EXERCISE FOR UNIT 3

A. VOCABULARY:
I. Match each word with is definidon/description

1. affect A. the Earth's surface that is not water or some animals can both live In sea
2. land B. the physical and mental health of a person
3. health C. to make something happen, especially something unpleasant
4. pollute D. to have a negative effect on something or someone
5. waste E. to use something more than you need
6. cause F. the business of providing transportation, housing or entertainment to people
who are on vacation
7. disease G. to make the air, water or land dirty or harmful
8. wildlife H. the natural world, which is home to plants, animals and humans
9. damage I. a person who cleans a house, an office or a buliding as a Job
l0. touism J. to collect, sort and produce new reusable items
11. environment K. animals and plants that live in a free and natural environment
12. cleaner L. an illness that affects humans, animals or plants
13. recycle M. to make a difference in someone or something
14. air conditioner N. a machine that cools and drles the alr in a place such as a room
15. reduce O. to use something again

II. Complete the sentences with the given words

aquatic radioactive contaminated poison pollutant
dumped sewage untreated dead effects
1. _______ untreated __________or wastewater should be treated before it is discharged into the river or ocean.
2. More and more waste and ________ pollutant _________ are poured into the water, the soil and the air.
3. The _______ radioactive __________ material is stored in a special radiation-proof Container.
4. Oil spills can cause the death of _______ aquatic __________animals such as fish.
5. _______ contaminated__________sewage can spread disease and contaminate drinking water sources.
6. Cholera is transmitted through _________________water
7. The health _______ effects__________ of air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and asthma.
8. Carbon dioxide is a dangerous air _________________ .
9. Over 150,000 tonnes of waste are ________ dumped_________ annually along the coastline.
10. Up to 100.000 fish were found ________ dead _________along the river last week.

III. Choose the right words

The planet’s water reserves are constantly polluted by waste from agriculture, industries, and (1) sewage /
sewers / sewing. Since water is always circulating through the environment, it transports the (2) pollution /
polluted / pollutants it contains from one area to the next. A pesticide that is (3) sprayed / spread / crowded on
a field, for example, seeps into the groundwater, finds its way to a stream, and finally (4) ends up / gives up /
comes up in the ocean. These toxic substances harm (5) poisonous / aquatic / dead plantsand animals, and also
infect the food Chain, causing certain plant and animal species to become (6) extinct / extinction / extincted.
They can also (7) effect / defect / affect humans who eat fish. Even though (8) dumping / collecting / clearing
garbage in the ocean is strictly forbidden, many countries release their (9) treated / untreated / treatment sewer
waste and dispose of their garbage into the water. In addition to this, more than 6 million tons of oil accidentally
(10) spilled / littered / floated into the ocean every year.
IV. Give the correct form of the word given to complete the sentence.

1. It’s evidence that this ocean is clean and environmentally________ unpolluted__________ . (pollute)

2. Diseases are primarily due to_______ contaminated___________ food and air. (contaminate)

3. While some Chemicals may be harmless others can cause_______ damage___________ . (damage)

4. Life expectancy has gone down due to__________________ diseases caused by air pollution. (die)

5. In remote regions, the air is pure and the crops are free of________ poisonous__________ insecticides.
(poison)

6. Some scientists warn that light________ pollution__________ damages people and animals. (pollute)

7. Many Chemicals have a_______ damaging___________ effect on the environment. (damage)

8. The dumping of________ treatment__________ I sewage into the sea is a source of ocean pollution. (treat)

9. A________ contaminant__________ is a substance that makes something dirty, polluted, or poisonous.

(contaminate)

10. Water pollution can lead to the________ death__________ of aquatic plants and animals. (die)

B. GRAMMAR
I. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use conditional sentences type 1.
1. The pollution problem in the world is serious. If we __________________ (not do) anything, our lives
__________________ (be) in danger.
2. If the air in a City__________________ (get) very polluted, it can make people’s eyes burn.
3. If we dump all sorts of Chemicals into rivers, we ______________ (not be) able to swim in them in the future.
4. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if people__________________ (keep) polluting the environment.
5. If we all use public transport more, we __________________ (help) reduce air pollution.
6. If we________________ (not stop) over-fishing the oceans, many species_______________ (become) extinct.
7. If everyone__________________ (recycle) paper, metal and glass, we__________________ (not produce) so
much rubbish.
8. We__________________ (have) dirty seafood if we (dump) rubbish into the sea.
9. If global warming__________________ (continue), temperatures__________________ (rise) even higher.
10. If light pollution__________________ (keep) growing, you__________________ (not be) able to see even
the Big Dipper at night.
11. We__________________ (threaten) our own existence if we__________________ (not cut down) the waste
rapidly.
12. I think some plants and animal __________________ (become) extinct if we keep polluting our land.

II. Complete the sentences using and or so that. Add a comma where necessary.
1. We should take a bus often ______________ we can help reduce air pollution in the city.
2. At school we learn that we should save energy ______________ we shouldn't waste paper.
3. We should turn off air conditioners when we leave ______________ we won't waste electricity.
4. We should reduce our use of water ______________ we should recycle things more often.
5. We should clean up the beach ______________ we should plant more trees along the coast.
6. You finished your homework ______________ you put your school bag away
7. Mom made supper ______________ dad cleaned the dishes.
8. The students were sitting on the carpet ______________ they were listening to the teacher.
9. Mr. Palmer gave Gina a sticker ______________ he gave Patrick an eraser.
10. You ate all your food ______________ you can have dessert.

III. Find ONE mistake in each of the following sentences and correct it.
1. When it stopped raining. I would go to see him.
2. You would miss the bus if you wouldn'thurry up.
3. How much would it be if I pay by cheque?
4. If I were you, I will go jogging every morning.
5. He should go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
6. We might buy a larger house when we had more money.
7. Education has been severely effected by the war.
8. Unemployment is a major cause poverty.
9. They were accused of contaminate the minds of our young people.
10. He is showing these silent films to help isllustrating his story of survival.

C. SPEAKING
I. Match the questions and answers
1._____________________, 2.___________________, 3.____________________, 4.___________________
5._____________________, 6.___________________, 7.____________________, 8.___________________

II. Write questions for the amswes.

1. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and oceans.
2. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
The river water is heavily contaminated because of toxic waste dumping.
3. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are five major types of pollution.
4. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
If I were the President, I would ban cars from city centres.
5. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Most of the plastic waste ends up in the oceans.
6. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Death or disfigurationare common effects of exposure to radioactive waste.
7. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ho Chi Minh City is more polluted than Panang.
8. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
In my neighbourhood, garbage is collected everyday.
9. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Every individualis responsible for solving environmental issues
10. _________________________________________________________________________________________________
Land pollution can be prevented by the proper disposing of the litter.

D. RADING
I. a. Read the text about air pollution. Choose the best options.
Air pollution is a big problem in big cities. Evidence shows that air pollution may cause serious health
problems for humans and animals. We 1)_________ more health problems if we do not lower the air pollution
levels. There are some simple actions we can take to reduce air pollution.
First, get familiar with bus or train routes in your city 2) _________. with a bus trip at least once a week.
The frequent use of public that cause air pollution. You can even walk or bike 3) Second, try to use less
packaging. Factories can badly 4) _________ start to replace your motorbike travel transportation can help reduce
emissions short distances, air quality when producing plastic,foil and cardboard for packaging. Whatever you are
shopping for, remember to choose items with as little packaging as possible. If you have no choice, go for
recyclable packaging.
Another good way to reduce air pollution is to manage your household waste. Reusing, recycling and
composting can help reduce a significant 5) _________ of garbage. That means that less garbage will endup in
landfills which are major sources of air pollution.

1. A. gets B. getting C. will get D. won't get

2. A. but B .for C. yet D.and
3. A. in B. for C. with D. at
4. A. drop B. grow C. affect D. keep
5. A. amount B. number C. total D. level

b. Read the text again. Choose the best answers.

6. What is the best title for the text?
A How bad is air pollution in big cities? B What causes air pollution in big cities?
C How can people solve a health problem? D What can people help to reduce air pollution?

7. Which word has the OPPOSITE meaning to the word reduce in paragraph?
A. cut B.lower C. increase D. decrease
8. Which word has the CLOSEST meaning to the word routes in paragraph2?
A .trips B. ways C.stopes D. stations

9. According to the text, which is NOT a suggestion

A. using plastic packaging B. recycling home garbage
C. using public transportationfor reducing air pollution? D. choosing recyclable packaging

10. Which is TRUE about the lanchills in paragraph 47?

A. They cause air pollution.
B. They help manage household waste.
C. They are places for recycling household waste
D. They have a large capacity for garbage.

II. Read the passage and find the word in bold in the passage that means
There are many kinds of pollution. Air, water, and land can be polluted. Some pollution is caused by nature,
such as foods, forest fires, and volcanoes. People are the major cause of pollution. We pollute the air with our
cars, homes, and factories. Smoke from factories and car exhaust makes the air looks gray and smoggy. Some
people cannot go outside when the air is very bad! We pollute the water by dumping garbage and Chemicals in
the water. Plants and animals die because of the pollution in the water. We pollute the soil with Chemicals and
garbage. We harm the land by cutting down trees in the forest, especially to build roads and new houses without
careful planning and thinking.
The only way to save our environment is to think about pollution. How can you stop or limit pollution?
How do we protect our environment? Conservation is one way to protect our environment. Conservation is the
wise use and protection of our environment. We can control water pollution by not producing as much as waste
and by proper disposal of sewage and garbage. We can take care of recreation land by cleaning up, after ourselves
and not causing more pollution. Carpooling and public transportation will help reduce air pollution.
Recycling is a type of conservation. Recycling is reusing items over again or in a new mway. Recycling
can help us conserve our natural resources so they will last many more years.

Find the word in bold in the passage that means

_______________1. the protection of the natural environment
_______________2. have a bad effect on something
_______________3. a large amount of water covering an, area that usually dry
_______________4. sharing a car nde with other people
_______________5. waste gases that come out of an engine
_______________6. the process of making air, water, soil, etc. dirty
_______________7. get rid of

E. WRITING
I. Reorder the words to make meaningful sentences
1. water/ The/ be/ should / clean/ people/ local / it. / use/that/ can / so
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. should / we / transportation, /public/ and / shouldn't / energy./ waste / use / we
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. save / should / We/ paper/ that/ so/ have/ to/ down/ cut / trees. /more/ we / don't
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. should / We/ reuse / bags,/ shopping/ we/ use / shouldn't/ plastic / and / bottles.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
5. electricity/ save/ We/ help/ that/ so/ environment. / should/ can/ protect/ we / the
___________________________________________________________________________________________
6. of bodies/ directly/ Air pollution/ contaminate/ can/ of water and soil/ the surface.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
7. trees/ so much/ don’t/ We/ if/ we/ waste/ will thousands off paper/ save.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
8. would/ bad/ air pollution/ What/ got/ you/ really/ do/ if?
___________________________________________________________________________________________
9. as/ the death/ Polluted water/ animals/ of fish and crabs/ such/ aquatic/ causes.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
10. went/ more/ less/ to/ If/ we/ recycled/ rubbish/ landfill sites.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
11. the overuse/ has/ Agriculture/ on/ an/ land pollution,/ impact/ of’ Chemicals,/ due to.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
12. much cities/ lights/ use/ Too/ of cause/ in/ may/ light pollution/ electric
___________________________________________________________________________________________
13. our time/ is/ one/ most/ of problems/ serious/ Water pollution/ the/ of/ environmental
___________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Rewrite the sentences

1. I didn’t have an umbrella with me so I got wet.
 I Wouldn't_______________________________________________________________________________
2. I'll call the police if you don’t leave me alone.
 Unless__________________________________________________________________________________
3. In the snowy weather we don’t go to school.
 If______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Without Jack’s help, I wouldn’t have been able to move this table.
 If______________________________________________________________________________________
5. You drink too much coffee, that’s why you can’t sleep.
 If
you____________________________________________________________________________________
6. Make me some coffee, and I'll give you some sweets.
 If______________________________________________________________________________________
7. If you hadn’t told me about Sue’s hair, I wouldn’t have noticed her.
 Unless__________________________________________________________________________________
8. If you see Peter, tell him he should be here at 8 00.
 Should_________________________________________________________________________________
9. He can’t go out because he has to study for his exam.
 If______________________________________________________________________________________
10. She is lazy so she can’t pass the exam.
 If______________________________________________________________________________________