2023 Test 1 Memo
2023 Test 1 Memo
2023 Test 1 Memo
Q1a. You are required to design a waterworks system for the Ethekwini municipality. The first step in the design is to
estimate the volume of water needed in the city. As a professional, how would you achieve this?
Answer
The number of people to be served, their capita consumption, lifestyle, and other related variables are used.
The consumption in litres per capita per day refers to the individual rate of water consumption daily.
This is obtained by dividing the total daily water consumption by the total number of people in a municipality.
b. The five-decade population from 1980 to 2010 for a new and rapidly developing city is given in the table below. Using
the appropriate population estimation method, Find the population of the city after three decades.
If 525 lpcd of water is to be supplied to the city, what would be the capacity of the distribution system. Calculate fire
demand using the kuichlings formula.
Answer
Population in 2030:
Population in 2040:
Population in 2050:
= 0.451 m3/s
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑(𝑀𝐻𝐷) = 1.5 × 𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥. = 1.5 × 70.05 = 105.08𝑀𝐿𝐷 = 1.215 𝑚3/𝑠
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝐹𝐷 > 𝑀𝐻𝐷 ∴ 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 = 109.5 𝑀𝐿𝐷 (1.267 𝑚3/𝑠)
2a. Write briefly on the elements of a Municipal Water Supply Management systems.
Collection works
Purification works
Transmission works
Distribution works
2b.
A municipal wastewater-treatment plant discharges secondary effluent to a surface stream. The worst
conditions are known to occur when the water temperature is high. Under this condition, measurements
are taken to determine the characteristics of the wastewater and steam flows. The wastewater is found to
have maximum flow rate of 20,000 m 3/day, BOD5 of 35 mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration of 2mg/L,
and temperature of 250C. The stream (upstream from the point of wastewater discharge) is found to have
a minimum flow rate of 0.3 m3/s, BOD of 5 mg/L, dissolved oxygen concentration of 10 mg/L, and
temperature of 220C. Complete mixing of the wastewater and stream is almost instantaneous, and the
velocity of the mixture is 0.4m/s. From the flow regime, the reaeration constant is estimated to be 0.4
day–1 and biodegradation constant is 0.26 day–1 for 200C.
Dissolved oxygen
Temperature
Stream reaeration
=2.16 d