Pre Cal Learner S Packet Q1 Week 1
Pre Cal Learner S Packet Q1 Week 1
Pre Cal Learner S Packet Q1 Week 1
Let Us Study
CONIC SECTIONS
We introduce the conic sections (or conics), a particular class of curves that
oftentimes appear in nature and which have applications in other fields. One of the
first shapes we learned, a circle, is a conic. When you throw a ball, the trajectory it
takes is a parabola. The orbit taken by each planet around the sun is an ellipse.
Properties of hyperbolas have been used in the design of certain telescopes and
navigation systems.
The parabola, ellipse, hyperbola, and circle are called conic sections or simply
conics. The term “conic section” means that each figure is formed when a plane
intersects a right circular cone. The degenerate cases of the conic sections include a
point, a line, and two intersecting lines.
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A plane can intersect or cut a double-napped right circular cone in various
ways. (Nappes are the surfaces of the cones, see Figure 1.)
nappes
https://mathworld.wolfr
am.com/Nappe.html
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4
Now, try the activities in the next pages to check your understanding of the discussion
of the lesson.
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PICTURE ANALYSIS
Try This!
Directions: Determine the type of conics shown in each figure below. Write your
answer on the space provided.
, 4 2020
wonderseeds.blogspot.com retrieved May
clausentech.com retrieved May 4, 2020
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Since you are done identifying the different conics in real-life representations, illustrate them
through the next activity.
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Do More! ILLUSTRATE ME!
An ellipse is a curve
formed when a ______
2. ELLIPSE plane intersects only one
cone to
form a _______ curve.
A parabola is a curve
formed when a ______
3. PARABOLA plane intersects only one
cone to form an _______
curve.
A hyperbola is a curve
formed when a plane
4. HYPERBOLA
intersects both cones to
form _________.
Conics are useful! Let’s see if you can find them in your place by doing the next activity.
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WORTH IT, CONICS ARE EVERYWHERE!
Directions: Look around your house or think about the things that
Challenge represent conics. Paste pictures or sketch them and write their
Yourself! importance to you or to your community. You will realize that
conics are everywhere and worth learning!
A. CONIC IMPORTANCE/
PICTURE OR SKETCH
SECTION USEFULNESS
1. CIRCLE
2. ELLIPSE
3. PARABOLA
4. HYPERBOLA
B. DEGENERATE IMPORTANCE/
PICTURE OR SKETCH
CONICS USEFULNESS
1. POINT
2. ONE LINE
3. TWO LINES
Are you now ready to broaden your understanding of circles? The next lesson will help
you. Please read and analyze it carefully.
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DEFINITION OF CIRCLE AND ITS EQUATION IN STANDARD FORM
Definition of Circle
The circle is the simplest and best-known conic section. It is the intersection
of a plane perpendicular to the cone's axis. A circle is the set of points in a plane
whose distance from a given fixed point in the plane is constant. The fixed point is
the center of the circle; the constant distance is the radius.
The geometric definition of a circle is the locus of all points a constant distance
r from a point (h, k) and forming the circumference (C). The distance r is
the radius (r) of the circle, and the point 0 = (h, k) is the circle's center (also spelled
as centre). The diameter (d) is twice the length of the radius.
= 5
There are other points 𝑃 such that 𝑃𝐶 = 5
and the collection of all such points which are
units away from 𝐶, forms a circle.
Figure 1
Using the discussion above, we shall define a circle by letting (h, k) be the
center of a circle and (𝑥, 𝑦) be any point on the circle (see Figure 2).
https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/geometry/definition-of-circle.html
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Figure 2
Look at the picture below for additional information about the parts of a
circle.
https://www.slideshare.net/JohnPaulHablado1/quick-and-easy-way-of-determining-the- center-and-radius-of-the-general-form-of-circles-equation
Answer:
a) Center (0, 0), radius 7
b) Center (6, 5), radius 7
You can find this by getting the coordinates of the center (x, y) and counting
the number of units from the center to the surface of the circle.
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3. 4.
https://www.slideshare.net/JohnPaulHablado1/quick-and-easy-way-of-determining-the- center-and-radius-of-the-general-form-of-circles-equation
https://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/geometry/definition-of-circle.html
Figure 5
Clearly, we see in the figure that 𝐶𝑃 = 𝑟, where 𝑟 > 0. Then, by using the
distance formula and by substitution, we have
√(x2 − x1)2 + (y2 − y1)2 = 𝑑
or (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐
This is the equation of the circle with center at (ℎ, 𝑘) and radius 𝑟. If the
center is the origin, then ℎ = 0 and 𝑘 = 0. The standard equation is then
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐.
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Examples:
A. Find the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions.
Figure 6
Solutions:
1. The required equation can be obtained by using 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐, since the center
is at the origin. If 𝑟 = 5, therefore the equation is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 52 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 25.
2. Using the standard equation (𝒙 − 𝒉) + (𝒚 − 𝒌) = 𝒓𝟐, where ℎ = −4, 𝑘 = 3, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = √7,
2 2 2
then the required equation of the circle is (𝑥 + 4) + (𝑦 − 3) = (√7) circle 𝑜𝑟
(𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 7
3. The center is 5 units away from the y-axis, so the radius is 𝑟 = 5 (you can
make a sketch to see why). The equation is (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 25.
4. The center 𝐶 is the midpoint of 𝐴 and 𝐵. To find the coordinate of point 𝐶,
x +x y + y
use the midpoint formula and by substitution, we have C = 1,2 2 , 1 2 2 =
−1+ 1 4+2
2
, 2 = (0, 3). The radius is then 𝑟 = 𝐴𝐶 = √(−1 − 0)2 + (4 − 3)2 = √2. The
circle has an equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 2.
5. The center is at (3, 0) and the radius is 4. Using the standard equation
(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 , where ℎ = 3, 𝑘 = 0, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟 = 4, then the required equation
of the circle is (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 42 or (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 16.
B. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item.
1. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 36
2. (𝑥 − 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 8
1
3. 𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 4
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4. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 − 6𝑦 − 3 = 0
5. 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 16𝑥 − 24𝑦 + 51 = 0 (Completing the square to find a circle's
center and radius always works in this manner.)
Solutions:
1. Center (0, 0) and radius 6
2. Center (3, 0) and radius √8 𝑜𝑟 2√2
1
3. Center (0, 1) and radius 2
𝑎 𝑏
4. 𝐶 (ℎ, 𝑘) = ( , ) use formula for finding the center
−2 −2
4 −6
𝐶 (ℎ, 𝑘) = (−2 , −2) substitute 4 for a, and -6 for b
𝑟 = √ℎ2 + 𝑘 2 − 𝑐
𝑟 = √10 simplify
𝑟 = 3.16
5. Please follow these steps for you to arrive at the correct answer.
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How did you find the examples presented in each learning situation? Were you able to
follow? This is now your turn to apply what you have learned.
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Create your ARCONICS or ARTWORK made out of CONICS. You
can choose one or a combination of different conics in making your
masterpiece. Include a written or video explanation regarding the
following: materials used, its usefulness, and reasons or inspiration for
making it.
Criteria Points/Percentage
Total 100
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Do More: ILLUSTRATE ME!
Try this!
4. D 3. B 2. D 1. B
Do More:
5. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 181 4. (𝑥 + 3)2 + 𝑦 2 = 100
3. (𝑥 + 18)2 + (𝑦 + 9)2 = 1 2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 8 1. (𝑥 − 11)2 + (𝑦 + 8)2 = 74
Match Up!
VI. Reflection
Directions: Complete the following statements. You may use an
additional sheet if needed.
1. What I enjoyed most in this lesson is/are ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. I find difficulty in _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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3. I want to learn more in ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
VII. References
Creative Learning. “Conic Section 3D Animation.” YouTube video, 5:27. September 22, 2015.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HO2zAU3Eppo
Feliciano, Florentino and Uy, Fausto. Modern Analytic Geometry. Merriam & Webster
Bookstore, Inc.1994
Hablado, John Paul. “Quick and Easy Way of Determining the Center and Radius of the
General Form of Circle's Equation.” Slideshare. September 08, 2017.
https://www.slideshare.net/JohnPaulHablado1/quick-and-easy-way-of-determining-the-
center-and-radius-of-the-general-form-of-circles-equation
Stapel, Elizabeth. "Completing the Square: Circle Equations." Purplemath. August 27, 2021.
https://www.purplemath.com/modules/sqrcircle.htm.
JOMER O. RUZ
CYNTHIA U. SEVA
Smile Learner’s Packet Writer
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