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INTRODUCTION
TO PHILOSOPHY
Prepared by: Mr. RJ C. REYES, LPT
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Instructor
Introduction
to the
Philosophy of
the Human
Person
INTRODUCTION: DOING PHILOSOPHY
LEARNING COMPETENCIES
1.Distinguish a holistic perspective from a partial
point of view
2.Realize the value of Doing Philosophy in obtaining
a broad perspective in life
3.Do a philosophical reflection on a concrete situation
from a holistic perspective
Based on your own understanding,
what is philosophy?
What is the relevance of philosophy in
your life as a student?
Do you think, philosophy would help
you know more about yourself? How?
Why do you need to know more
about yourself?
How satisfied are you with what
you’ve learned about yourself?
SOCRATES:
Philosophy
begins in
wonder
SOCRATES:
Know Thyself
SOCRATES: Know Thyself
Socratic Method “Elenchus” – which is the way of
eliciting the truth by question and answer.
“True learning is not blind obedience to the
teacher.”
- Socrates
- It is DIALOGICAL
TRUE KNOWLEDGE: Docta Ignorantia
“What I know is I know nothing.”

- Socrates
EDUCATION – perfection of the Human Person
TRUE EDUCATION
*it should begin from the act of philosophizing

- actual act of questioning about the truth
- leads to the nearness of being
- leads closer to the truth
- (heart and soul of reality) – human life
et.PHILOSOPHY
✓from Greek φιλοσοφί,
love of wisdom
✓Philo – Love
✓Sophia – Wisdom
Philosophy comes from two
Greek words: philos (love)
and sophia (wisdom) which
were used by ancient Greeks
to refer to “love of wisdom”
and soon applied it to the
study or discipline that uses
human reason to investigate
the ultimate, causes,
reasons, and principles
which govern all things
Philosophers are people who
engage in philosophy or
“lovers of wisdom”
Love of Wisdom
The early Greek thinkers called
themselves as wise men, but out of
humility.
The term “Philosopher” was first
used by Pythagoras.
Pythagoras
❑ a mathematician and scientist, credited
with
formulating the Pythagorean Theorem
❑ established a community of learners
devoted to the study of religion and
Love of Wisdom
While a definition may be very helpful, it is more
prudent to begin from the act of philosophizing.
- Not just to know what

philosophy is but to ask the
questions about the TRUTH,
which is the real subject matter
of philosophizing .
We need to ask ourselves:
Is there a meaning in my life?
What is the real meaning of my life?
DOING
PHILOSOPHY
The students are expected to:
1. discuss philosophy and its importance as
a discipline and a means for understanding
life;
2. appreciate the value of philosophy in daily
life;
OBJECTIVES
3. become philosophical in dealing with life
situations; and
4. discuss the practical uses of philosophy in
LIFE.
MOTIVATION
A murderer is sentenced into

death. He has to choose
between three rooms. The first
room is full of furious flame.
The second is full of murderers
Answer: The room of the
with loaded guns. And there are
lions in the third room who had
not been fed for years. Which
room is the safest?
What questions about
your life are you
struggling to find
answers to?
Share some of them.
 Enter his/her hobby here.  Enter his/her hobby here.
“An unexamined
life is not worth
living.”
 Enter his/her hobby here.  Enter his/her hobby here.
- Socrates
ACTIVITY
Read and analyze the following conversation between a high

school teacher and her student in class.
Teacher: Juan, what would you like to be when you grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not understand my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not understand what life is all ABOUT.
1. Do you think that Juan’s answer was
appropriate for his teacher’s question?
2. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of
his teacher’s question?
Processing 3. Based on his responses, what kind of student
Questions: do you imagine Juan to be?
4. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you
respond to him?
5. How is philosophy related to this situation?
1. What is philosophy?
2. Why is there a need to philosophize?
3. How do we characterize the study of
philosophy?
Analysis
4. What are the practical uses of philosophy
in life?
PHILOSOPHERS
Heraclitus
❑ proposed that everything that exists is based
on a higher order or plan which he called logos
❑ change is permanent aspect of the human
condition; “No man never steps in the same river
twice.”
Democritus
❑study the causes of natural phenomena
❑was among the first to propose that matter is composed
of tiny particles called atoms
Diogenes of Sinope
❑ a known advocate of living a simple and virtuous life
❑ one should not only talk of virtue but should show it in
words and actions
❑ his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often went to
the extreme and was said to have lived like a beggar
Epicurus
❑philosophy could enable man to live a life of
happiness
❑his views gave rise to Epicureanism – a school
of philosophy which believes that wisdom and
simple living will result in a life free of fear and
pain
Socrates
❑ considered the foremost philosopher of
ancient times
❑ he did not claim to be “wise” and merely
considered himself a “midwife” that helped
inquiring minds achieve wisdom
❑ believed that philosophy could enable a man
to live a life of virtue.
❑ formulated the Socratic Method – a means of
examining a topic by devising a series of
questions that let the learner examine and
analyze his knowledge and views regarding
the topic.
Plato
❑a student of Socrates, he wrote down his mentor’s
teachings and incorporated some of his own ideas
❑his teachings and writings were considered the
foundation of Western philosophy
❑dialectic – a method of inquiry where two
opposing ideas are discussed in an attempt to
arrive at new knowledge
❑founded the Academy – an institution of higher
learning which was the first of its kind in the
Western World
Aristotle
❑he attended the academy and prominent student
of Plato
❑all ideas and views are based on perception and
our reality is based on what we can sense and
perceive
❑studied logic that led to the formulation of a
formal process of analyzing reasoning which gave
rise to deductive reasoning – the process of which
specific statements are analyzed to reach a
conclusion or generalization
We all have the potential to philosophize since we have the
tendency to wonder and doubt.
We possess the capacity to reflect on our experiences,
and we have a never-ending need to learn and discover.
The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s sense of wonder (Plato)

and doubt (Rene Descartes),
the need to make sense of challenging
experiences (Karl Jaspers), and the love for wisdom.
The study of philosophy can be considered as a way of analyzing ideas
and frameworks.
It is also considered as a way of examining a particular area of
knowledge.
Philosophy itself is a discipline with its own goals, concerns, and ways of
doing things.
It also makes use of information gathered from other fields of knowledge
and not just its own conclusions.
Finally, philosophy can be considered a reflective and meditative activity.
TSW
Aesthetics
deals with beauty and what makes things “beautiful”
Logic
the branch of philosophy which deals with correct reasoning
Epistemology
discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing
Ethics
the branch which deals with moral questions and dilemmas
Political Philosophy
studies governments and deals with questions of justice, power and the
rights and obligations of citizens
Metaphysics
deals with questions regarding reality and existence
Philosophy of the Human Person
understands the human person from a philosophical perspective integrating
and synthesizing the different branches of philosophy and other fields of
study to know the truth about the human
Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives:
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.
2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.
3. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and
adequately present his or her ideas.
4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing that refers to a
person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in making
sound choices and judgment.

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INTRODUCTION

TRUE KNOWLEDGE: Docta Ignorantia

“What I know is I know nothing.”

*it should begin from the act of philosophizing

- Not just to know what

A murderer is sentenced into

Read and analyze the following conversation between a high

The need to philosophize is traced to a person’s sense of wonder (Plato)

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