Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition Widmaier Test Bank

Vanders Human Physiology 12th
Edition Widmaier Test Bank

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Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition Widmaier Test Bank
Chapter 02 - Chemical Composition of the Body
Chapter 02
Chemical Composition of the Body
Multiple Choice Questions
1. In an atom, the number of

A. Protons always equals the number of neutrons
B. Of protons always equals the number of electrons
C. Of neutrons always equals the number of electrons
D. Both protons always equals the number of neutrons and of protons always equals the
number of electrons are correct
E. All of the choices are correct
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2. An atom's identity is directly determined by

A. The number of electrons it has
B. The number of neutrons it has
C. The number of protons it has
D. The number of bonds it can form
E. Its atomic weight

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
3. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. They differ in the number of

A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons
D. Chemical bonds they can form

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2-1
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4. A covalent bond between two atoms is

A. Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom
B. Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom
C. The strongest of the chemical bonds
D. Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom and the
strongest of the chemical bonds
E. Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom and the
strongest of the chemical bonds

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
5. Ions are
A. Electrically neutral
B. Electrically charged
C. Formed by the gain or loss of protons from the nucleus
D. Electrically charged and formed by the gain or loss of protons from the nucleus
E. None of the choices are correct

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
6. When magnesium loses electrons to become an ion it forms

A. A covalent bond
B. A cation
C. An anion
D. A new element

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2-2
7. If a sports beverage advertises that it replaces the body's electrolytes, it will replace
A. Sugars that were broken down for energy
B. Ionic forms of mineral elements
C. Lipids that form the membranes of cells
D. Oxygen and gases used by metabolism
E. Vitamins
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
8. Of the major ions in the body, the only one that carries a negative charge is
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Hydrogen
E. Calcium

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
9. Free radicals
A. React rapidly with other atoms
B. Include hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide
C. Contain two electrons in the outermost orbital
D. React rapidly with other atoms and include hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide are correct

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
2-3
10. If a free radical reacts with another molecule the free radical will
A. Remove electrons from the other molecule
B. Form an unbreakable bond with the other molecule
C. Remove protons from the other molecule
D. Stabilize the other molecule

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
11. Electrolytes
A. Are ions
B. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
C. Are found in pure water
D. Both are ions and conduct electricity when dissolved in water are correct

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
12. Which of the following is not true of a polar chemical bond?

A. It is covalent
B. It is ionized
C. It has opposite electrical charge at each end
D. It has no net electrical charge
E. None of the choices are false
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
2-4
13. A polar molecule

A. Contains a significant proportion of polar bonds relative to nonpolar bonds
B. May contain ionized groups
C. Can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules
D. Contains a significant proportion of polar bonds relative to nonpolar bonds and may
contain ionized groups are correct

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
14. Hydrolysis
A. Involves removal of water molecules from larger molecules
B. Involves breaking of covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the resulting
ions to other molecules
C. Results in the breakdown of large molecules in the body
D. Both involves removal of water molecules from larger molecules and involves breaking of
covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the resulting ions to other molecules
are correct
E. Both involves breaking of covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the
resulting ions to other molecules and results in the breakdown of large molecules in the body
are correct

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
15. Consider the adage familiar to anyone who has observed oil spills in the ocean or has
made a salad dressing: "Oil and water do not mix." Which of the following helps explain this
observation?
A. Oil is hydrophobic
B. Oil is nonpolar
C. Oil is composed largely of carbon and hydrogen
D. Water is hydrophilic

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-5
16. Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules are called
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic
D. All of the choices are correct

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
17. Compounds A, B and C have molecular weights of 10, 50 and 100 respectively. If 5 grams
of each compound were put into 1 liter of water, which compound will have the greatest
molar concentration?
A. Compound A
B. Compound B
C. Compound C
D. All will have the same molar concentration
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
18. The pH of a solution

A. Is a measure of the concentration of H atoms in solution
B. Is a measure of the concentration of bound H+ ions in solution
C. Is a measure of the concentration of free H+ ions in solution
D. Increases as the acidity of the solution increases
E. Both is a measure of the concentration of free H+ ions in solution and increases as the
acidity of the solution increases are correct

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-6
19. Most of the body weight of an average young adult male is

A. Water
B. Protein
C. Minerals
D. Lipids
E. Carbohydrates

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
20. Organic molecules

A. Always contain oxygen
B. Always contain carbon
C. Are always macromolecules
D. Both always contain oxygen and always contain carbon are correct
E. Both always contain carbon and are always macromolecules are correct

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
21. Carbohydrates are

A. Composed of equal parts of C atoms and water molecules
B. The major organic molecules of the body
C. Nonpolar
D. Composed of equal parts of C atoms and water molecules and the major organic molecules
of the body

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-7
22. Glucose is a
A. Monosaccharide
B. Disaccharide
C. Polysaccharide
D. Glycoprotein
E. Phospholipid

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
23. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of
A. Cellulose
B. Starch
C. Triacylglycerol
D. Glycogen

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
24. Relative to carbohydrates, lipids

A. Contain fewer carbon atoms per molecule
B. Contain fewer oxygen atoms per molecule
C. Are more hydrophilic
D. Are less abundant in the body

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-8
25. Which of the following lipids have regulatory roles in the body?
A. Steroids
B. Eicosanoids
C. Triacylglycerols
D. Both steroids and eicosanoids are correct

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
26. Proteins are

A. Critically important for physiological processes
B. Composed of fatty acids
C. Composed of nucleic acids
D. Macromolecules with subunits linked by polypeptide bonds
E. Critically important for physiological processes and macromolecules with subunits linked
by polypeptide bonds

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
27. Protein conformation is

A. Independent of the sequence of subunits forming the protein
B. Dependent upon a combination of covalent and noncovalent bonds
C. Affected by interactions with water molecules
D. Independent of the sequence of subunits forming the protein and affected by interactions
with water molecules
E. Dependent upon a combination of covalent and noncovalent bonds and affected by
interactions with water molecules

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-9
28. Which of the following correctly describes the strength of the chemical bonds important in
protein conformation, from strongest to weakest?
A. Covalent, ionic, hydrogen, van der Waals
B. Ionic, covalent, hydrogen, van der Waals
C. Van der Waals, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
D. Covalent, hydrogen, ionic, van der Waals
E. Covalent, ionic, van der Waals, hydrogen

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
29. The covalent bond formed between two amino acids is called a(n)
A. Glycosidic bond
B. Peptide bond
C. Phosphodiester bond
D. Ester bond
E. Hydrolytic bond

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
30. Hydrogen bonding is very important in maintaining the structure of

A. Lipids
B. Nucleic acids
C. Proteins
D. Nucleic acids and proteins

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-10
31. Nucleic acids are

A. Macromolecules
B. Composed of nucleotides
C. Distinguished from each other in part by the composition of the sugar they contain
D. Macromolecules and composed of nucleotides

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
32. Adenosine triphosphate is a(n)

A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Protein
D. Nucleotide
E. Amino acid

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
33. The function of adenosine triphosphate is

A. To transfer energy in a cell
B. Catalyze chemical reactions
C. Store large amounts of energy within the cell
D. Act as a template for synthesizing lipids

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
True / False Questions
2-11
34. An atom is electrically neutral.

TRUE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
35. The mass of an atom is the sum of its protons and electrons.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
36. The atomic number of an element is given by the number of electrons in the atom.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
37. An atomic nucleus is electrically neutral.

FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
38. Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass.

TRUE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2-12
39. The atomic number of an element refers to the number of particles in its atomic nucleus.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
40. Twelve grams of C contains the same number of atoms as one gram of H.
TRUE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
41. The four most common elements in the body are hydrogen, carbon, calcium and oxygen.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
42. Important mineral elements in the body include Na, Ca and K.

TRUE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
43. Trace elements such as zinc and manganese are found in minute quantities in the body but
do not serve any known function.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2-13
44. The number of covalent bonds that can be formed by a given atom depends upon the
number of electrons present in the outermost orbit.
TRUE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
45. Nitrogen atoms can form a maximum of four covalent bonds with other atoms.
FALSE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
46. The shape of a molecule may change as atoms rotate about their covalent bonds.
TRUE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
47. All of the physiologically important atoms of the body readily form ions.
FALSE

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
48. Water molecules can form covalent bonds with other water molecules.
FALSE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-14
49. In a molecule of water, an oxygen atom forms a double bond with each of two hydrogen
atoms.
FALSE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
50. The carboxyl ion is an anion.

TRUE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
51. NaCl is a molecule formed by the covalent bonding of a sodium atom to a chlorine atom.
FALSE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
52. All covalent bonds are polar.

FALSE

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
53. During hydrolysis, hydrogen ions and hydroxyl groups are formed.
TRUE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-15
54. In general, polar molecules will dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar molecules
cannot.
TRUE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
55. Solutes that do not dissolve in water are called hydrophilic.

FALSE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
56. Molecules with both polar and nonpolar regions are called ambidextrous.
FALSE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
57. The molarity of a solution is a measure of the concentration of the solute.

TRUE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
58. A solution with a pH of 8 is more acidic than one with a pH of 3.

FALSE

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-16
59. Organic chemistry is the study of oxygen-containing compounds.

FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
60. Polysaccharides are polymers of sugar molecules.

TRUE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
61. Sucrose is called "blood sugar" because it is the most abundant carbohydrate in the blood.
FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
62. Triacylglycerol is one subclass of lipid molecules.

TRUE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
63. Saturated fats contain carbon atoms linked by double bonds.

FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-17
64. Cholesterol is a phospholipid.

FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
65. Glycoproteins are protein molecules with molecules of glycogen attached to the amino
acid side chains.
FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
66. The sequence of amino acids in a protein is known as the secondary structure.
FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
67. Protein molecules may consist of more than one polypeptide chain.
TRUE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
68. Substitution of one amino acid for another in a given protein will inevitably alter the
conformation of that protein to a significant degree.
FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
2-18
69. In DNA, thymine binds with adenine and cytosine binds with uracil.
FALSE

Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry
Fill in the Blank Questions
Use this table to answer the question:

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
70. What is the atomic mass of H?

1

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
71. What is the atomic mass of Na?

23

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
2-19
72. What is the total (net) charge of an atom of K?

0

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
73. What is the gram atomic mass of C?

12g

Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry
In the reaction R-COOH R-COO- + H+

COOH is the carboxyl group

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
74. COO- is the ________ ________.

carboxyl ion

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
75. H+ represents the ________ ________.

hydrogen ion

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
2-20
Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition Widmaier Test Bank
76. R refers to the _____________________.

remainder of the molecule

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
77. The symbol indicates that the process is (reversible/irreversible).

reversible

Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry
78. A neutral solution has a pH of ____________.

7.0

Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry
2-21
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Vanders Human Physiology 12th

Edition Widmaier Test Bank

Chapter 02 - Chemical Composition of the Body

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In an atom, the number of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. An atom's identity is directly determined by

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

3. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. They differ in the number of

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Visit TestBankDeal.com to get complete for all chapters

4. A covalent bond between two atoms is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

6. When magnesium loses electrons to become an ion it forms

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

12. Which of the following is not true of a polar chemical bond?

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

13. A polar molecule

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

18. The pH of a solution

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

19. Most of the body weight of an average young adult male is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

20. Organic molecules

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

21. Carbohydrates are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

24. Relative to carbohydrates, lipids

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

26. Proteins are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

27. Protein conformation is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

30. Hydrogen bonding is very important in maintaining the structure of

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

31. Nucleic acids are

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

32. Adenosine triphosphate is a(n)

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

33. The function of adenosine triphosphate is

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

True / False Questions

34. An atom is electrically neutral.

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

74. COO- is the .

75. H+ represents the .