NOTRE DAME-SIENA SCHOOL OF MARBEL, INC.

(Formerly Notre Dame of Marbel for Girls)

Alunan Ave, City of Koronadal, 9506 South Cotabato
Tel. No. (083)-228-2589 Mobile Nos. 0951-811-9113  0953-210-0445
www.ndssm.com  email: [email protected]; [email protected] “A Woman of Great Faith, Resolute Hope and
Steadfast Love; A woman for our Times”

Challenges of the Grade 10 Students Upon Choosing their Senior High School Track

A Research Proposal
Submitted to
The Faculty of the School
Notre Dame – Siena School of Marbel
Koronadal City, South Cotabato

In Partial Fulfilment
For the Requirements in III
Inquaries Investigation Immersion

Francis Mariel I. Dimagiba

Jose Ramon M. Lizada
John Albert D. Lao
Rhealyn Samson
Regina Botes

2023

1
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page………………………………………………………………….…………i

I. INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study……………………………………………………...……1

Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….……….3

Theoretical Framework……………………………………………………………..3

Significance of the Study……………………………………………….…….…….5

Scope and Delimitation……………………………………………………………..6

Operational Definition of Terms…………………………………………………….6

ll. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature…………………………………………………….…………......9

lll. METHODOLOGY

Research Design………………………………………………………………..…19

Locale of the Study…………………………………………………………..……19

Participants of the Study…………………………………………………………21

Research Instruments…………………………………………………………...…21

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Data Gathering Procedures………………………………………………………22

Data Analysis………………………………………………………………………24

Researcher’s Positioning…………………………………………………………24

Ethical Considerations………………………………………………………….…25

REFERENCES………………………………………………………………...….26

CHAPTER 1

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 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

These various tracks, strands, and specializations are designed to help you

determine which paths best suit your strengths, passions, and skills. Selecting the

appropriate Senior High School strand will help motivate you for your future career.

When you select a strand that interests you, studying becomes more enjoyable because

the strands are designed and specialized to match your interests. Furthermore, it

broadens your knowledge and skills while also exposing you to your chosen field of

study in preparation for college (Maestrecampo, 2018).

Choosing a senior high school strand is one of the most difficult decisions that

junior high students will face. It is critical because the strand they select will serve as

their training ground prior to entering college. This is in response to their various life

dreams and interests, which may change over time. Knowing and exploring one's field

of interest will nurture and assist one in landing on the right career track because these

factors play a critical role in determining a future career that suits them (Deil-Amen,

2011).

Senior High School Students needs a lot of professional advice especially, in

choosing theirtrack career. In this period students must be sure on the career that they

choose as a preparation for their future worthwhile occupations. Choosing the perfect

career that will fitis one of the most important and crucial decision that every students

2
has to make. This can bea measure were there an individual that will be successful in

the future or not. At this Ageself-realization is very important, try-outs, and choosing the

right track is the first step.Students must go through an intricate process of career

selection in which they must consider factors that will affect their overall decision such

as sociodemographic profile, socioeconomic status, parents, job opportunities,

academic performance, personal interest, and many other aspects to forcefully be open-

minded of what they will encounter in the not-too-distant future (Moneva & Malbas,

2019)

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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to identify the factors affecting the track preferences of

Grade 10 students

1.How does the senior high school students choose their track prefenreces?

2. How does the challenges affect the track preferences of the senior high

school students.

3. How do these challenges affect the participants upon choosing academic

track?

4. How do the participants overcome or make solutions to this challenges?

5. How can this affect the future careers of Grade 10 Students?

Theoretical Framework

The theory of academic performance (ToP) emanates from Elger (2007),

and the author described ‘perform’ as an ability to produce a valued result and

‘performer’ as an individual or a group that engages in collaboration while the

level of performance as the location in an academic journey. According to Elger

(2007), there are six components of performance levels, and they are: level of

knowledge, levels of skills, level of identity, personal factors, and fixed factors

and proposed three axioms for effective performance as performer’s mindset,

immersion in an enriching environment, and engagement in reflective practice

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 Gottfredson’s theory, occupational aspirations are a reflection of one’s self-

concept. People seek occupations that (a) arc congruent with their self-image

and (b) reflect their knowledge of different occupations. This theory describes

that students become attracted to certain specialization. According to this

theory,self-concept is the key to specialization selection. Students tend to choose

jobs that are compatible with their personality. The key determinants according to

the theory are one’s social class, level of intelligence and experiences with sex

typing. In the study of Siguan Jr., (1994) as cited in Sonsona (2012) self-concept

was also found significant on the choice of specialization of students. Another is

Holland’s theory of career choice suggested that people can function and

develop best and find jobs satisfaction in work environments that are compatible

with with their personalities. People tend to choose a career that is reflective of

their personality. Holland (1994), suggest that the closer the match of personality

to job, the greater the satisfaction. Holland’s theory places emphasis on the

accuracy of self-knowledge and career information necessary for career decision

making.(Zunker, 1994 p. 49) as cited in Abernathy (2003).

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Significance of the study

The researcher envisioned that the findings of this study are useful, and

beneficial to the following individuals:

School. The study's findings are beneficial for school readiness and service

development because they provide knowledge on how things can affect students'

behavior due to the fact that there are factors that influence strand selection.

Students. This benefits students by informing them of potential factors that may

influence their decision-making, as well as which category they may fall into

based on their interests and preferences.

Teachers. This study is beneficial to the teachers. It helps them be aware of how

huge and important is the strand in preparing this students for entering college.

Researchers. The study benefits researchers because it broadens their

understanding of how the preferences of the selected participants contribute

ideas for the establishment of schools. Developing new knowledge that will

benefit others

Future Researchers. The findings of this study will be useful to future

researchers because they will have a broader foundation, and the study will

provide them with some information that will be useful in their research and may

answer some questions.

Scope and Delimitations

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 This study focuses on students' preferences for strands in their upcoming

senior high school. Students of NDSSM are all Grade 10 students of NDSSM, so

this research does not cover any grade levels other than Grade 10 in NDSSM,

and it also does not cover students who are not a part of NDSSM. There must be

a total of 15 Participants, with 5 in each section. They must also be

knowledgeable and prepared to answer any questions about the research. There

are no restrictions on the participants gender or religion as long as they have met

the requirements and are qualified to answer questionnaires. The data collection

will take place near the Notre Dame Siena School of Marbel. Questionnaires will

be used as a data collection tool.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined operationaly. These are key terms

for comprehending the context of this study are hereby defined conceptually and

operationally.

Career. This refers to a person's employment-related. and other significant

internal and outside experiences. outside of groups that establish a particular

pattern. over the course of a person's life (Baruch, 2009). In this study a career

that a person pursues for a large segment of their life and offers opportunities for

advancement.

Challenges. This refers to a situation that requires a lot of physical or mental

effort to complete successfully, or the circumstance that requires a lot of effort

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(Online Cambridge dictionary, 2021). In this study something that tests a

person's ability because it requires a lot of mental or physical effort to complete

Decision Making. This refers to the Decision-making is defined as the selection

of a plan of action from among possibilities (Weihrich & Koontz, 2007). In this

study a decision is a choice that leads an executive to determine what must be

done in a specific circumstance.

Grade 10. when pupils are 15 or 16 years old, which is the tenth year of school

( Collins English Dictionary, 2019). In this study the fourth year of high school

coursework and the last year of junior high.

Senior highschool. Grades 11 and 12, the final two years of the K–12 Basic

Education Program, are referred to as Senior High School (DepEd, 2019).

Grades 11 and 12.

Tracks. There are five different tracks in the K–12 Senior High School (SHS)

program: academic, arts and design, sports, technical, and vocational. These

programs give students the abilities they need in order to succeed in college,

colleges, or even the actual world of work (DepEd, 2018). In this study Business,

Accounting, and Management (BAM), Humanities, Education, and Social

Sciences (HESS), and Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

(STEM) are the three strands of the academic stream (STEM).

Abm. The Accountancy, Business, and Management Strand—or ABM strand—

seeks to prepare the young business leaders of tomorrow. ABM strand paves the

way for business-related college degrees.( Dagondon,,2017) In this study It

teaches the basic concepts of financial management, accounting, and corporate

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operations. The programs under this strand aims to instill crucial skills that one

needs to perform well in their future careers and businesses.

Humss. This refers to Humanities and Social Sciences. It is one of the strands

offered to Senior High students. This strand is for learners who aim to take up

journalism, communication arts, liberal arts, education, and other social science-

related courses in college. (Apolinar,2019) In this study the HUMSS strand

revolves around improving a student’s reading, writing, and speaking skills

because if you haven’t noticed yet, people who choose this strand are aspiring to

become members of the society who will be be dealing with a lot of people.

Stem. This refers to an educational program developed to prepare primary and

secondary students for college, graduate study and careers in the fields of

science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).(Lutkevich 2012)

Preferences. This refer to certain characteristics any consumer wants to have in

a good or service to make it preferable to him. This could be the level of

happiness, degree of satisfaction, utility from the product (Collins, 2017). In this

study If you prefer something, then you would prefer to have it or do it above

something else.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter discusses the related literatures and studies pertaining to the

Challenges that affect the grade 10 students upon choosing their SHS track.

Senior High School

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary

education; students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests,

and school capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the

subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either

the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks (Official Gazette, 2012). Senior High

School (SHS) covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and includes

Grades 11 and 12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and

subjects under a track of their choice (http://k12philippines.com/, n.d).

The K to 12 Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education

(six years of primary education, four years of Junior High School, and two years

of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts

and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education,

middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneur ship.

Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks: Academic;

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts.

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 The Academic track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business

Management (ABM); Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science,

Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM). Students undergo immersion,

which may Include earn-while-you-learn opportunities, to provide them relevant

exposure and actual experience in their chosen track (Official Gazette, 2012).

Career Choice

Ghuangpeng (2011) defines career choice as a process which occurs

when an individual,especially students, chooses a particular career for

college. It is one of the most importantselection processes that students may

encounter on their entire lives, because after they graduatefrom college, they will

allot most of their time in achieving their goals with the help of thecareers they

chose to pursue (Department of Labor, 2010). Thus, according to Edwards

andQuinter (2011), it is important for students to make an informed decision on

their careers, since itaffects some of the aspects of their future lives or their

future jobs/profession.However, choosing a career is difficult, especially during

these unsettled economic times,which makes it more complicated for students to

choose a direction (William, 2016). Also,Wattles (as cited by Edwards and

Quinter, 2011) states that, with the continued development ofinformation

technology throughout the years, choosing a career “has become a

complexscience”

Career Decision-making

Pascual (2014) stresses that wrong decision-making on the career to

pursue could be thecause of increasing rate of misfit graduates.

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Therefore, students should be equipped withsufficient knowledge and

effective strategies so that they could come-up with good decisions(Kroll, as cited

by Borchert, 2002). This indicates that aside from career planning,

extensivecareer research before choosing a career should also be considered by

an individual to adapt withsocio-economic changes nowadays (Wattles, as cited

by Edwards and Quinter, 2011

Career Guidance and Counseling

According to Pafili and Mylonakis (2011), when students are able to

select the rightcareer, they can effectively use their knowledge and skills which

could help on the developmentand welfare of the society. Yet, some

students may not have sufficient knowledge andunderstanding about the

right career to pursue (Aguado, Laguador & Deligero, 2015). This mightbe

because of the problems being faced by students when they are trying to match

their careerchoice with their abilities and performance, especially on

academics (Edwards and Quinter,2011)

Future Opportunities/ Ideal Job

The earning potential of your chosen profession is likely to be a factor that

influences your career path. You may find one aspect of your career is more

financially rewarding than another, or that working your way through the ranks

holds greater financial incentive than staying in the same job. Your personal

financial needs are also likely to influence the career choices you make.

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Opportunity is the third factor that has shaped career choices for students.

Opportunity may influence how students have perceived their future in terms of

the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields. The issue of

poverty has played an important determining role in the opportunities available to

all (McQuerrey, 2006)

K to 12 Program

A report from the Labor Force Survey in 2012 (as cited by Braza and

Guillo, 2015) statesthat the are approximately 7.1 million Filipinos who

are underemployed because of thecongested basic education system, as

well as unaided career choices of these Filipinos while theywere in school.

Because of this, the government implemented the K to 12 Program which

isconsidered to be one of the significant reforms in the Philippine Educational

System (Abarro,2016).

It is in accordance with the belief of the government that the strength of a

nation reliesupon the strength of its education system (Sergio, 2011).According

to the Department of Education (2012), the program covers kindergarten and12

years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior

High School,and two years of Senior High School) to provide sufficient time for

mastery of concepts andskills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates

for tertiary education, middle-level skillsdevelopment, employment, and

entrepreneurship. In addition, before entering to college, highschool students are

13
already given the opportunity to select from tracks and strands offered byschools

(Official Gazette of the Philippines)

Personality

“Personality” plays an important role in the choosing of the right career. A

student‟s personality must be self motivated type, as to investigate career

possibilities from early on in their lives, and not the procrastinating type that waits

till they are compelled to decide. Students must take seriously the role grades

play in limiting opportunities in the future. Splaver went on to say “It is important

for you to have a good understanding of yourself, your personality, if you are to

make intelligent career plans”. (Splaver 2000, p. 12). perception of being suitable

for particular jobs also has been found to be influenced by a number of factors

including ethnic background, year in school, level of achievement, choice of

science subjects, attitudes and differences in job characteristics (McQuaid and

Bond, 2003)

Family

Parents often have an influence on the career paths their offspring pursue.

A parent may urge a child into a vocation similar to their own, or to one that has

demonstrated high earning power. You may find yourself attracted to a particular

line of work because of your parents’ professional history, which likely has given

you a first-hand perspective on that type of work. Many children grow up

idealizing the professions of their parents. If you always looked up to your mother

14
and admired her teaching skills, that may influence you to pursue a career in

education. Parents may also intentionally or unintentionally push a child toward a

particular career path, especially in the cases of family-owned businesses, where

parents expect their children to take over the company. Still other parents apply

pressure on their offspring to strive for particular high-profile careers, feeling they

are encouraging their children to reach high (McQuerrey, 2006)

One consistent finding in research suggests that adolescents’ own

aspirations are influenced by their parent’s aspirations or expectations. Parental

support and encouragement are important factors that have been found to

influence career choice. Children may choose what their parents desire simply to

please them (Taylor et al, 2004)

Peer/Classmate

Pummel, Harwood and Lavallee (2008) report that the external influences

that help to shape an individual’s career choice are also influenced by significant

others through social support from peers. People around contribute a lot in one’s

decision-making .Friends may influence an individual choice of career . Individual

interest may be affected by peers for the reason that one wants to be with them

in fulfilling dreams or a certain career .

Classmates also play an important role in the formation of student’s

achievement, related beliefs and values , even if these classmates do not always

15
correspond with the peer group of leisure-time friends (Frenzel, Goets, Pekrun &

Watt , 2010). Id n a cross-sectional study relating aspects of classroom climate to

student enjoyment , Frenzel ,Pekrun and Goetz (2007) reported that class

aggregated student perceptions of classroom values were significantly and

positively related to students’ enjoyment . Developments of students interest

were really affected by their peers and classmates.

Affecting Factors

Various factors can affect a student’s career preference for Senior High

School as well asin college. According to Hewitt (as cited by Edwards and

Quinter, 2011), factors which affect thecareer preference of an individual “can

either be intrinsic or intrinsic, or both.” Most individualschoose a career based on

what their parents prefer, others follow the opportunities that haveopened for

them, others choose a career based on what they actually want without

consideringhow much they would earn, while others select a career that would

give them high income.

The influence of a student’s social environment or the people who are

around them,especially their parents, is one of the main factors that affect their

career choice. Students oftenrely on their parent’s advice in coming up with a

decision because they want to do well for thesake of their families (Pascual,

2014). This is how some students show respect and appreciationto their parents

since they are the ones who provide them financial support to enter

college(Aguado, Laguador & Deligero, 2015). Moreover, Aspden et al. (2015)

16
claim that counselorsplay a significant part in the career decisions of students

depending on the information they givethem during the process of career

guidance and counseling.

Decision-making

negative thinking and career difficulties indicate undecidedness of a student . In

order for students to make a better decision, one can consider interest and

intellectual ability interest in the subject, relationship with peers, members of the

family and teachers, and by assessment and research in the internet and other

sources before making the decision. Many students need career counselling

for choosing correct career path as clinical researcher or clinical practitione. The

approach to supporting student willingness is a potential influence.

In terms of personal qualities, low self-confidence in the classroom

implicates the behaviour to be less motivated and do less effort while adjusting

their aspirations. Confidence evolves through experiences in student’s life and

overconfidence is relevant to the good earning expectation of an individual

. Change of specialization is relevant with traits like optimism, sense of

identity, work drive and career decidedness together with extraversion,

openness, emotional stability and conscientiousness (Foster, 2013)

Future Opportunities/Ideal Jobs

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 The earning potential of your chosen profession is likely tube a factor that

influences yourcareer paths. You may found one aspects of your career is more

financially rewarding thananother, or that working you way through the ranks

holds greater financial incentive than stayingin the same job. Your personal

financial needs are also likely to influence the career choices youmake.

Opportunity is the third factor that has shape career choices for students.

Opportunity mayinfluence how students have perceived their future in terms of

the reasonable probability of afuture in particular career fields. The issue of

poverty has played an important determining rolein the opportunities available to

all (McQuerrey, 2006)

Savings Behavior and Financial Problems

According to Sabri and MacDonald (2010) the savings behavior and

financialproblems among college students study talks about the connection

between havingfinancial manangement and financial stress to financial literacy

towards college studentsIn Malaysia.

This study, in overall thinking, stated that student who could pass the

testscores about financial knowledge has probability that could be reported as

having lessfinancial difficulties. Of course, it would happen if that student

experienced bad luck and acted a wrong habit in handling money long before. It

would serve as a room of improvement on educating student’s knowledge about

financial scope

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The Roles of Parents, Work, and Education

The research about the problem of financial socialization of first year

collegestudents the roles of parents, work and education speculatively means

that the researchtitle itself focuses on investigating and explaining the role acted

by the parents in givingfinancial interaction towards student. The work

experiences gives insight to the highschool student to become more aware and

wise when handling money and the highschool financial education gives

knowledge among student according to Soyeon et al (2010).

19
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This particular chapter discusses the various aspects of the research

methodology,research design, locale, participants, sampling technique, research

instruments, data gathering procedure, analysis, researchers’ positioning, and

ethical considerations.

Research Design

This qualitative study will utilize a phenomenological approach since the

research aims to describe, understand, and interpret the meanings of

experiences of human life. This study focuses on research questions such as

what it is like to experience a particular situation Umanailo (2019). This approach

will be used in the research since the study will deal with the challenges of the

grade Grade 10 Students upon choosing their SHS Track, the researcher chose

this kind of research method as it is fit for the research design of this study

Locale of the Study

20
 The place where the researchers choose to conduct their study is in

Notre Dame Siena School of Marbel, Alunan Avenue Poblacion, City of

Koronadal, Province of South Cotabato, Philippines

Notre Dame- Siena School of Marbel is a PAASCU- Level III accredited school

and is a Catholic institution that has been serving quality education to the locality

for seventy-five years that offers elementary, junior high school, and senior high

school programs. It provides quality education and aims to develop not only the

intellectual aspects of the students but also their spiritual and moral aspects

through the values exemplified of Mo. Francisca Del Espiritu Santo de Fuentes.

The researchers decide to conduct their study in this school because it is

a good place where there are enough participants that will be qualified to

participate in the study, and will give access for the researchers to collect their

date.

The researcher choose Notre Dame Siena School of Marbel. It is an

advantage for us because to conduct the study in NDSSM this is we studied and

because we know a lot more about our known school about other institution.

21
Figure 1. Map of Notre Dame Siena School of Marbel. The institution is marked by a big ping at

the center of the map.

Participants of the Study

The researcher will utilize a Complete Random Sampling in determining

the participants. The 15 Grade10 students of Notre Dame Siena School of

Marbel for the academic year 2022-2023. There must be a total of 15

participants, with 5 in each section. They must also be knowledgeable and

prepared to answer any questions about the research. There are no restrictions

on the participants gender or religion as long as they have met the requirements

and are qualified to answer questionnaires. The data collection will take place

near the Notre Dame Siena School of Marbel. Questionnaires will be used as a

data collection tool.

Research Instruments

The researcher have created and utilized questionnaires and surveys to

execute the study based on our specific research problems. After formulating the

research questionnaire , it will be critiqued by the research expert, the research

applies more emphasis on research observation of the challenges of Grade 10

Students in choosing their academic track. To analyze the problem well, the

researches utilize the questionnaire instrument to gather documents that are

related to the problem. The questionnaires contain with the statement of the
22
problem specific questions to identify and analyze the feedback of the

participants.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher will follow the following procedures in order to obtain the

data necessary to draw conclusions for this study

Asking Permission to Conduct the Study

Identifying the Participants of the Study

Preparation of interview questionnaires

Transcription and Translation

23
 Fig. 3 Flow chart of the Procedures of the Study

1. Asking Permission to Conduct the Study

The researcher will write a letter addressed to the Director Principal of the Notre

Dame Siena School of Marbel, requesting permission to allow the researcher to

conduct the study entitled “Challenges of the Grade 10 Students upon Choosing

their SHS Track”.

2. Identifying the Participants of the Study

The research will utilize the random sampling method in selecting the

participants of the study.

3.Preparation of interview questionnaires

Interview questionnaires are interview sheets containing a list of pre-prepared

questions for participants to fill out before an interview to provide additional

details about their responses.

4.Transcribing and Translation

The researcher will be transcribing the videos that will be taken during the

interview

24
to gather data and knowledge about the Challenges of the Grade 10 Students

upon choosing their SHS Track.

Data Analysis

Phenomenological research is qualitative research that aims to learn more

about people’s lived experiences. Qualitative research involves gathering and

analyzing non-numerical data. It’s used to gain a better understanding of

people’s beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and experiences. phenomenological

research is a qualitative research approach,

it involves speaking to or observing participants. Researchers can use In-

depth surveys,Case studies and Questionnaires

When the data transcripts were ready, the Researchers must consider the

impact the study will have on the participants and how it will affect them as

researchers.

They also need to ensure that their study is ethically sound by getting proper

informed consent and making sure that the data is confidential and the

participants are anonymous

Researcher’s Positioning

25
 This study made use of the non-numerical description to analyze the

responses of the challenges of the Grade 10 Students upon choosing their shs

track.

The researcher were the Gade 12 Senior High School student of saint

vincent ferrer ABM and HUMSS who were interested on how Grade 10 Studets

face the challenges upon choosing their senior high school track. They took part

in this research as citizens concerned about the timely and relevant topic, a clear

statement that they highlighted to emphasize only the conducted topic and

gathered data and biased information were contained and excluded.

Ethical Considerations

Prior to the conduct of the interview, the researcher will be getting full

consent from the research participantsThe researcher will take good care of the

security of the research participants, will make sure that they will not be

subjected to any harm, The research participants’ protection will be ensured by

the researcher.Graduate School The researcher will prioritize and respect the

research participant’s dignity. The researcher will ensure the research

participants the adequate level of confidentiality of the gathered data.The

researcher will practice honesty and transparency in communicating with the

research participants with relation to the study.The researcher will be avoiding

any type of misleading information, as well as biased findings of the

representation of the primary data.

26
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