Trigonometric Functions

Positive and Negative Angle

Positive angle Negative angle

- Anticlockwise - Clockwise

The Cartesian Plane can be divided into four parts called Quadrants

1. Represent each of the following angles using a circular diagram and state the quadrant where angle is in
a) 500º b) 22 π radians c) – 505º d) – 2 π radians
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Questions 5.1

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Six Trigonometric Functions of any angle

Tangent, Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant

Definition of Cotangent, Secant and Cosecant

sin θ = cos (90º – θ) cos θ = sin (90º – θ) tan θ = cot (90º – θ)

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The values of the trigonometric ratios of the special angles 30º, 45º and 60º

Trigonometry ratios of angles between 0º and 360º

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2. Given that sin 150º = 0.5 and cos 150º = – 0.866, find the values of
a) tan 150º b) cot 150º c) sec 150º d) cosec 150º

3. Express each of the following trigonometric functions in terms of the trigonometric ratios of acute
angles. Hence, find each of the value using a calculator
a) sec 155º b) cosec 260º c) cot ( 5 π) d) sec 730º
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e) cos (– 338º) f) tan (– 174º) g) cosec (– 13 π) h) cot 500º

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θ 0º 30º 45º 60º 90º 180º 270º

Sin

Cos

Tan

Sec

Cosec

Cot

4. Using the values of the trigonometric ratios of the angles 30º, 45º and 60º, find the value of each of the
following trigonometric functions. State your answer in terms of surds (square roots)
a) sin ( 7 π) b) sec 150º c) cot (– 120º)
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d) cos 60º cos 45º e) sin (–300º) tan (–210º) – 1 . f) tan π cos 5 π – 1 .
cos 30º cos (–135º) 4 3 sin 7 π
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Questions 5.2

Simple Trigonometric Equations

5. Find all the angles between 0º and 360º that satisfy each of the following trigonometric equations
a) sin θ = 0.5427 b) sin θ = – 0.8603 c) cos θ = 0.9015

d) cos θ = – 0.3407 e) tan θ = 1.3378 f) tan θ = – 1.6725

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6. Find all the angles between 0º and 360º that satisfy each of the following trigonometric equations
a) cos 2x = 0.7123 b) tan 3x = – 0.4804 c) sin (2x – 10º) = – 0.6582

7. Without using calculator or tables, find all the angles between 0º and 360º that satisfy each of the
following trigonometric equations
a) sin x = cos 72º b) sec x = cosec 58º c) tan 2x = –cot 76º

Questions 5.3

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Graphs of the Functions of Sine, Cosine and Tangent

Graph of y = sin x
sin 0º =
sin 90º =
sin 180º =
sin 270º =
sin 360º =

Function y = sin x is periodic with a period of 360º

Max value = Min value =

Graph of y = cos x
cos 0º =
cos 90º =
cos 180º =
cos 270º =
cos 360º =

Function y = cos x is periodic with a

period of 360º
Max value = Min value =

Graph y = tan x

tan 0º =
tan 90º =
tan 180º =
tan 270º =
tan 360º =

Function y = tan x is periodic with a period of

180º
Max value = Min value =

As x approaches 90º, 270º, 450º, 630º and so on,

the function y = tan x approaches ∞ (positive of
negative)

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8. Sketch the graph of each of the following trigonometric functions for 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
a) y = 2 sin x b) y = 4 cos x c) y = sin 2x

d) y = cos 2x e) y = sin x + 1 f) y = cos x – 1

g) y = │ sin x│ h) y = │cos x│ i) y = – sin x

j) y = – cos x k) y = tan 2x l) y = │4 sin 2x│

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Questions 5.4

Answer 5.1

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Answer 5.2 Answer 5.3 Answer 5.4

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Basic Trigonometric Identities
 Three basic trigonometric identities:

Basic quantities are also known as Pythagorean identities

 Proof for the identity sin² θ + cos² θ = 1

 Proof for the identity tan² θ + 1 = sec² θ

 Proof for the identity 1 + cot² θ = cosec² θ

9. Prove each of the following trigonometric identites

a) cos² x = 1 + sin x b) cosec² y (sec² y – tan² y) – 1 = cot² y c) tan² z – sin² z = tan² z sin² z
1 – sin x

10. Find all the angles that satisfy the equation 3 tan θ = 4 sin θ for 0º ≤ x ≤ 360º

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11. Find all the angles that satisfy each of the following equations for 0º ≤ x ≤ 360º
a) 5 cos² x + 2 cos x – 3 = 0 b) 2 tan² x – sec x + 1 = 0

12. Express 4 tan² θ + sin² θ in terms of cos² θ 13. Given that x = 3 tan θ and y = 2 cos² θ, show
that x²y + 9y = 18

14. Find the value of x between 0º ≤ x ≤ 360º that satisfy the following equations:
a) 2 cos² x = 1 + sin x b) 2 sec² x = 5 tan x

15. Prove the following identities:

a) 1 – tan² x = 1 – 2 sin² x b) sin³ θ + sin θ = tan θ sec θ
1 + tan² x cos² θ

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16. Show that (sin θ + cos θ)² = 1 + 2 sin θ cos θ. Than find the possible values of sin θ + cos θ
if sin θ cos θ = 7
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Questions 5.5

Answer 5.5

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Formulae of Sin (A ± B), Cos (A ± B), Tan (A ± B)
 The adding (or compound-angled) formulae are:

Formulae of Sin 2A, Cos 2A, Tan 2A

 The double-angled formulae are: Proofs for the formula sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A

Proofs for the formula cos 2A = cos² A – sin² A

= 2 cos² A – 1
= 1 – 2 sin² A

 The half-angled formulae are:

Proofs for the formulae tan 2A = 2 tan A

1 – tan² A

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1. Simplify each of the following trigonometric functions as a single trigonometric ratio
a) sin 20º cos 50º + cos 20º sin 50º b) cos 65º cos 35º + sin 65º sin 35º

c) tan 30º + tan 10º d) 2 sin 34º cos 34º

1 – tan 30º tan 10º

e) cos² 42º – sin² 42º f) 2 tan 37º

1 – tan² 37º

2. It is given that cos θ = 12 , such that θ is an acute angle. Without using tables of calculator, find the
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values of
a) sin θ b) cos θ c) tan θ
2 2 2

3. Prove each of the following trigonometric identities:

a) tan x + cot x = 2 cosec 2x b) sin 2y + cos 2y + 1 = cot y
sin 2y – cos 2y + 1

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4. Prove 5. Prove
Cos (A + B) = cot A – tan B Sin θ = cot θ
Sin A cos B 1 – cos θ 2

6. Find all the angles that satisfy the equation 7. Find all the angles that satisfy the equation
Sin θ cos θ = 1 for 0º < θ < 360º 5 cos 2x + 9 sin x = 7 for 0º < θ < 360º
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Questions 5.6
Answer 5.6

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