International Journal of Electronics and Electical Engineering

Volume 2 Issue 1 Article 4

July 2013

SIMULATION OF VSC BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR

THE INTEGRATION OF WINDFARM INTO GRID
MAHALAKSHMI. R
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore,
India, [email protected]

P. USHA
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore,
India, [email protected]

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Recommended Citation
R, MAHALAKSHMI. and USHA, P. (2013) "SIMULATION OF VSC BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
FOR THE INTEGRATION OF WINDFARM INTO GRID," International Journal of Electronics and Electical
Engineering: Vol. 2 : Iss. 1 , Article 4.
DOI: 10.47893/IJEEE.2013.1059
Available at: https://www.interscience.in/ijeee/vol2/iss1/4

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 Simulation of Vsc Based Hvdc Transmission System for The Integration of Windfarm Into Grid

SIMULATION OF VSC BASED HVDC TRANSMISSION SYSTEM FOR

THE INTEGRATION OF WINDFARM INTO GRID
1
MAHALAKSHMI. R & 2P. USHA
1,2
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
E-mail : [email protected] & [email protected]

Abstract - Wind energy has huge potential to become major source of renewable energy for the modern world. For
integrating wind farms to the AC grid, HVDC transmission systems have several advantages over AC transmission systems.
This paper presents the design and control of voltage source converter based HVDC system for integration of wind farms in
to AC grid. The designed VSC-HVDC system performance under steady state conditions and various transient conditions are
presented. The PSCAD/EMTDC software package is used for the simulation studies.

Keywords-HVDC power transmission system,Voltage source converter, Windfarm,PSCAD/EMTDC.

I. INTRODUCTION weak AC systems [8].

Main objective of this paper is to develop a low
Ever increasing energy demand and challenges rating VSC based HVDC transmission system for the
like pollution, consumption of conventional energy integration of wind farm to the grid. This paper deals
sources, global climate changes etc have made about the modeling of VSC based HVDC
renewable energy sources to penetrate into the grid. transmission system and its control.
Renewable energy is sustainable as it is obtained
from the sources that are inexhaustible. These energy II. VSC-HVDC SYSTEM
sources include solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and
hydro. Both wind and solar have tremendous The block diagram of the VSC-HVDC system is
potential to fulfill world’s energy need. In this, wind shown in Fig. 1. The VSC-HVDC technology is
energy connected with the utility grid is widely based on voltage source converters. The converters
adopted. There are two ways to connect wind farms convert AC power to DC power or DC power to AC
with the grid, with AC transmission lines or with power[2]. The converter station consists of an
HVDC system. For short distances up to 60km AC IGBT/GTO valve bridge operated with high
transmission is economical but beyond this distance frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), the
HVDC transmission is more advantageous[1]. The converter control, the phase reactor, DC capacitor,
connection of large wind farms over long distance and an AC-filter as shown in Fig.2. Inductance of the
with AC lines has technical, economical, transformer acts as phase reactor.The bridge, in its
environmental difficulties[4]. AC over head lines basic form is a two-level, three-phase topology with
require large reactive power compensation and long six valves and series connected IGBT's/GTO’s in
distance cables requires large amounts of charging each valve. Every IGBT/GTO is provided with an
currents. Hence, HVDC transmission is more suitable anti parallel diode as in Fig. 2. Turn on/off of each
and feasible. The HVDC link decouples the two single IGBT is controlled from the control equipment
networks which are on either side of its converters. on ground potential.
Both the networks can operate at different voltage
levels and frequencies. Apart from these, there are
several advantages such as fast active power
modulation, effective reactive power compensation,
less voltage drop on an on shore substation etc.
Moreover with HVDC link, disturbances at the grid
are not transmitted to the wind farms. There are two
types of HVDC topologies, line commutated HVDC
system (LCC-HVDC) and voltage source converter
based HVDC system (VSC-HVDC) which are used
for off shore wind farms. A VSC-HVDC system Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of VSC transmission system
needs no external voltage source for commutation
and reactive power control is independent of real
power control. These features make VSC-HVDC
system more attractive for connection of renewable
sources to grid, island networks and connection of

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 – 5284, Vol-2, Issue-1
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 Simulation of VSC based HVDC Transmission System for the Integration of Windfarm into Grid

wave amplitude. Fig 3. shows the carrier signal and

reference signal for generation of triggering pulses of
VSC using Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
(SPWM) technique.

Fig. 2 Converter station

II. MODEL SYSTEM (VSC TRANSMISSION)

AND CONTROL

A synchronous generator of 10MVA rating is

connected to VSC1 via 13.8KV/62.5KVthree phase
transformer as shown in Fig.1.VSC1, VSC2 are two
six pulse converters connected through a cable of 100
Km length. Here, VSC1 is considered as rectifier and
VSC2 as inverter. GTOs are used as switching
devices of the converters. To reduce the harmonics at
the input side, 1 MVAR- RC tuned damped filter is
used and at the inverter AC bus 4MVAR filter is
used. The DC voltage of the system is 120KV and
current 0.18kA. Capacitors of each 500 µF is used at
the rectifier and inverter end.
 Converter and inverter controls are independent
with each other. The following are the control
techniques which are adopted.
 Power flow can be controlled by adjusting the
phase angle of ac side voltage of the sending end
converter.
 DC voltage and AC voltage at the receiving end
can be controlled by adjusting the phase angle of
Fig. 3 AC output voltage of VSC using SPWM technique
AC side voltage of the receiving end converter.
 Reactive power is held to a lower value by Modulation index of the rectifier can be adjusted
adjusting the magnitude of voltage at the sending by comparing the system reactive power with
end converter. reference reactive power. Pdc, mr ,Vrec are used as
Control of DC voltage by inverter and control of input to the sending end controller .Modulation index
power flow by rectifier is done by using PWM of the receiving end is varied by comparing the
technique. Reference wave is compared with the reference voltage and receiving end AC voltage of the
carrier wave which is 33 times of fundamental system. Vac, mi, Vdc are the input parameters of the
frequency and generates the PWM pulses. The receiving end controller. By means of the sending,
fundamental component of the inverter output voltage receiving end controller, output can be
can be operated with the DC operating voltage by the stabilized.Fig:4 represents the overall control diagram
following equation at sending end. Similar type of controller is
√ ∗ ∗ developed at the receiving end to generate ON and
= (1)
√
OFF pulses. Instead of comparing the reactive power,
Where,
It compares the reference voltage with the voltage at
Fundamental component of line to line
the inverter station. System controls are activated at
voltage
one second.
Ud DC Voltage
M Modulation index
The modulation index (M) is the ratio of
triangular wave amplitude to sinusoidal reference

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 – 5284, Vol-2, Issue-1
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 Simulation of VSC based HVDC Transmission System for the Integration of Windfarm into Grid

and finally it is reaching its steady state value very

fastly.

IV. INTEGRATION OF VSC WITH INDFARM

Proposed VSC based HVDC system is integrated

with the windfarm as shown in Fig. 16 and tested the
AC voltage at the rectifier end and DC voltage at
rectifier/inverter end. Windfarm consists of five
synchronous machines which are rated at 2 MVA. All
the machines are operated by the wind turbine
individually.

Fig.4. Control diagram at sending end-PWM Pulse generation

III. SIMULATION RESULTS OF VSC

HVDC TRANSMISSION

The performance of the controllers and HVDC

system are tested for steady state condition and for Fig.16: Integration of wind farm with the VSC based
various transient conditions. Fig.5 gives the AC transmission system.
current harmonics at the sending end converter
station. Fig.6 shows the DC voltage at rectifier and V. SIMULATION RESULTS OF WINDFARM
inverter under steady state and Fig. 7 shows the WITH VSC HVDC SYSTEM
steady state DC current. Fig. 8 and 9 show the mi, mr
and PU AC voltages at rectifier/inverter under steady Performance of the integrated system is tested by
conditions. The simulation is run for 5 seconds. The the simulation result of DC voltage at
system response is tested for the following four inverter/rectifier and AC voltage at sending end.
different transient conditions Fig.17 and 18 show the DC voltage at rectifier and
 DC line fault near rectifier station inverter.Fig.19 shows the PU AC voltage at the
 Three phase to ground fault at inverter AC bus sending end under steady state conditions..
 Single phase to ground fault at inverter AC bus
 Double line to ground fault at inverter AC bus VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The above mentioned faults are simulated at
2.2seconds for a duration of 2 ½ cycles. Performance of the proposed VSC-HVDC
Fig. 10 shows the DC voltage at rectifier and system under steady state and under various transient
inverter under DC line fault near rectifier station. Fig. conditions are studied. The performance of the
11 shows DC voltage of the system for three phase to controllers is satisfactory as the HVDC system takes
ground fault at inverter AC bus. Similarly, Fig. 12 very less time to reach steady state after clearing of
and Fig. 13 shows the DC voltage under single line to the fault. Proposed system is integrated with the wind
ground fault and double line to ground fault at farm to extract the wind energy and to supply the
inverter AC bus respectively. Single phase to ground power to the grid and system response is checked
fault is created at inverter end to test the performance with the help of DC voltage and AC voltage. Detailed
of mr, mi under normal and faulted conditions and analysis of this integrated system has to done.
also to test the PU AC voltage at rectifier and inverter
end .Fig. 14 shows mr, mi when single phase to
ground occurred at receiving end and Fig.15 shows
PU AC voltages at rectifier and inverter for single
phase to ground fault at inverter end
Simulation results gives us the change in the
value of dc voltage,mi,mr,AC voltages for different
types of faults. For all types of fault, VSC based
transmission system gets effected for short duration

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE) ISSN (PRINT): 2231 – 5284, Vol-2, Issue-1
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 Simulation of VSC based HVDC Transmission System for the Integration of Windfarm into Grid

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