Introduction To Information, Information Science and Information

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION,
INFORMATION SCIENCE AND

INFORMATION SYSTEMS
May Gabaldon, M.D.
Subject: Medical Informatics
FEU-NRMF School of Medicine
202308
OBJECTIVES
Reflect on the progression from data to information to knowledge
Describe the term information
Assess how information is acquired
Explore the characteristics of quality information
Describe an information system
Describe information dissemination and feedback
Define information science
Assess how information is processed
Explore how knowledge is generated in information science
HEALTH CARE INFORMATION
ISSUES
Ownership Access Disclosure Exchange
Security Privacy Disposal Dissemination

HEALTH CARE INFORMATION
Health Information
Health Information Solutions Exchange Systems
• encompasses a wide range of • Focus on the secure and
technologies designed to manage, interoperable exchange of health
store, and analyze health-related information between different
data within a healthcare healthcare organizations and
organization systems.
• Uses: to improve the efficiency and • Goal: to facilitate the seamless
effectiveness of healthcare sharing of patient data across
services, streamline administrative healthcare providers, regardless of
processes, enhance patient care, the technology platform or vendor
and facilitate communication used by each organization
among healthcare providers.
DATA VS INFORMATION
Data Information
Refers to raw facts that have
no meaning
Processed data
Independent of information
that have meaning
Dependent on
Raw data is insufficient to
make a decision data
TYPES OF DATA
Alphabet Numeric Audio
Image Video
USE OF DATA IN HEALTH CARE
Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

• Fracture • Compound • Diagnosis • Treatment
plan
IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF DATA
Integrity Quality
• Refers to whole, complete, correct and • Data that are relevant and
consistent data accurately represent their
• Compromised corresponding concepts
• Human errors • Dirty
• Virus, worms, bugs • Data base contains errors
• Hardware failures or crashes • Duplicate
• Hackers • Incomplete
• Safeguards thru information technology • Outdated
• Routine Back-up • It is imperative that data be
• Error detection clean to obtain quality
• User interface that help people enter data information
correctly
GOOD QUALITY INFORMATION
Valuable
Good Quality
Information
Meaningful
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD
QUALITY INFORMATION
Accessibility Reliability
Security Objectivity
Timeliness
Utility
Accuracy
Transparency
Relevancy
Completeness Verifiability
Flexibility Reproducibility
QUALITY INFORMATION
Accessibility The right user must be able to obtain the right
information at the right time and in the right format to
meet his or her needs
Security Unauthorized users must be blocked while authorized

user is provided with open, easy access
Timeliness Information is available when it is needed for the right

purpose and at the right time
QUALITY INFORMATION
Accurate There are no errors in the data and information
Relevant Applicable to ones needs

information
Complete Contains all necessary essential data
Flexible Information can be used for a variety of purpose
Reliable Clean data gathered by authorized and credible sources

QUALITY INFORMATION
Objective Close to the truth. Not subjective or biased, factual or impartial
Utility Ability to provide the right information at the right time to the right
person for the right purpose
Transparency Allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their task while
the tools housing the information disappear
Verifiable One can check to prove that the information is correct
Reproducibility Ability to produce the same information again

Computers
ACQUISITION Response
(output /
OF (output)
input)
INFORMATION
Senses
(input)
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge
• Awareness and
understanding of
Information a set of
information and
ways that
Data information can
be made useful to
support a specific
task or arrive at a
decision
KNOWLEDGE
BUILDING
Informed
Learn
(re-
Ongoing process (re-learn)
informed)
engaged in while
a person is
conscious and
going about ones Discover
daily activities (re-discover)
INFORMATION SCIENCE
INFORMATION SCIENCE Technology
integration
• Input
Science of information, • Processing
• Output
studying the application • Feedback
and usage of information
and knowledge in
organizations and the
interface or interaction Application of Stakeholders
Information perspective and
between people, Technology application
organizations , and
information systems (IS)
INFORMATION SCIENCE
Interdisciplinary
Cognitive science
Communication science
Computer Social
science science
Library science
Social science
INFORMATION PROCESSING
Information can be considered
data made functional through Knowledge Viability
application of knowledge
•Applications that offer easily
accessible, accurate, and
Link people and technology timely information obtained
from a variety of resources
Ability of machines to support and and methods presented in a
facilitate the functioning of manner so as to provide
people to generate knowledge necessary elements to
and scientific discovery generate knowledge
Technology Information Knowledge Practical

results
• Hardware
• Software
• Networking
• Algorithms
• Human Organic IS
WISDOM
Ability to act appropriately
Uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and

insight to exercise sound judgement in practical matters
Highest form of common sense resulting from accumulated knowledge
Ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience,

understanding, and insight while being prudent and sensible
KNOWLEDGE abounds with others’ thoughts and information whereas

WISDOM is focused on one’s own mind and the synthesis of one’s own
experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (IS)
Lab INTEGRATED
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Handle the needs of

Phar- Inter-
Finance
the entire organization
macy operability
Interoperability
•Interdepartmental sharing
Clinical
Depts
and information exchange
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Combination of hardware, software and telecommunications network that
people build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data in
organizational settings
Collection of interconnected elements that gather, process, store and distribute
data and information while providing a feedback structure to meet an objective
They are only as functional as the decision-making capabilities, problem-solving

skills, and programming potency built in and the quality of data and information
input into them
Should be user-friendly, providing the right information at the right time and in the
right place
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Data / Input Acquisition
Processing
Retrieval Analysis Synthesis
Output / Dissemination
Alerts and
Reports Documents Summaries Outcomes
Prompts
Response / Feedback
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Input or Data Acquisition Processing

• Activity of collecting or Refers to alteration and
acquiring raw data transformation of data into
• Utilization of input Device useful information and outputs
• hardware, software, Storing, comparing data,
telecommunications calculations, applying formulas,
• keyboards, light pens, taking selective actions
touch screens, mouse,
automatic scanners Processing devices: processing
chips
Reports Designed to inform and are tailored
to the context of a given situation or
user group
Documents Represent information that can be

printed, saved, emailed or shared or
INFORMATION displayed
SYSTEM Summaries Condensed versions of the original,
designed to highlight major points
Output or
Dissemination Alerts Warnings, feedbacks, or additional
information necessary to assist the
•Production of user in interacting with the system
useful
Outcomes Expected results of inputs and
information processing
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Feedback Refers to information from the system

that is used to make modifications in the
input, processing actions, or outputs
Used to verify and correct the input

WRITE A REFLECTION PAPER
How do you acquire information? Choose 2 hours out of your busy day, list
down all the information that you have received, indicate where the
information came from and how you knew it was information and not
data.
Reflect on an IS with which you are familiar (eg. Automatic Banking
Machine, Moodle LMS). How does this IS function? What are the
advantages of using this system? What are the disadvantages? Are there
enhancements that you would add to this system?
Type in your reflection in Moodle as online text limited to 300 words.
Accomplish and submit the output of your work on the specified deadline
INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION,
INFORMATION SCIENCE AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Thank you for your kind attention
202308

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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION,

INFORMATION SCIENCE AND

Ownership Access Disclosure Exchange

Security Privacy Disposal Dissemination

Alphabet Numeric Audio

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

Security Unauthorized users must be blocked while authorized

Timeliness Information is available when it is needed for the right

Relevant Applicable to ones needs

Flexible Information can be used for a variety of purpose

Reliable Clean data gathered by authorized and credible sources

Reproducibility Ability to produce the same information again

Technology Information Knowledge Practical

Uses knowledge and experience to heighten common sense and

Highest form of common sense resulting from accumulated knowledge

Ability to apply valuable and viable knowledge, experience,

KNOWLEDGE abounds with others’ thoughts and information whereas

Handle the needs of

They are only as functional as the decision-making capabilities, problem-solving

Input or Data Acquisition Processing

Documents Represent information that can be

Feedback Refers to information from the system

Used to verify and correct the input

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