Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and Meiosis
Introduction
In order for organisms to grow, cells have two options: they must either
replicate themselves to create more cells, or the cells themselves must
expand in volume. In humans, tissues such as the skin and blood contain cells
that are actively dividing, whilst other tissues such as fat contain cells
that expand (good if you need energy for winter, bad if you are trying to fit
into some expensive jeans). Other cells, such as neurons, will never divide
again once they are terminally differentiated; they are post-mitotic.
Mitosis Meiosis
Summary
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
The cell plasma membrane pinches, to leave two daughter cells with
separate plasma membranes.
Mitosis Chromosomes
Stage
Interphase Are uncondensed but are still organised. The entire genome
is replicated to create two identical semi-conserved copies
of each chromosome.
Metaphase Align along the metaphase plate, the midpoint between the
two centrosomes. Sister chromatids are joined at the
centromere by proteins that form a structure called a
kinetochore.
Anaphase Cohesin is cleaved at the centromere of chromosomes,
resulting in sister chromatids being pulled to opposite poles
of the cell.
Mitosis Centrosomes
Stage
Prophase Intact.
Cytokinesis Intact.
Interphase Intact.
Prophase Intact.
Metaphase Intact.
Anaphase Intact.
Telophase Intact.
Cytokinesis Pinches to form two separate membranes around the two daughter
cells.
PREPARED BY:
SHIELA B. MENDOZA
202205660
MSBIO 1-2