Chapter (IV) Ny
Chapter (IV) Ny
Chapter (IV) Ny
Research Results
1) Subject
2) Predicate
3) Direct Object
4) Indirect Object
5) Complement
1.Subject
54
2.Predicate
3.Direct Object
55
4.Indirect Object
5.Subject Complement
Parts
Types of
N Indepen Depend Use
Sentence
o. dent ent Conjunctio
Structure
Clause Clause n
Simple
1 One None None
Sentence
Compound Two or
2 None Coordinate
Sentence More
Compound – Subordinate
Two or One or
4 Complex , Coordinate
More More
Sentence or Relative
57
2. Jack is crying.
3. The birds fly.
Table : 1
N
Subject Verb
o.
1 Jane walks.
2 Jack is crying.
Table : 2
N Indirect Direct
Subject Verb
o. Object Object
English
3 Jackie tells us
story.
Table : 3
N
Subject Verb Adjective
o.
1 He is handsome.
The
2 are intelligent.
students
Table : 4
N
Subject Verb Adverb
o.
The
4 are there.
students
Table : 5
N
Subject Verb Noun
o.
The
1 is woman.
professor
Table : 6
N Prepositi
Subject Verb Noun
o. on
My house is your
3 behind
house.
Table : 7
N To -
Subject Verb Object
o. infinitive
Thai
1 I want to study
language.
Michael
2 started to fight him.
Jame
to meditatio
3 She suggests
practice n.
65
The B.A
4 try to finish
students degree.
Table : 8
friend
Table : 9
N Complem
Subject Verb Object
o. ent
67
Table : 10
N Connec Subjec
Subject Verb Object
o. tor t
o. C
(Table : 2) = IC + Semicolon + IC
N Independent (;
Independent Clause
o. Clause )
graduated from
College.
high school
Complex
Sentence
Dependent
Clause
N
Dependent Clause Independent Clause
o.
N
Independent Clause Dependent Clause
o.
77
1. Subjective Case
2. Objective Case
3. Possessive Case
1. Subjective Case
3. Objective Case
Accidents of Verbs
Assertive Affixes
95
according to (his) will, /myó θó rauʔ ði/ = to arrive at the town,
but in all such cases, it will be evident, on a little
reflection, that the legitimate import of the affix is
preserved.
Lily ko ʃiʔ ði." = I love Lily. Here, "tɕənɔ" is the subject, "ði" is
subject-postpositional maker, "Lily" is the object, "ko" is the
object-postpositional maker, "ʃiʔ" is the verb and "ði" is the
verb-particle maker. Therefore different parts of speech
can be added to expand the sentence such as adverbial
phrase, prepositional phrase or other expression under
the simple sentence.
(Table : 1)
(Table : 2)
No S S- S-Compl V V- Eng-
. PPM PM Meaning
John saw is a
1 John Saw ði kyauǹ tiʔ youʔ pʰyiʔ ði.
student.
He is a
2 θū ði manager tiʔ youʔ pʰyiʔ ði.
manager.
They are
bɔ ka sà θə mà
3 θū dó ði
myà
pʰyiʔ kyá ði. football
players.
(Table : 3)
No S- Obj- V-
S Obj V Eng-Meaning
. PPM PPM PM
1 We help
ŋá dó ði mi ba myà ko kū ŋī kyá ði.
parents.
2 They beat
θū dó ði kʰwe ko riʔ kyá ði.
dog.
3 I study
tɕənɔ ði ʔin ga liʔ sā ko lɛ́ lā ði.
English.
(Table : 4)
Obj-
S- Obj-
No Obj- Com V- Eng-
Subj PP Obj Comp V
. PPM pl- PM Meaning
M l
PPM
Mg Ba
1 Mg Ba ði shwe ko laʔ suʔ louʔ ði. makes
gold ring.
104
Li Sa
2 Lisa ði tɕənɔ ko seiʔ pyiʔ ʔaun louʔ ði. makes me
upset.
Boss
kʰiń appoints
3 θa tʰɛ̀ ka θú ko manager
ʔəʔ
ði.
him
manager.
(Table : 5)
S- Dep
No V-
S PP Dep - V Eng-Meaning
. PM
M PPM
She departs
Don Maung tʰwəʔ kʰwā
3 θū mə ði
lɛ siʔ
hma
θwà
ði. from Don
Maung airport.
3. ŋā dó ði taun tʰiʔ ʔə tʰi taʔ kyá ði. = We climb until top of
mountain.
(Table : 6)
S- Arri-
No V-
S PP Arri PPM V Eng-Meaning
. PM
M
He studies until
1 θū ði Ph.D ʔə tʰi lə́ lā ði.
Ph.D.
θū dó ði pʰə rà ʔə tʰi laǹ chouʔ kyá ði.
2 They walk until
107
pagoda.
We climb until
3 θū dó ði taun tʰiʔ ʔə tʰi taʔ kyá ði. top of
mountain.
(Table : 7)
S- V-
N
S PP Obj Obj- Rec Rec- V P Eng-Meaning
o.
M PPM PPM M
I give book to
1 tɕənɔ ði sā ʔouʔ ko sʰa rā ʔə̀ pɛ̀ ði.
teacher.
Teacher
ʔin ga liʔ kyauǹ teaches the
3 sʰa rā ði
sā
ko
θà myà
ʔə̀ θin pɛ̀ ði.
students
English.
(Table : 8)
N S- Time- V-
S Time V Eng-Meaning
o. PPM PPM PM
I sleep in
1 tɕənɔ ði mə nɛʔ piè twin ʔiʔ ði.
morning.
The leaves
kywé
2 θiʔ rwaʔ dó ði nwɛ rā θī hniʔ
kyá
ði. fall in
summer.
(Table : 9)
De To
S-
N p- w- V-
S PP Dep Tow V Eng-Meaning
o. PP PP PM
M
M M
She comes
1 θū mə ði kyauǹ hma ʔin θó lā ði. from school to
house.
θū ði Mandalay hma Yangon θó θwà ði.
2 He goes from
Mandalay to
111
Yangon.
(Table : 10)
M M
I study B.A in
1 tɕənɔ ði B.A ko Thai hmā lɛ́ lā ði.
Thailand.
1. tɕənɔ sā mè pwɛ̀ ʔoun tɛ ló tɕənɔ ʔəme ka pyɔ tɛ.= My mother
says that I pass exam.
2. θū piʔ san kʰò θwà tā ko tɕənɔ twé tɛ. = I see that he steals
money.
1. tɕənɔ ʔəpʰe Thai nain ŋań ka pyan lā tā ko tɕənɔ twé tɛ. = I see
that my father comes back from Thailand.
2. tɕənɔ sā θin kʰaǹ ka tʰwaʔ θwà tā ko sʰa ra ka mə kyiʔ bū. = The
teacher doesn’t like that I leave from
classroom.
1. tɕənɔ paǹ kʰyiń θó θwà tā ko lū twe ka ʔəpyiʔ pyɔ kyá tɛ. = People
blame that I go to the park.
2. θū rwā θó pyan lā tā ko rwā θà twe ko kyō so kyá tɛ. = The
villagers welcome that he comes back to
village.
116
1. sʰa rā wan tiʔ youʔ pʰyiʔ θɔ Jame ði Thai hmā ʔəluʔ luʔ ði. = Jame
who is a doctor works in Thailand.
1. Mettā tətā ko sì pʰyiń θɔ puʔ ko ði siʔ chaǹ θā hmú ko kʰin sà ra ði. =
The one who spreads loving-kindness feels
happiness.
2. ʔin ga liʔ sa kà ko pyɔ nain θɔ John ði ʔəluʔ kauǹ ra ði. = John
who can speak English gets a good job.
1. θū mə pɛ̀ θɔ laʔ soun ko tɕənɔ laʔ kʰin ra ʃí ði. = I receive gift
(that) she gives.
2. tɕənɔ rauǹ θɔ piʔ sɛ̀ myá ko lu twe ka mə wɛ kyá bū. = People
do not buy the products (that) I sell.
Pattern (2): Subj + V + PM + Subj + V
1. θū mə sà θɔ paǹ θī ka mə cho bū. = The apple (which) she
eat is not sweet.
2. sʰa ra pɛ̀ liʔ θɔ puʔ sā ka kʰaʔ tɛ. = The sum (that) teacher
gives is difficult.
1. tɕənɔ sʰiʔ θɔ miń kʰə lɛ ka Thai hmā ne ði. = The girl (whom) I
love lives in Thailand.
2. tɕənɔ ʔə lɛ́ θwà kʰe ðí kaǹ kʰyɛ ka Thai hmā ʃí ði.= The beach
(where) I visited is in Thailand.
after, /θō lɛ/ = although, /rwɛ́ pyī nouʔ/ = and, /θó θō lɛ/ = but, /mə
tain me/ = before, /θɔ kyauń/ = because, /hlyan/ = if, /mə hlyan/ =
unless, /ʔə tʰi/ tai ʔaun/ = till, /θɔ ʔə kʰā/ doǹ ka/ = when, /san twan/ =
while and so on. These are just some of the more
common ones. In Burmese language, there is no
separation into any kinds about conjunction like English.
Besides there are also dependent clause and
independent clause in adverb clause. Then underline
sentences are dependent clause. Here are examples of
dependent clauses that are adverb clauses.
1. θū chaǹ θā θɔ kyauń lu twe ka θú ko chit kʰin kyá ði. = Because
he is rich, people love him.
2. θū ma ʔà θɔ kyauń θú θū ngɛ chaǹ twe ka θú ko mə pʰeiʔ bū. =
Because he is not free, his friends do not invite
him.
1. tɕənɔ sā mɛ̀ pwɛ̀ ko ʔaun θō lɛ tɕənɔ mi ba myà ka mə pyō kyá bū. =
Although I pass the exam, my parents do not
enjoy.
1. tɕənɔ Thai nain ŋan hma B.A bwɛ́ ko ra pyī nouʔ Myanmar pyay θó
1. θū mə pā tī pwɛ̀ θó θwà rwɛ́ laʔ soun ko θú ʔà pɛ̀ ði. = She goes
to party, and she gives him the gift.
1. ŋā dó ði mɛ̀ kʰoǹ myà ko sʰa rā ʔà mɛ̀ kyá ði θó θɔ lɛ sʰa rā ka bā tiʔ kʰu
1. ra tʰā mə tʰwaʔ mì ŋā dó ði bū tā hmā ʃí kyá ði. = Before train
leaves, we are at station.
121
1. ŋā dó yune θó mə θwà hlyan sʰa rā ko twɛ́ hmā mə huʔ bū. = If we
do not go to office, we will not meet teacher.
1. tɕənɔ kyauǹ θà ba wa doǹ ka sʰɛ liʔ ko mə θouʔ kʰɛ́ bū. = When I
was student-hood, I did not smoke cigarette.
1. θū mə B.A bwɛ́ ko ra ðí ʔə tʰi ʔin ga liʔ sa kà ko mə pyɔ taʔ bū. = Till
she get B.A, she cannot speak English.
2. tɕənɔ ði θú twɛ́ θɔ ʔə kʰā kʰə lɛ ba wa ko pyin θə ti ra ði. = When I
see him, I remember childhood back.
3. ŋā dó ði kauǹ hmú luʔ hlyan kauǹ kyò ko kʰin sà ra mɛ. = If we do
merit, we will feel effect of merit.
4. θū dó ði mə naʔ sà pyī nouʔ bɔ loǹ ka sà kyá ði. = After they
have breakfast, they play the football.
1. Lily ne mə kauǹ θɔ kyauń θū mə mi ba myà ka sʰɛ̀ kʰaǹ θó θwà rwɛ́ sʰa
1. tɕənɔ rɛ̀ tʰà θɔ sā ʔouʔ myà ko tiʔ chó θū twɛ ka wɛ pyī nouʔ ʔə kʰyà θū
1. John walks.
2. He enjoys.
1. He is handsome.
2. The students are
intelligent.
129
o.
2 He is a manager.
1. He is a manager.
2. The boys are students.
N Complem
Subject Verb Object
o. ent
No S- Obj-
Subj Obj Obj-Compl V V-PM
. PPM PPM
N
Subject Verb Prep Noun
o.
No S- Dep-
S Dep V V-PM
. PPM PPM
No
Subject Verb time
.
1 I sleep in morning.
The
2 fall in summer.
leaves
1. I sleep in morning.
136
Time- V-
No. Subj S-PPM Time V
PPM PM
s l e.
He Mand Yang
2 goes from to
alay on.
b) DC: Because he is
rich.
1. θū chaǹ θā θɔ kyauǹ lu twe ka θú ko chit kʰin kyá ði.
a) DC: θū chaǹ θā θɔ kyauǹ. (Because he is rich.)
b) IC: lu twe ka θú ko chit kʰin kyá ði. (People love him.)
2. tɕənɔ sā mɛ pwɛ́ ʔaun θō lɛ tɕənɔ miba myá ka mə pyō kyá bu.
a) DC: tɕənɔ sā mɛ pwɛ́ ʔaun θō lɛ. (Although I pass the
exam.)
b) IC: tɕənɔ miba myá ka mə pyō kyá bu. (My parents do
not enjoy.)
3. tɕənɔ Thai nain ŋan hmā B.A bwɛ́ ko ra pyī nouʔ Myanmar pyay θó
pyan lā ði.
a) DC: tɕənɔ Thai nain ŋan hmā B.A bwɛ́ ko ra pyī nouʔ. (After I
get B.A in Thailand.)
b) IC: Myanmar pyay θó pyan lā ði. (I come back to
Myanmar.)
4. ŋā dó ði yune θó mə θwà hlyan sʰa rā ko twɛ hma mə huʔ bū.
a) DC: ŋā dó ði yune θó mə θwà hlyan. (If we do not go to
office.)
b) IC: sʰa rā ko twɛ hma mə huʔ bū. (We will not meet
teacher.)
5. ra tʰà mə tʰwaʔ mi ŋā dó ði bū tā twin ʃí kyá ði.
a) DC: ra tʰà mə tʰwaʔ mi. (If Before train leaves.)
144
b) IC: ŋā dó ði bū tā twin ʃí kyá ði. (We are at station.)
1. sʰa rā wan tiʔ youʔ pʰyiʔ θɔ Jame ði Thai hmā ʔə luʔ luʔ ði.
a) DC: sʰa rā wan tiʔ youʔ pʰyiʔ θɔ. (Who is a doctor.)
b) IC: Jame ði Thai hmā ʔə luʔ luʔ ði. (Jame works in
Thailand.)
146
a)
DC: ʔin gə liʔ sa kà ko pyɔ nain θɔ. (Who can speak
English.)
b) IC: John ði ʔə kauǹ ra ði. (John gets a good job.)
4. tɕənɔ sā mè pwɛ̀ ʔoun tɛ ló tɕənɔ rɛ́ ʔə me ka pyɔ tɛ.
a) DC: tɕənɔ sā mè pwɛ̀ ʔoun tɛ ló. (That I pass the
exam.)
b) IC: tɕənɔ rɛ́ ʔə me ka pyɔ tɛ. (My mother says.)
S V O Acir
156
Verb in Burmese
S Acir V
tɕənɔ dó hā Thai hma ʃí tɛ́ Pattayà kaǹ kʰye θó θwà kʰe kyá ði.
Verb in English
S V O
S V D-Obj
S D-Obj V
θū dó ði Thai ʔə sà ʔə sā ko kyiʔ hniʔ θaʔ ði.
S V In-Obj D-Obj
Complem
S V D-Object
ent
Comple
D-Obj S V
ment
tɕənɔ miʔ swɛ lɛ ko tɕən ka John Soe ló kʰɔ pā tɛ.
S V Acir
S V Acir Acir
Acir S V
myó tʰɛ hmā sai twɛ ʔi twɛʔ ʔə myà kyī ʃí pā tɛ.
S Acir V
hla pa tɛ́ naǹ tɔ kyī ka myó lɛ́ hmā ʃí tɛ.
Acon S F V Acir
Acon S F Compl CC V
Acon S D-Obj V
dī dó hma θu dó ka θin kyò twɛ ko pʰɛ pɛ pā tɛ.
Acon S V
pa tʰa mə dó myaǹ twɛ ka kyauʔ pā tɛ.
Amod S V Acir
Comple
S F Amod V
ment