Chapter 3 Mass Relationshipw21

Mass Relationships in
Chemical Reactions
Chapter 3
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Average atomic mass (63.55)
2
The Mole (mol): A unit to count numbers of particles
Dozen = 12
Pair = 2
The mole (mol) es la cantidad de sustancia que

equivale a 6.0221415 x 1023
De particulas (de cosas)
1 mol = NA = 6.0221415 x 1023
3
Molar mass es la masa de 1 mol de alguna cosa:
sustancia
Ejemplo: masa molar de agua
Masa de 1 mol de agua
Masa de 6.0221415 x 1023 moleculas de agua
1 mol de CO2 tiene una masa de 44 g/mol

Es decir 6.0221415 x 1023 moleculas de CO2 tiene una masa
de 44 g (un peso de 44 g)
For any element

atomic mass = masa en gramos de 1 mol (Tabla) 4
One Mole of:
C S
Hg
Cu Fe
5
M = molar mass in g/mol
NA = Avogadro’s number 6
• Calcule el numero de molecula de PFOS que se
encuentran en un organismo si se detecta que hay 4 nmol
(nanomoles)
• Nano  1 x 10-9
• Masa molar del PFOS = 500 g/mol
4 nmol = 4 x 10-9 moles
1 mol PFOS contiene  6.02 x 1023 moleculas de PFOS
En 4 nmol no tenemos 1 mol:
1 mol  6.02 x 1023
4 x 10-9 mol  x
4 x 10-9 mol (6.02 x 1023 / 1 mol) = 2.4 x1015 PFOS

7
Molecular mass or Molar mass (or molecular weight)
the atomic masses in a molecule.
1S 32.07
2O + 2 x 16.00
SO2 64.07
SO2
For any molecule
molecular mass (grams)
1 molecule SO2 = 64.07

1 mole SO2 = 64.07 g SO2
8
Example 3.6
Methane (CH4) is the principal component of natural gas.
How many moles of CH4 are present in 6.07 g of CH4?

1) Cuanto es una mol? 1 C + 4 H = 12 +(4 x1) = 16 g/mol
Significa que 1 mol pesa 16 g
2) Tengo 1 mol?? NOOOO! Porque no tengo 16 g, solo
tengo 6.07 g (ojo esto es menos que 1 mol)
3) Resuelvo:
6.07 g (1 mol/16g) = 0.38 mol
Example 3.6
Strategy
We are given grams of CH4 and asked to solve for moles of
CH4.
What conversion factor do we need to convert between grams

and moles?
Arrange the appropriate conversion factor so that grams cancel

and the unit moles are obtained for your answer.
Example 3.6
Solution
The conversion factor needed to convert between grams and
moles is the molar mass. First we need to calculate the molar
mass of CH4, following the procedure in Example 3.5:
molar mass of CH4
C  masa atómica (tabla) = 12 x 1 C =12
H  masa atómica (tabla) = 1 x 4 H = 4
Total  12 +4 = 16
Because
1 mol CH4 = 16.04 g CH4
the conversion factor we need should have grams in the

denominator so that the unit g will cancel, leaving the unit mol
in the numerator:
Example 3.6
We now write
Thus, there is 0.378 mole of CH4 in 6.07 g of CH4.
Check
Should 6.07 g of CH4 equal less than 1 mole of CH4?
What is the mass of 1 mole of CH4?

Example 3.10
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)
is a principal mineral
of copper.
Calculate the number

of kilograms of Cu in
3.71 × 103 kg of
chalcopyrite.
Chalcopyrite.
Example 3.10
Strategy Chalcopyrite is composed of Cu, Fe, and S. The
mass due to Cu is based on its percentage by mass in the
compound.
Calculo cuanto cobre hay en la formula (porcentaje)
Solution la masa molar del solido 183.5 g/mol; de ahí, el

cobre pese 63.5 g. Por lo tanto el % de Cu es
Example 3.10
To calculate the mass of Cu in a 3.71 × 103 kg sample of
CuFeS2, we need to convert the percentage to a fraction (that
is, convert 34.63 % to 34.63/100, = 0.3463) and write
mass of Cu in CuFeS2 = 0.3463 × (3.71 × 103 kg)

= 1.28 × 103 kg
A process in which one or more substances is changed into one
or more new substances is a chemical reaction.
A chemical equation uses chemical symbols to show what
happens during a chemical reaction:
reactants products
3 ways of representing the reaction of H2 with O2 to form H2O
16
How to “Read” Chemical Equations
2 Mg + O2 2 MgO
2 moles Mg + 1 mole O2  2 moles MgO

48.6 grams Mg + 32.0 grams O2  80.6 g MgO
NOT
2 grams Mg + 1 gram O2 makes 2 g MgO
17
Balancing Chemical Equations
1. Write the correct formula(s) for the reactants on

the left side and the correct formula(s) for the
product(s) on the right side of the equation.
Ethane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water
C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
2. Change the numbers in front of the formulas

(coefficients) to make the number of atoms of
each element the same on both sides of the
equation. Do not change the subscripts.
2C2H6 NOT C4H12
18
3. Start by balancing those elements that appear in

only one reactant and one product.
C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O start with C or H but not O
2 carbon 1 carbon
multiply CO2 by 2
on left on right
C2H6 + O2 2CO2 + H2O
6 hydrogen 2 hydrogen
multiply H2O by 3
on left on right
C2H6 + O2 2CO2 + 3H2O 19
4. Balance those elements that appear in two or

more reactants or products.
C2H6 + O2 2CO2 + 3H2O multiply O2 by 7
2
2 oxygen 4 oxygen + 3 oxygen = 7 oxygen

on left (2x2) (3x1) on right
C2H6 + 7 O2 remove fraction

2CO2 + 3H2O
2 multiply both sides by 2
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
20
5. Check to make sure that you have the same

number of each type of atom on both sides of the
equation.
2C2H6 + 7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O
4 C (2 x 2) 4C
12 H (2 x 6) 12 H (6 x 2)
14 O (7 x 2) 14 O (4 x 2 + 6)
Reactants Products
4C 4C
12 H 12 H
14 O 14 O
21
Amounts of Reactants and Products
1. Write balanced chemical equation

2. Convert quantities of known substances into moles
3. Use coefficients in balanced equation to calculate the
number of moles of the sought quantity
22
4. Convert moles of sought quantity into desired units
Example 3.13
If 856 g of C6H12O6 is consumed by a person over a certain period, Cual es
el volume del CO2 producido en Quito y cual es el volume en Guayaquil.
Las temperaturas de Quito T=15C temp en Guayaquil T = 30C?
Tengo 856 g x
Moles 856 g (1 mol/180 g)
Moles 4.76 mol
Relacion 1 glucosa    6 CO2
Tengo 4.76 - 6 x 4.76 = 28.53 mol CO2
C6H12O6  masa molar 6 x 12 (C) + 12 x 1 (H) + 6 x 16 (O) = 180 g/mol
Para calculo con gases use capitulo 5 ecuación: PV=nRT

Example 3.13
Strategy
Looking at the balanced equation, how do we compare the
amounts of C6H12O6 and CO2?
We can compare them based on the mole ratio from the

balanced equation. Starting with grams of C6H12O6, how do we
convert to moles of C6H12O6?
Once moles of CO2 are determined using the mole ratio from
the balanced equation, how do we convert to grams of CO2?
Example 3.13
Solution We follow the preceding steps and Figure 3.8.
Step 1: The balanced equation is given in the problem.

Step 2: To convert grams of C6H12O6 to moles of C6H12O6, we
write
Step 3: From the mole ratio, we see that
1 mol C6H12O6 ≏ 6 mol CO2.

Therefore, the number of moles of CO2 formed is
Example 3.13
Step 4: Finally, the number of grams of CO2 formed is given by
After some practice, we can combine the conversion steps
into one equation:

Example 3.13
Check Does the answer seem reasonable?
Should the mass of CO2 produced be larger than the mass of

C6H12O6 reacted, even though the molar mass of CO2 is
considerably less than the molar mass of C6H12O6?
What is the mole ratio between CO2 and C6H12O6?

Limiting Reagent:
Reactant used up first in
the reaction. 2NO + O 2NO2
2
Si reaccionan 4.5 mol de NO con 3.8 mol de O2, cuanto 2NO2
voy a producer?
Metodo 1:
2NO + O2 2NO2
4.5 mol  ?
NO 4.5 mol NO2
2NO + O2 2NO2
3.8 mol  ?
O2 7.6 mol NO2
4.5 < 7.6, entonces NO es limitante y prod es 4.5 28
Limiting Reagent:
Reactant used up first in
the reaction. 2NO + O 2NO2
2
Si reaccionan 4.5 mol de NO con 3.8 mol de O2, cuanto 2NO2

voy a producer?
2NO + O2 2NO2
Tengo 4.5….cuanto necesito del oxigeno para reaccionar todo el 4.5 mol?
2 mol NO ---- 1 mol O2

4.5 mol NO ----- ?
Entonces cuanto seria de O2? La mitad 4.5/2 = 2.25 mol de O2 necesito.
Tengo? Tengo 2.25 mol de O2? Claro que si, entonces O2 tengo y me sobre, por
lo tanto el oxigeno no es reactive limitante.
29

Chapter 3 Mass Relationshipw21

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3 Mass Relationshipw21

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Chapter 3 Mass Relationshipw21

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mass Relationships in

The mole (mol) es la cantidad de sustancia que

1 mol de CO2 tiene una masa de 44 g/mol

For any element

4 x 10-9 mol (6.02 x 1023 / 1 mol) = 2.4 x1015 PFOS

1 molecule SO2 = 64.07

How many moles of CH4 are present in 6.07 g of CH4?

What conversion factor do we need to convert between grams

Arrange the appropriate conversion factor so that grams cancel

the conversion factor we need should have grams in the

Thus, there is 0.378 mole of CH4 in 6.07 g of CH4.

What is the mass of 1 mole of CH4?

Calculate the number

Calculo cuanto cobre hay en la formula (porcentaje)

Solution la masa molar del solido 183.5 g/mol; de ahí, el

mass of Cu in CuFeS2 = 0.3463 × (3.71 × 103 kg)

2 moles Mg + 1 mole O2  2 moles MgO

1. Write the correct formula(s) for the reactants on

2. Change the numbers in front of the formulas

3. Start by balancing those elements that appear in

4. Balance those elements that appear in two or

2 oxygen 4 oxygen + 3 oxygen = 7 oxygen

C2H6 + 7 O2 remove fraction

5. Check to make sure that you have the same

1. Write balanced chemical equation

C6H12O6  masa molar 6 x 12 (C) + 12 x 1 (H) + 6 x 16 (O) = 180 g/mol

Para calculo con gases use capitulo 5 ecuación: PV=nRT

We can compare them based on the mole ratio from the

Step 1: The balanced equation is given in the problem.

Step 3: From the mole ratio, we see that

1 mol C6H12O6 ≏ 6 mol CO2.

After some practice, we can combine the conversion steps

into one equation:

Should the mass of CO2 produced be larger than the mass of

What is the mole ratio between CO2 and C6H12O6?

Si reaccionan 4.5 mol de NO con 3.8 mol de O2, cuanto 2NO2

2 mol NO ---- 1 mol O2

You might also like