f olawmfaumif;w&m;emMum;jcif; "r®ó0e
tvky?f olawmfaumif;w&m;a[majymjcif; "r®a'oemtvkyef YJ
t,ltjrifajzmifrh eS jf cif; 'd|Zd u k r®tvkyw f Ykjd zpfygw,f/
tJ't D vkyq f ,frsK;d udk ]yknMu, d 0w¦Kq,fyg;} vdYk ac:yg
w,f/ ]ukov kd v f vdk m;olwikd ;f jyKoifjh yKxu kd w f hJ csr;f ompD;yGm;awG&UJ
wnf&mq,fyg;} vdYk qdv k ykd gw,f/ vd&k if;uawmh ]ukov kd &f
aMumif; tvkyfq,frsKd;}aygh/ tJ'D tvkyfq,frsKd;xJu
b,ftvkyu f ykd J vkyv f yk f ukov kd &f Edik yf gw,f/
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xJrmS wpfyg;tjzpf jrwfpmG bk&m; xnfo h iG ;f a[mMum;awmfrcl rhJ mS
yg/ oufowfvw G pf m;½keH YJ ukov dk rf &Edik v f Ykd jrwfpmG bk&m; a[m
Mum;awmfrrlcw hJ mudk txl;owdjyK&ygr,f/
wpfacwfwpfcgwke;f u &[EÅmvdYk xif&mS ;ausmMf um;cJw h hJ
]bke;f awmfMu;D OD;oDv} [m oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;wJq h &mawmf
Mu;D wpfyg;jzpfygw,f/ bke;f awmfMu;D eJYtwlaejy;D bke;f awmfMu;D vdk
yJ oufowfvw G pf m;ygr,fvYkd avQmufxm;vmwJh &[ef;awmf
wpfyg;udk q&mawmfMu;D u ....
]wdYrk sm; oufowfvw G pf m;aewmudk ukov kd jf zpf usiahf e
t&SifqE´m"du
w,fvYrkd sm; rxifvu kd yf geJYu, G ?f oGm;emoufomvdYk pm;aewm

yg}
vdYk ½d;k ½d;k &Si;f &Si;f rdeYfMum;awmfrcl zhJ ;l ygw,f/
oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;udk ukov kd uf siphf Ofwpfc?k olawmf
aumif;usiphf Ofwpfcv k Ykd rSm;,Gi;f pGm xifrw S , f q l oGm;rSmpd;k vdYk q&m
awmfMu;D u yGiyhf iG v hf if;vif; rdeYfMum;awmfrv l u dk w
f myg/
rSeyf gw,f/ oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;[m ukov kd u f siphf Of
wpfcrk [kwo f vdk olawmfaumif;usiphf Ofwpfcv k nf; r[kwyf gbl;/
oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;aMumifh ukov kd v
f nf; &roGm;Edik o f vdk ol
awmfaumif;vnf; jzpfroGm;Ekid yf gbl;/
twdwf omoem0ifrmS a&m? ypöKyeÜ f omoem0ifrmS yg
oufowfvw G bf Ok ;f ay;wJh q&mawmfMu;D awG &SMd uygw,f/ olwYkd
[m ]uo k vd k &f w,f} qdw k h J cH,cl suef YJ oufowfvw G f bkO;f ay;Mu
wm r[kwyf gbl;/ olwYrkd mS jzpfcw hJ ?hJ jzpfaewJh tema&m*gawGu
tom;ig;eJY rwnfv h Y?kd olwY&kd UJ use;f rma&;u toD;t&Guef YrJ S
tqifajyvdYk tema&m*geJY use;f rma&;udk iJjh y;D oufowfvw G f
bkO;f ay;awmfrMl uwmyg/
vlwpfa,mufeYw J pfa,muf cE¨muk, d af oG;om; wnf
aqmufyckH si;f rwlnMD uwJt h wGuf cE¨mud, k uf awmif;qdw k hJ tm
[m&vdt k yfcsucf si;f vnf; wpfa,mufeYw J pfa,muf rwlnMD uyg
bl;/ wcsKUd u toD;t&Guaf vmufyJ pm;½keH YJ tm[m&rQwjy;D use;f
t&SifqE´m"du
rmMuovd?k wcsKUd uawmh toD;t&Guaf &m? tom;ig;yg tpHpk m;

rS tm[m&rQwjy;D use;f rmMuygw,f/
toD;t&Gupf m;½keH YJ use;f rma&;tqifajywJh olawGu
toD;t&Guyf pJ m;jy;D ]oufowfvw G o f rm;b0} cH,yl ikd cf iG &hf o dS vdk
tpHpk m;rS use;f rma&;tqifajywJo h u l vnf; tpHpk m;jy;D ]tpHpk m;
orm;b0} cH,yl ikd cf iG &hf ydS gw,f/ vlom;wdik ;f rSm ud, k pf m;vdw k hJ
tpm; tpmudk vGwv f yfpmG a&G;cs,yf ikd cf iG &hf ydS gw,f/ ud, k Mf uKdu&f m
ud,k f pm;wm vlYobm0yJ r[kwv f m;/
b,ftpm;tpmudyk J a&G;cs,af &G;cs,?f tm[m&rQwjy;D
tema&m*guif;&Si;f zdY?k use;f rmzdYu k t"duygyJ/ use;f rmrS tvkyf
vkyEf ikd rf ,fr[kwv f m;/ use;f rmwJh cE¨mud, k ef YJ ukov kd t
f vkyf
vky&f if ukov kd wf &m; wd;k yGm;jy;D tukov kd t
f vkyv f yk &f if tukov kd f
w&m; wd;k yGm;ygvdrrhf ,f/ 'gudk &nf&, G jf y;D awmhyJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Sif
u ]tpm;tpmu ukov k d f okYrd [kw?f tukov k d jfzpfatmif aus;Zl;
jyKw,f} vdYk rdeYMf um;awmfrcl w hJ myg/ tpm;tpmoufoufaMumifh
ukov kd ?f tukov dk jf zpfw,fvYkd qdv k w kd mr[kwyf gbl;/
vlYpw d qf w kd muvnf; odyq f ef;Mu,fygw,f/ (qef;
Mu,fvYv kd nf; pdwv f Yakd c:wmyg/ pdwf = pdwÅ = qef;Mu,faom
t&m) wcsKUd u oufowfvw G pf m;rS ukov k d pf w d af rG;Edik jfy;D ukov kd f
tvkyv f yk Ef ikd yf gw,f/ ukov dk pf wd w f ikd ;f udak wmh r[kwyf gbl;/
wcsKUd ukov kd pf w d af wGuykd g/
t&SifqE´m"du
&uftuefYtowfeYJ oufowfvw G pf m;aewJh vli,f

'umwpfa,mufukd ]oufowfvw G pf m;wm bmtusK;d xl;vJ} vdYk
ar;Munfah wmh ....
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pum;udv k nf; vdrn f mjy;D rajymjzpfawmhb;l ? txl;ojzifh t&uf?
bD,mvH;k 0raomufjzpfawmhb;l ? tom;ig;pm;cGirhf &awmh tjrnf;
raumif;awmhvY?kd [J ....[J ....}
vdYk &,f&,farmarm jyefajzcJyh gw,f/ olYtaeeJY tjrnf;
raumif;vdYk t&uf? bD,m raomufjzpfayr,fh tmvl;aMumf?
ajryJavSm?f tom;wkuif pwJh oufowfvw G f tjrnf;awGeYJ
t&uf? bD,m aomufaeMuwJh oufowfvw G f t&uform;awG
vnf; trsm;Mu;D &Syd gw,f/ oufowfvw G f pm;jy;D umr*kPf
azmufjyefaewJh 'koeaomawGvnf; 'keYJa';yg/
vlwpfa,muftwGuf oufowfvw G pf m;jcif;u ig;yg;
oDv vHjk cKH atmif apmifx h ed ;f jzpfzYkd wGe;f tm;ay;ayr,fh wjcm;vl
wpfa,muftwGuaf wmh tJ'v D k d jzpfcsirf jSzpfrmS yg/ oufowfvw G f
pm;jy;D ig;yg;oDvrvHw k o hJ al wG trsm;Mu;D &Syd gw,f/
b,fvykd jJ zpfjzpf oufowfvw G pf m;rS ukov kd pf w
d af rG;Edik f
jy;D ukov kd tf vkyv f yk jf zpfwo hJ al wGtaeeJY uk, d pf rG ;f Edik o
f avmuf
tcsed uf efYowfjy;D oufowfvw G pf m;wm obm0usygw,f/
t&SifqE´m"du
(rpm;&bl;vdYkrqdyk gbl;uG,/f ) oufowfvw G pf m;pm;? rpm;pm;

ukov kd pf w d af rG;Edik wf ohJ ?l ukov kd tf vkyf vkyjf zpfwo hJ al wGuawmh
]oufowfvw G rf }S &,fvYdk a&G;cs,af cs;rsm; (*s;D rsm;) aep&mrvdb k J
&&mtpm;tpmudk tqifoifo h vdk tukef pm;oH;k Edik yf gw,f/
bk&m;? &[EÅmawG? oDv? orm"d? ynmeJY jynfph w kH ohJ l
awmfaumif;? oljrwfavmif;Mu;D awG tom;ig; a&SmifMuOfawmf
rrlMuwmudk Munfjh cif;tm;jzifh tom;ig; pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ tuk
odvk f rjzpfEikd b f ;l qdw k m xif&mS ;jy;D om;yg/ tom;ig; a&Smifwm
olawmfaumif; tusiv hf Y, kd q l &if rdpmä 'd|d jzpfaMumif; ]tmr*E¨
okweÅ }f rSm jrwfpmG bk&m; wdu k ½f u kd af [mMum;xm;ygw,f/
tom;ig; pm;½ko H ufoufeYJ tukov kd f rjzpfEikd b
f ;l qdak y
r,fh tJ't D om;ig;u aemufcH ordik ;f aMumif; raumif;bl;qd&k if
awmh pm;oH;k olrmS tukov kd jf zpfEikd yf gw,f/ ]tpGe;f oH;k yg;} rvGwf
wJh tom;ig;udk pm;oH;k &if pm;oH;k olrmS ygPmwdygwuHxu kd jf y;D
tukov kd jf zpfygw,f/ &[ef;awmfrsm;qd&k ifawmh ygPmwdygwuH
xduk ½f rHk u 'ku#ú t f mywfyg oifyh gw,f/
tpGe;f oH;k yg; qdw k muawmh ]jrifjcif;} ]Mum;jcif;} eJY ],Hk
rSm;jcif;} wdYyk gyJ/ ]'Dtom;ig;[m ightwGuf &nfp;l jy;D owfxm;
wm? igpm;zdYk &nf&, G jf y;D owfxm;wm} vdYjk rifc&hJ if? odYrk [kwf
Mum;cJ&h if? odYrk [kwf ,Hrk mS ;oHo,jzpfc&hJ if tJ'D tom;ig;[m
tpGe;f oH;k yg; (wpfyg;yg;) rvGww f h J tom;ig; jzpfomG ;ygjy/D vH;k 0
t&SifqE´m"du
rpm;xdu k af wmhygbl;/ pm;&if tukov dk jf zpfygw,f/

vl0wfaMumifawGtaeeJY tpGe;f oH;k yg;vGw&f if b,ft
om;ig;udrk qdk vGwv f yfpmG pm;oH;k Edik cf iG &hf adS yr,fh &[ef;awmfrsm;
uawmh]tom;Mu;D q,frsK;d } udk vH;k 0a&SmifMuOfawmfrMl u&ygw,f/
ra&SmifbJ pm;rd&if oufqikd &f m tmywfoifjh y;D tukov dk jf zpfyg
w,f/
tom;Mu;D q,frsK;d uawmh ]vl? acG;? jrif;? qif? usm;?
usm;opf? jcaoF?h 0H? atmif;? a>r} wdY&k UJ tom;awGygyJ/ tom;
udo
k m rpm;aumif;wmr[kwyf gbl;/ olwY&k d UJ t½k;d ? ta&? taoG;?
tarG; bmudrk S toH;k rjyKaumif;ygbl;/ (qifp, G yf w
k ;D ? pyg;Mu;D
onf;ajcaq; ponfwYu kd kd &[ef;awmfrsm; vH;k 0 roH;k aumif;yg)
toH;k jyK&if tmywfoifjh y;D oH;k wdik ;f oH;k wdik ;f tukov kd w f &m;
wd;k yGm;ygw,f/
oufowfvw G yf J pm;pm;? MuKH &m&&myJpm;pm;? ta&;t
Mu;D qH;k uawmh pdwaf umif;&Szd Yk?d olawmfaumif;tvkyf vkyEf ikd zf Yked YJ
b0oHo&m0#fqif;&Ju tjy;D wdik v f w
G af jrmufzYykd gyJ/ ]MuKd u&f ma&G;
pm; vlYiEGm;} rjzpfapbJ? ]oif&h mpm;ol vlYxufv}l jzpfapzdYu k
t"duygyJ ....'umrsK;d OD;a& ..../
tyÜrma'e orÜma'x/
«tifwmAsL;*sme,f? Edk0ifbm? 7 ESifh 14? 2001»
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&SifqE´m"du
t&Sib f &k m; ....

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[m 0ufom;bkOf;ay;vdkY 0rf;avQmjyD;
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ay;awmfryl gbk&m;/
OD;at;ouf? oxHjk rKd U/
'umMu;D OD;at;oufa& ....
jy;D cJw
h hJ Zefe0g&Dv(9)&ufaeYu y&d,wÅpd moifwu kd w
f pf
ckrmS jyKvyk w f hJ OD;Zif;&JU arG;aeYtvSLyJu G kd ig;xyfurG ;f tu,f'rD
'um&efatmif a&mufvmcJyh gw,f/ jrefrmh½yk &f iS o f rdik ;f rSm wpfO;D
wnf;om&Sad o;wJh trsK;d om;Zmwfaqmif tu,f'rDqik g;qk&iS f
'um&efatmifukd ....
]xrif;0ifpm;jy;D jyv D m;? 'um&efav;MuKd uw f hJ 0ufom;
[if;vnf; ygw,fav} vdYak jymawmh olu ....
]wynfah wmf tck 0ufom;a&Smifxm;w,fb&k m;? t&rf;
0aevdYk}
vdYk &,f&,farmarm jyefajymygw,f/
cgwdik ;f 0ufom;pm;aeus a&Tyg&rDausmif;'umMu;D OD;
&Sed 0f if;udv
k nf; ck&ufyikd ;f 0ufom;a&SmifaewmawGUvdYk taMumif;
&if; ar;Munfah wmh ....
]wynfah wmf cE¨mud, k x
f rJ mS tqD"mwfawG odyrf sm;aevdYk
a&Smifwmygbk&m;? rpm;rjzpfwhJ tajctaersK;d MuKH &ifawmh enf;
t&SifqE´m"du
enf;yg;yg; pm;ygw,f}
vdYk jyefajzygw,f/
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MuKdu&f ufom;eJY cE¨mud, k ef YJ rwnfv h Yk d 0ufom;a&Smifoal wGvnf;&Sd
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p&maumif;ygw,f/ ud, k phf w d u f , kd f xde;f csKyEf ikd v f Yykd g/ ud, k w fh PSm
ud,
k yf ,fowfEikd v f Yykd g/ rMuKduv f Ykd a&Smifou l owd? ÓPfrygwJh
twGuf bmukov k d rf S r&ayr,fh rwnfv h Yk d a&Smifou l awmh owd?
ÓPfygwJt h wGuf txdu k t f avsmuf ukov kd &f ygw,f/
0rSmpd;k &drw f m[m vScsiv f Ykd qd&k ifawmh vScsiw f phJ w d [f m
t&SifqE´m"du
wPSmavmbpdwjf zpfwt hJ wGuf 0ufom;a&Smifaecku d rf mS ukov kd f

pdwrf jzpfawmhygbl;/ tqD"mwfrvGeu f b J J use;f rmaerS ukov kd f
tvky?f aumif;rItvkyaf wG vkyjf y;D trsm;tusK;d ? omoemhtusK;d
o,fy;kd Edik rf ,fqw kd hJ pdwef YJ 0ufom;a&Smif&ifawmh 0ufom;a&Smif
wdik ;f ukov kd pf w
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bm tpm;tpmudyk J pm;pm;? bm tpm;tpmudyk J a&Smif
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vScsi?f ycsi?f ajyjypfcsiw f m[m w&m;"r®½aI xmift h & tukov kd f
vdYq
k adk yr,fh avmu"r®½aI xmift h &uawmh vufcEH ikd pf &mobm0
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wdYk 0ufom;a&Smifw,f} qdw k muawmh avmu"r®½aI xmift h &yg
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wpfc?k okYrd [kwf taMumif;jycsuf rvSywJh vky&f yfwpfcu k k d jrwfpmG
bk&m;eJY ckw;Hk vkyjf y;D tumtuG,, f v l ukd w
f mygyJ/
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a&SmifwJholawG[m wu,fpifppfuawmh ewfudk;uG,fvdkY?
bm*kP d ;f nm*kP d ;f 0ifxm;vdYk 0ufom;a&SmifMuwJo h al wGyg/
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qdw k hJ taMumif;jycsuaf wGu rvSyawmh taMumif;jy
t&SifqE´m"du
csuf vSyatmif jrwfpmG bk&m;udk ckw;Hk vkyf toH;k csvu kd wf mygyJ/

]ewfu;dk uG,v f Ykd 0ufom;rpm;wmyg}
]b,f*P kd ;f 0ifxm;vdYk 0ufom;rpm;wmyg}
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olrS ruJ&h UJ Muygbl;/ ]½;d k om;vdu k wf m} qdjky;D cs;D awmif cs;D rGr;f Muyg
vdrOhf ;D r,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;eJY udik w f yk jf y;D ajzvduk af wmh ajzol&UJ
r½d;k om;rItwGuf ajzol[m &G&H mS pufqyk pf &m odyaf umif;oGm;
ygw,f/ taMumif;&if;udk rodbJ vd&k mqGJ ajzxm;wmrdYk ajzol&UJ
todÓPfenf;yg;rItwGuv f nf; ajzolukd oem;u½kPm ouf
Mu&ygw,f/
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yef;xdro f nfom; pkEO´ ygoumu jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd olY&UJ aetdrf
udk yifjh y;D qGr;f qufuyfvyk af uR;ygw,f/
jrwfpmG bk&m; aemufq;kH bkO;f ay;awmfr&l wJh tJ'q D rG ;f auR;
yGrJ mS txl;pDrcH sujf yKwx f m;wJh ]0ufysKo d m;[if;} ygygw,f/ rMu;D
vGe;f ? ri,fveG ;f ? tv,ftvwfjzpfwhJ awm0ufysKw d pfaumif&UJ
El;nho H rd af rGUwJh tom;awGukd [if;cwftarT;tMuKd if pHv k ifpmG eJY
teHYt&omtaumif;qH;k ? tqDMoZmtjynf0h qH;k jzpfatmif txl;
pDrcH sujf yKwx f m;wmyg/
tJ'D 0ufysKo d m;[if;udk jrwfpmG bk&m;wpfyg;wnf;om
bkO;f ay;awmfryl gw,f/ ewfawGu ewfMoZmxnfx h m;wJt h wGuf
t&SifqE´m"du
jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f vG&J if tJ'D 0ufysKo d m;[if;udk tpmaMuusuf

atmif acscsuEf ikd w f o hJ l wpfavmuvH;k rSm wpfO;D wpfa,mufrS
r&Sv d Yykd g/ jrwfpmG bk&m; bkO;f ay;jy;D wmeJY 0ufom;[if;useaf wGukd
wGi;f wl;jy;D ajrjrK§ yyf pfvu kd &f ygw,f/
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rMumcifrmS yJ jrwfpmG bk&m;&Si&f UJ ud, k af wmfrmS aoavmufatmif
jyif;xefwhJ ]0rf;aoG;oGeaf &m*g} Murf;wrf;pGm jzpfay:vmygw,f/
0ufom;[if;bkO;f ay;vdYk 0rf;aoG;oGew f m r[kwyf gbl;/
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av; aomufvu kd yf gOD;} qdjk y;D 0rf;avQmaq;awGukd a&m*gaysmuf
aq;tjzpf vdrn f mwdu k af uR;cJzh ;l ygw,f/
aq;q&mb0wke;f u jyKvyk cf w hJ hJ tJ't D ukov kd u f uH
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um&JUqGr;f udk bkO;f ay;jy;D rMumcifrmS tMu;D tus,f 0rf;awmfvm;
&ygw,f/
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csed ef YJwu kd qf ikd o
f mG ;wJt h wGuf ]0ufom;pm;vdYk 0rf;awmfvm;wm}
t&SifqE´m"du
vdYk ajymp&mjzpfomG ;wmyg/ wu,fvYkd tJ'aD eYrmS 0ufom;[if;

r[kwb f J qdwo f m;[if;? Muufom;[if; bkO;f ay;r,fq&k d ifvnf;
jrwfpmG bk&m; 0rf;awmfvm;rSmygyJ/ tom;ig;[if; vH;k 0 rygwJh
toD;t&Gu[ f if;? oufowfvw G [f if; bkO;f ay;r,fq&kd ifvnf;
jrwfpmG bk&m; 0rf;awmfvm;rSmygyJ/ bm[if;eJYyJ bkO;f ay;bkO;f ay;
0rf;awmfvm;jcif;qdw k hJ tukov kd t f usK;d ay;uae b,fvekd nf;eJY
rS rvGwaf jrmufEikd yf gbl;/
b,favmufuo k v kd tf iftm;Mu;D rm;wJo h yl jJ zpfjzpf rdrjd yK
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Edik pf rG ;f r&Syd gbl;/ ukov kd uf u H ukov kd t f usK;d ay;jy;D ? tukov dk u
f H
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f m;wJh tukov kd af w
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jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siv f ufxufwek ;f u a0omvDjrKd Uom; O*¾
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ESpo f ufjrwfE;kd zG,t f vSLawGxrJ mS jrwfpmG bk&m;&Siu f kd qD;oD;eJY
a&mcsux f m;wJh 0ufom;[if; vSLwJt h vSLvnf; yg0ifygw,f/
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bkO;f ay;awmfrcl zhJ ;l ygw,f/ 'gayrJh 0rf;awmfrvm;cJyh gbl;/
]jrwfpmG bk&m; 0ufom;pm;vdYk 0rf;awmfvm;jy;D y&deAd mÁ ef
t&SifqE´m"du
pH&w,f? 'gaMumifh 0ufom;udk wpfoufv;kH a&Smif&r,f? 'grS

r[kwf pGr;f Edik o f avmuf &uftuefYtowfeYJ a&Smif&r,f} qdw k hJ
vrf;nTecf su[ f m ewfu;kd uG,w f o
hJ al wG? 0dZmÆ vdvk ?kd bd;k awmfvkd
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hf jypfu, kd f zH;k uG,w f hJ
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k m todÓPf&o dS w
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w½kwrf [kww f o hJ yd yHÜ nm&Siaf wGvnf; 'keYJa';ygyJ/
odp&mtm;vH;k tuket f pifojd rifawmfrw l hJ jrwfpmG bk&m;
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t&SifqE´m"du(a&Tyg&rDawm&)
9 - 9 - 98
P
« 10 - 11 - 98 &ufaeYxkwf ay:jyLvm*sme,frS »
t&SifqE´m"du
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