1.

PROBLEM
The discharge pipeline of water system consists of a 5500 m of 300 mm pipe joined by 3660
m of 450 mm pipe that connects to the base of a huge water reservoir. The difference in
elevation between the water surface in the reservoir and the center of 300 mm pipe at the
end of the line is 45.7 m. Neglecting velocity head and other losses in head due to
entrances and using coefficient of friction of 0.02 for both pipes.

À Compute the velocity of the water in the bigger pipeline.

Á Compute the velocity of the water in the smaller pipe.
 Evaluate the rate of flow in the pipe.

Solution: w.s.
À Velocity of the bigger pipeline hf 1
hf1 + hf2 = 45.7 1
366
0 2 hf 2
0.0826 f L Q 2 450 m
hf1 = mm
550
D5 0
300 m
0.0826(0.02)(3660) Q12 mm
hf1 =
(0.45)5
hf1 = 327.66 Q12
0.0826(0.02)(5500) Q 22
hf2 =
(0.3)5
hf2 = 3739.09 Q 22 Á Velocity of smaller pipe
Q1 = Q2 Q 2 = A 2 V2
327.66 Q12 + 3739.09 Q22 = 45.7
Q 2 = Q1
4066.75 Q12 = 45.7
π
Q1 = 0.106 m3/sec. 0.106 = (0.3)2 V2
Velocity of bigger pipeline 4
V2 = 1.5 m / s
Q1 = A1 V1
π Â Rate of flow
0.106 = (0.45)2 V1
4 Q1 = Q2 = 0.106 m3/sec.
V1 = 0.666 m / s
2. PROBLEM
For his construction project in Southern Luzon, Engr. Santos commissioned a barge to
transport a 20 mm diameter by 6 m long steel reinforcing bars he purchased in Metro Manila.
When unloaded at the Pasig River (where the water is observed to have a sp.gr. of 1.01) the
barge has a draft of 2.41 m and the portion of the barge at the water line measures 300 mm
x 60 m. Loaded with the reinforcing bars and sailing Metro Manila Bay (where seawater is
observed to have a specific gravity of 1.03), the vessel chiefmate recorded a draft of 4.97 m.
If it costs five pesos to transfer a bar of the given dimension, determine how much would it
cost Engr. Santos for the transfer in thousands of pesos. Assume the bar to have a constant
horizontal section.

Solution:
Wt. of barge: W
W = BF1
W = 2.41(300)(60)(1.01)(1000)
W = 43,813,800 kg
Empty
2.41 m
W + Wb = BF2
W + Wb = (4.97)(300)(60)(1.03)(1000)
W + Wb = 92,143,800 kg sp.gr. = 1.01
BF1
Wb = 92,143,800 - 43,813,800
Wb = 48,330,000 kg (wt. of bars)

Unit weight of steel bar = 7850 kg/m3 W + Wb

48,330,000
No. of bars =
⎛ π⎞
7850 ⎜ ⎟ (0.02)2 (6)
⎝ 4⎠
4.97 m
No. of bars = 3,266,225 bars
steel bars
Total cost in thousands of pesos
sp.gr. = 1.03
5(3266225)
= BF2
1000
= 16331 (thousands of pesos)
3. PROBLEM
A circular gate of radius r = 100 mm is vertically submerged in water with its top
edge flushed on a liquid surface.

À Evaluate the total force acting on one side of the gate in Newtons.
Á Obtain the location of the force from the center of gravity of the plate in mm.
 Obtain the location of the force from the liquid surface in mm.

Solution:
À Total force acting on one
h=0.1 m
side of the gate:
P=γ hA e
P
P = 9810(1)(π)(1)2
P = 30.82 N

Á Location of force from the center of gravity of the plate:

Ig
e=
Ay
π(100)4
Ig =
4
Ig = 25π x 10 6 mm4

Ay = π(100)2 (100)
Ay = π(10)6 Â Location of the force from the liquid surface:
25 π 10 6 h=y+e
e=
π x 10 6 h = 100 + 25
e = 25 mm h = 125 mm
4. PROBLEM
An open rectangular tank mounted on a moving vehicle is 6 m long, 2 m wide and 3 m high is filled with
water to a depth of 2.5 m.

À What is the maximum horizontal acceleration in m/sec2 can be imposed on the tank without spilling
water?
Á Determine the accelerating force on the liquid mass in kN.
 If the acceleration is increased to 6 m/sec2, how much water is spilled out?

Solution:
À Max. horizontal acceleration that can be imposed on the tank without spilling water
0.5 a
tan θ =
3
 0.5m
a
tan θ =
g 3m
2.5m
0.5 a
=
3 9.81
a = 1.64 m / sec 2 3.0
6m

Á Accelerating force on the liquid mass in kN

F = ma
W
F= a
g 2.5m
6(2.5)(2)(9.81)(1.64)
F=
9.81
6m
F = 49.2 kN

 Water spilled out when acceleration is increased to 6 m/sec2

3.0
tan θ =
x
a = 6 m/sec2
a 3.0
=
g x
6 3.0
= 3.0
9.81 x remaining
water
x = 4.91

3.0(4.91)(2) x
Vol. spilled out = 2.5(6)(2) -
2 6 m
Vol. spilled out = 15.27 cu.m
5. PROBLEM
A circular cone having a base diameter of 3.66 m and a height of 3.66 m, connects
to a circular cylinder of the same diameter and height of 3.66 m. The assembly is
filled with water with the cylinder vertically above the cone. An orifice having an
area of 0.0929 m2 is provided at the vertex of the cone, with the coefficient of
discharge C = 0.60.

À Estimate the time, in seconds, to empty the upper cylinder of its contents
through the orifice.
Á Estimate the time, in seconds, to empty the lower right circular cone of its
contents through the orifice.
 Obtain the total time, in seconds, to empty the contents of the assembly.

Solution:
À Time to empty the upper cylinder of its contents through the orifice

3.66

t1 =
2 As ( h1 - h2 )
CA 2g
3.66
π
A s = (3.66)2 = 10.52 m2
4
7.32

t1 =
2(10.52) ( 7.32 - 3.66 )
0.60(0.0929) 2(9.81) 3.66
t 1 = 67.52 sec.
5. PROBLEM CONT.
Á Time to empty the lower right circular cone of its contents through the orifice
As = π x2
x 1.83
= 3.66
h 3.66
x = 0.5 h
A s = π(0.5h)2
A s = 0.785 h2
3.66 A s dh 1.83 1.83
t2 = ∫
0
CA 2gh
3.66 A s h-1/2 dy
t2 = ∫ x x
0
CA 2g dh
3.66
3.66 0.785 h2 h-1/2 dh
t2 = ∫ h
0
0.60(0.0929) 2(9.81)
3.66
t2 = ∫ 3.179 h3/2 dh
0
3.66
⎡ 2 h5/2 ⎤
t 2 = 3.179 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 5 ⎦0
t 2 = 32.59 sec.

 Total time to empty the contents of the assembly

t = t 1 + t2
t = 67.52 + 32.59
t = 100.11 sec.
6. PROBLEM
Three pipelines A, B, and C are connected in parallel as shown in the figure. The combined
discharge of the 3 pipes is 0.81 m3/sec and assuming the friction factor for all pipes is the
same. Obtain the rate of flow in liters/sec, in
À Pipeline A
Á Pipeline B
 Pipeline C
Solution:
À Rate of flow in pipeline A
150 mmø, 600 m
hA = hB = hC
A
f L Q2
h=
D5 200 mmø, 480 m
600 Q12 B
hA =
(150)5
480 Q 22 C
hB =
(200)5 100 mmø, 750 m
750 Q 23
hC =
(100)5
hA = hB
600 Q12 480 Q 22
=
(150)5 (200)5 Á Rate of flow in pipeline B
Q 2 = 2.295 Q1 Q2 = 2.295 Q1
h A = hC Q2 = 2.295(224)
600 Q12 750 Q 23 Q2 = 514 liters/sec.
=
(150)5 (100)5
Q 3 = 0.325 Q1 Â Rate of flow in pipeline C
Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0.81
Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = 0.81
224 + 514 + Q3 = 810
Q1 + 2.295 Q1 + 0.325 Q1 = 0.81
Q3 = 72.1 liters/sec.
Q1 = 0.224 m3/sec
Q1 = 224 liters/sec.
7. PROBLEM
A rigid gate of a flood control structure in a river is 6 m wide by 4 m high
and weighs 10 kN. With its longer edge horizontal, it is moved up and down
with its short edges sliding in vertical channel guides. Evaluate the force,
in kN, needed to raise the gate when the surface of the water is 2m
above its top edge. There is no water on the downstream side of the gate.
The coefficient of friction between the gate and the channel guides is 0.10.
Neglect the buoyant effect of the water on the gate and the weight of the
cables connected to the gate.

Solution: T
w.s.
P=γ hA
P = 9.81(4)(4)(6) 2m
P = 941.76 kN 4m
6

∑Fv = 0 10 kN 4
P
F = 10 + Fr
Fr
F = 10 + 941.76(0.1)
F = 104.176 kN
8. PROBLEM
A corner at the bottom of the cross-section of a tank is shown in figure. The tank is
2 m wide into the plane of this paper. Neglecting atmospheric pressure, evaluate:
À The total horizontal force on the w.s.

corner plate AB, in kN. H2O

Á The total vertical force on the corner Pv 4m
plate AB, in kN.
 The resultant force acting on the h =5.5 m
plate, in kN. B

Solution: 3m

À The total horizontal force on the Ph

corner plate AB A 45˚
Ph = γ h A 3m

Ph = 9.81(5.5)(3)(2)
Ph = 323.73 kN

Á The total vertical force on the corner plate AB

(7 + 4)
Pv = (3)(9.81)(2)
2
Pv = 323.73 kN (wt. of volume of H 2O on the shaded section)

 The resultant force acting on the plate

R2 = (323.73)2 + (323.73)2
R = 457.8 kN
9. PROBLEM
A piece of metal weighs 360 N in air and when submerged in water it weighs 250
N.

À Evaluate the volume of the rock in m3.

Á Evaluate the unit weight of the rock in kN/m3.
 Evaluate the sp.gr. of the rock.

Solution:
À Volume of metal:
W = 350 - 240
W = 110 N
110 = V(9810)
V = 0.0112 m3

Á Specific weight:
350
Specific weight = 0.0112
Specific weight = 31250
Specific weight = 31.25 kN/m3

 Specific gravity:
wt. in air
Sp.gr. = wt. of equal vol. of H O
2
350
Sp.gr. = 9810(0.0112)
SP.gr. = 3.19

Another Soln:
31.25
Sp.gr. = 9.81
Sp.gr. = 3.19
11. PROBLEM
Reservoir A is the source of water supply is at elevation 180 m., B is the junction at
elevation 120 m. Town C has a population of 20000 inhabitants is at elevation 60
m. Town D has a population of 24000 inhabitants is at elevation 45 m. The
consumption is 190 liters per capita per day. Neglect all losses except from friction.
For the pipes, friction factor f = 0.02.
El. 180

A
150
00m

B 9
000
El. 120 m
El. 60

C
60
00
m

El. 45

À Determine the required diameter in meters of pipe AB.

Á Determine the required diameter in meters of pipe BC.
 Determine the required diameter in meters of pipe BD.

Solution:
À Diameter of pipeline from reservoir R.
(20,000)(0.190)
Q2 = (24)(3600)
Q2 = 0.044 cu.m/sec.
(24,000)(0.190)
Q3 = (24)(3600)
Q3 = 0.053 cu.m/sec.
11. Problem – Cont.
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
Q1 = 0.044 + 0.053
Q1 = 0.097 cu.m/sec.

hf1 = 180 - 120

hf1 = 60 m.
hf2 = 120 - 60
hf2 = 60 m.
hf3 = 120 - 45
hf3 = 75 m.

0.0826 f L Q2
hf =
D5
(0.0826)(0.02)(15,000)(0.097)2
hf =
D15
D1 = 0.33 m.
D1 = 330 mm

Á Diameter of pipeline serving town A.

0.0826 f L Q2
hf =
D5
(0.0826)(0.02)(9000)(0.044)2
60 =
D25
D2 = 0.22 m.
D2 = 220 mm

® Diameter of pipeline serving town B.

11. Problem – Cont.
0.0826 f L Q2
hf =
D5
(0.0826)(0.02)(6000)(0.053)2
75 =
D35
D3 = 0.21 m.
D3 = 210 mm
12. PROBLEM
A vertical jet of water thru a nozzle supports a load of 150 N. The velocity
and diameter of the jet at the nozzle tip are 17.46 m/s and 3 cm. Find the
distance of load from the nozzle tip in meters.

Solution:

Q = AV
π
Q = (0.03)2 (17.46) 150 150
4
Q = 0.0123 m3 / s
2
h
F=QW/g(V 2 )
QW 1
F= V2
g
0.0123(9810)V2
150 =
9.81
V2 = 12.154 m/s
V22 = V12 - 2gh
(12.154)2 = (17.46)2 - 2(9.81)h
h = 8 m.
13. PROBLEM
The unit weight of a liquid is variable and is given by the relation g =
10 + 0.5h, where g is in kN/m3 and h is the depth of the liquid from the
free surface in meters. Determine the gage pressure in kPa at a depth
of 5 m.

Solution:
g = 10 + 0.5h
dP = g dh
dP = (10 + 0.5h) dh
0.5h 2
P = 10h +
2
0.5 2
P = 10(5) + (5)
2
P = 56.25 kPa
14. PROBLEM
A container whose height is “h” has a constant cross-sectional area. Half
of the container is filled with water and the other half is filled with liquid
whose specific gravity is 0.80. Find the ratio of the force exerted by water
acting on the lower half to that of oil acting on the other half?

Solution:

F1 = γhA Sp. gr.=0.8 h/2

F2

F1 = 9.81(0.8)( 4h )( h2 )(D)
2 h/2
F1 = 0.981h D H2O F2

F2 = γhA D
D
h = 0.8( h2 ) + 4h D

h = 0.65h h/4

( )
F2
F2 = 9.81(0.65)h h2 (D)
F2 = 3.188 h2 D F2
h/2

F2 3.188h2 D
Ratio = = = 3.25 D
F1 0.981h D
2
15. PROBLEM
A ship having a displacement of 24000 tons and a draft of 10.5 m in the ocean enters a harbor
of fresh water. If horizontal cross-section of the ship at the water line is 3000 sq.m, what depth
of fresh water is required to float the ship? Assume a marine tone is 1000 kg and that seawater
and fresh water weighs 10.1 kN/m3 and 9.81 kN/m3 respectively.

Solution: W

W = VD w.s.

W
V= d 1=10.5
D
V = Ad
Salt water
V γ=10.1 kN/m3
d=
A
W
w.s.

A1 = A 2 = 3000 m2 d1

V2 V1
d2 - d1 = -
A 2 A1
Fresh water
γ=9.81 kN/m3
W W
- 10.1
d2 - d1 = 9.81
3000
235440 - 235440
d2 - 10.5 = 9.81 10.1
3000
d2 = 10.73 m.
16. PROBLEM
A concrete dam of trapezoidal cross-section, with one face vertical has a thickness
of 0.60 m. at the top and 4.2 m at the bottom. It is 7 m. high and has a horizontal
base. The vertical face is subjected to a water pressure, the water standing 6 m.
above the base. The weight of concrete is 24 kN/m3 per meter length of dam,
evaluate:

À The total hydrostatic force on the dam in kN.

Á The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in kN.m.
 Factor of safety against overturning.

Solution:
À The total hydrostatic force on the dam in kN

0.6m
P =γwh A 3.9

P = 9.81(3)(6)(1) 1m W1
w.s. 2.4
P = 176.58 kN

6m
P W2
2m

0.6 3.6
4.2 m
16. Problem – cont.

Á The resisting moment of the dam to overturning in kN.m

W1 = 0.6(7)(24) = 100.8 kN
7(3.6)
W2 = (24) = 302.4 KN
2
RM = W1 (3.9) + W2 (2.4)
RM = 100.8(3.9) + 302.4(2.4)
RM = 1118.90 kN.m.

 Factor of safety against overturning

RM 1118.9
FS = = = 3.17
OM 176.58(2)

17. PROBLEM
If the velocity head at a velocity V1 at one point of a pipe is 5.2 m, what is
the velocity head in meters at that point if the velocity is twice that of V1?

Solution:
V2
h=
2g
V12
5.2 =
2g
V1 = 10.10 m/s
V22
h=
2g
V2 = 2(10.10)
V2 = 20.20
(20.20)2
h=
2(9.81)
h = 20.8 m.



18. PROBLEM
A woman with a glass of water having a height of 300 mm is inside the
elevator with an upward acceleration of 3 m/s2. Determine the pressure at
the bottom of the glass.

Solution:
⎛ a⎞
p = γ wh ⎜1 + ⎟
⎝ g⎠
⎛ 3 ⎞
p = 9.81(0.3) ⎜ 1 + ⎟ = 3.84 kPa
⎝ 9.81⎠
19. PROBLEM
A manometer is attached to a conduit as shown. What is the pressure at A
in kPa given the following:
Sp.gr. of liquid B = 10
h = 150 mm d = 450 mm

Water

A
h=150
1

d=450

B
(sp. gr. = 10)

Solution:
PA + 9.81(0.15 + 0.45) – 9.81(10)(0.45) = 0
PA = 38.25 kPa
20. PROBLEM
A rectangular plate 1 m. wide by 2.4 m long is vertically submerged in
water, the shorter edge 2 m. below and parallel to the water surface.
Evaluate how far in meters, below the centroid of the plate is the resultant
horizontal force acting on each side of it.

Solution:

w.s.

2m
1m
y=h=3.2

2.4 m 2.4
e
P


1(2.4)3
Ig = = 1.152
12
Ss = Ay
Ss = 1(2.4)(3.2)
Ss = 7.68
Ig1.152
e= = = 0.15
Ss 7.68
21. PROBLEM
A mercury barometer at the Gulf of Albay reads 760 mm. At the same time,
another barometer at the top of Mt. Mayon reads 538 mm. Assuming the
unit weight of air to be constant at 12 N/m3, evaluate the approximate height
of Mt. Mayon in meters from these barometric readings.

Solution:

2 538 mm

1 760 mm

P1 = P2 + gh
0.76(13.6)(9810) = 0.538(13.6)(9810) + 12h
h = 2468 m.
22. PROBLEM
A concrete cube 0.60 m. on an edge, weighing 23.5 kN/m3 is placed at the
bottom of the tank in which seawater (sp.gr. = 1.03) stands 5 m. deep. The
bottom edges are sealed off so that no water is admitted under the block.
Evaluate the vertical pull required to lift the block in kN.

Solution:
w.s.

P
4.4
F F
5

0.60 m W

0.60 m

P=F+W
P = 9.81(1.03)(4.4)(0.6)(0.6)
+ 23.5(0.6)(0.6)(0.6)
P = 21.08 kN
23. PROBLEM
A piece of rock weighs 400 N in air and when submerged completely in
water weighs 240 N.

À Evaluate the volume of the rock in m3.

Á Evaluate the unit weight of the rock in kN/m3.
 Evaluate the sp.gr. of the rock.

Solution:
À Volume of the rock
BF = 400 – 240 = 160 N
BF = gw V
160 = 9.810V
V = 0.0163 m3

Á Unit weight of rock

W = V grock
400 = 0.0163grock
grock = 24525 N/m3
grock = 24.53 kN/m3

 Sp.gr. of the rock

24.53
Sp.gr. = = 2.5
9.81
24. PROBLEM
A rectangular channel 6 m. wide has a constant specific energy of 2.2 m.

À Calculate the critical depth.

Á Calculate the critical velocity.
 Calculate the critical slope if n = 0.012.

Solution:
À Critical depth:
E = 2.2 m.
2
dc = 3 E
2
dc = 3 (2.2)
dc = 1.47 m.

Á Critical velocity:
Vc = gdc
Vc = 9.81(1.47)
Vc = 3.8 m/s

 Critical slope:

1.47m

6m
24. Problem – cont.

A = 6(1.47)
A = 8.82
P = 2(1.47) + 6
P = 8.94
A
R=P
8.82
R = 8.94 = 0.987
R2/3Sc1/2
Vc = n
(0.987)2/3Sc1/2
3.8 = 0.012
Sc = 0.0021
25. PROBLEM
A barge floating along the Pasig River is in the form of a parallelepiped having
dimensions fo 10 m by 30 m by 3 m. When loaded, has a weight of 4500 kN, the
center of gravity located 4 m. from the bottom of the barge. Assuming the specific
gravity = 1.01 of the water in the river, evaluate

À The draft of the barge in meters.
Á The metacentric height with respect to rolling (sideways listing) of the barge
in meters.
® The metacentric height with respect to pitcher (longitudinal listing) in meters.

Solution:
À Draft of the barge

W=4500 kN

C.G.
W = BF
5000 = 30(10) D (1.01)(9.81) w.s. 4m
D = 1.51 3m D/2
D
Bo D/2

30 m

W=5000

C.G.
rolling 4m

3m

30 m 10 m
pitching
25. Problem - Cont.

Á Metacentric height with respect to rolling:

W M

G
w.s.
3.245
Bo 0.755 4m
0.755
10 m

I
MBo =
V
30(10)3
I= = 2500
12
V = 30(10)(1.51) = 453
2500
MBo = = 5.52
453
Metacentric height :
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 5.52 – 3.245 = 2.27 m.
25. Problem - Cont.

® Metacentric height with respect to pitching:

W M

G
w.s.
3.245
Bo 0.755 4m
0.755
30 m

I
MBo =
V
10(30)3
I= = 22500
12
V = 30(10)(1.51) = 453
22500
MBo = = 49.67
453
Meta centric height:
MG = MBo – GBo
MG = 49.67 – 3.245 = 46.4 m.
26. PROBLEM
The flow rate of the pipe system shown is 50 liters/sec. under a total head loss from
A to D equal to 9 m. Using C = 120 for all pipes.

A D

Pipelines Length Diameter Hazen

Williams
Coeff. C
A 300 m. 200 mm. 120
B 266 m. 160 mm. 120
C 190 m. ? 120
D 510 m. 250 mm. 120

À Compute the head loss of pipeline B.

Á Compute the discharge of pipeline C in liters/sec.
 Compute the diameter of pipeline C.

Solution:
À Headloss of B:
2

HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf3 1 4

hf2 = hf3

3
26. Problem – Cont.
10.64(300)(0.05)1.85
hf1 = = 4.51 m.
(120)1.85 (0.2)4.87
10.64(510)(0.05)1.85
hf4 = = 2.59 m.
(120)1.85 (0.25)4.87
HL = hf1 + hf2 + hf4
9 = 4.51 + hf2 + 2.59
hf2 = 1.9 m. (headloss of pipeline B)

Á Discharge of pipeline C:
hf2 = hf3 = 1.9
10.64 L Q21.85
hf2 = 1.85 4.87
C D
10.64(266) Q21.85
1.9 =
(120)1.85 (0.16)4.87
Q2 = 0.019 m3/s
Q1 = Q2 + Q3
0.05 = 0.019 + Q3
Q3 = 0.031 m3/s
Q3 = 31 liters/sec.

 Diam. of pipeline C:
10.64 L Q31.85
hf3 = 1.85 4.87
C D
10.64(190)(0.031)1.85
1.9 =
(120)1.85 (D)4.87
D4.87 = 0.000245
D = 0.18 m.
D = 180 mm.
27. PROBLEM
A right circular cylindrical container 2 m. in diameter and 4 m. high is ½ full of water.
When rotated about its vertical axis at the rate of 5 radians per second.

À By how many meters will the water surface drop at the center of the vessel.
Á What is the pressure, in kPa, at the base of the container along the perimeter?
 Determine the volume in m3 of the paraboloid formed by the rotation of the
vessel.

Solution:
À Distance of the water surface drop at the center of the vessel

0.637
4m
1.27
0.637
2m

1.363

2m

ω 2 r 2 (5)2 (1)2
y= = = 1.27 m.
2g 2(9.81)
1.27
The water surface will drop by = 0.637 m.
2
27. Problem – Cont.
Á Pressure at the base of the container along the perimeter
h = 1.363 + 1.27 = 2.633 m.
p = gw h
p = 9.81(2.633) = 25.83 kPa

 Volume of the paraboloid formed by the rotation of the vessel

πr 2 y
V=
2
π(1)2 (1.27)
V= = 1.995 say 2 m3
2
28. PROBLEM
An open cylindrical tank 1.0 m. diameter and 2.5 m. high is 3/5 full of water. If the
tank is rotated about its vertical axis, what speed should it have, in rpm, so that

À The water could just reach the top of the tank without water being spilled out.
Á The depth of water at the center of the cylinder base is zero.
 There is no water at the bottom within a distance of 20 cm. from the vertical axis.

Solution:
À Speed in rpm so that water could just reach the top of the tank without water
being spilled out

ω
ω2 r2
y=
2g
1m
ω (0.5)
2 2
2= y=2
2(9.81) 2.5m

ω = 12.528 rad/sec. 1.5 m

12.528(60)
ω= 1m 1m
2π
ω = 119.64 rpm
28. Problem – Cont.
Á Speed in rpm so that the depth of water at the center of the cylinder base is
zero
ω2 r2 ω
y=
2g
ω 2 (0.5)2
2.5 =
2(9.81)
ω = 14 rad/sec.
14(60)
ω=
2π
y=2.5
ω = 133.76 rpm

1m

 Speed in rpm so that there is no water at the bottom within a distance of 20

cm. from the vertical axis
28. Problem – Cont.
ω 2 (0.5)2
y=
2g
ω 2 (0.2)2 ω
y - 2.5 =
2g r =0.5

2g y
ω2 =
(0.5)2
ω 2 = 8g y

(y - 2.5)(2g) y 2.5
ω2 =
(0.2)2 0.20
ω = 50g (y - 2.5)
2

8g y = 50g (y - 2.5) y-2.5

8y = 50y - 125
y = 2.976 1m

ω 2 = 8g y
ω 2 = 8(9.81)(2.976)
ω = 15.28 rad/sec.
15.28(60)
ω= = 145.94 rpm
2π