Lab Report - Hydrolisis of Carbohydrates

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING
Normal Road Baliwasan, Zamboanga City
Name/s: Minong, Hamza Group No. 3

Muamil, Jhana BSN – 1E
Nicolas, Allysa Date Performed:
Quiling, Meriam September 15, 2023
Sabar, Ma. Bernadette
Santillan, Louie Gene
ACTIVITY NO. 4
HYDROLISIS OF CARBOHYDRATES
I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the activity, the student can:

1. Hydrolyze the carbohydrate into its monosaccharide unit.
2. Test the products of hydrolysis.
II. INTRODUCTION
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of polysaccharide with H2O to split the

polysaccharide into two or more simple carbohydrates, as elements of water
will be added to the polysaccharide. Not only polysaccharides, but hydrolysis
reactions can also be employed for disaccharides (which consist of two
monosaccharide units) via heating with strong acids. One instance of a
disaccharide is sucrose (also known as table sugar), which is produced from
the juice of sugar cane. The two monosaccharide units present in sucrose
molecules are glucose and fructose. Starch is an abundant carbohydrate in
plants around the globe and comprises glucose monosaccharide units. The
general purposes of this experiment were to hydrolyze carbohydrate into its
simple forms and to test the products of hydrolysis.
III. DATA AND RESULT
A. STARCH
TUBE Treatment Fehling’s Test Iodine
A HCl, heat (-) (+)
Absence of brown Presence of blue-black
precipitate; formation of color.
crystal blue color.
B H2O, heat (-) (-)
Absence of brown Absence of blue-black
blue color with white in the
middle,
C RT, H2O (-) (+)
Absence of brown Presence of blue-black
blue and white at the
bottom.
B. SUCROSE
TUBE Treatment Fehling’s Test Seliwanoff’s
A HCl, heat (+) (+)
Reddish-brown Presence of cherry-red
precipitate. precipitate at the bottom;
presence of ketoses.
B H2O, heat (+) (-)
Reddish-brown Absence of cherry-red
precipitate. precipitate; only small
amount of ketoses visible
at the bottom.
C RT, H2O (+) (+)
Reddish-brown Presence of cherry-red
precipitate. precipitate at the bottom;
presence of ketoses.
IV. ANALYSIS
The iodine test is a test for detecting the presence of starch. The sample
turns blue-black in color when a few drops of potassium iodide solution are
placed on test tubes A and C. The reaction is due to the formation of
polyiodide chains from the reaction of starch and iodine. The amylose in
starch forms helices where iodine molecules assemble, forming a dark blue or
black color. When starch is broken down or hydrolyzed into
smaller carbohydrate units, the blue-black color is not produced. Therefore,
this test can also indicate the completion of hydrolysis when a color change
does not occur. However, as seen in the photo below, it is clear how test
tubes A and C respectively correspond to the color indicator of Iodine test
positive reaction.
The basic principle involved in the iodine test is that Amylose interacts with
starch to form a blue-black colored complex with the iodine.
The helical structure of Amylose forms a charge transfer (CT) complex with
iodine, wherein iodine is present inside the spiral or helical structure of the Amylose.
Therefore, for this test, iodine in water, i.e., an aqueous solution of molecular iodine (I)
and potassium iodide (KI), which is known as Lugol’s iodine, is used. Interestingly, this
is also known as the IKI solution.
On the other hand, Seliwanoff’s test is done to separate the ketone and aldehyde
groups. The result will be positive if the disaccharide consists of fructose and glucose
and has a red color. The result will be negative, and then no red colour will appear in
the solution. All the sugars give negative results when we test with Seliwanoff’s reagent
except fructose and sucrose, which give positive results. This is due to the respective
outcome that in sucrose (a combination of fructose and glucose), the following reaction
will occur: HCl, when heated, gets dried out sugar ketosa framing furfural. Furfural
responds with resorcinol (Seliwanoff's reagent), shaping the cherry-red shade of
arrangement.
V. CONCLUSION
The purposes of this experiment were to let students hydrolyzed the

polysaccharide and disaccharide samples into simple sugars and to
determine the products of hydrolysis. In the class experiment, two samples
were hydrolyzed, which were starch and sucrose. The experiment data
showed that for the hydrolysis of starch, the starch sample must be treated
with HCl and heated. It is proven by Fehling’s test and the iodine test. In
Fehling’s test, a brown-orange product was formed, a positive result for the
presence of reducing agents, which are monosaccharides, and in the iodine
test, a blue-black colour was present in the product for test tubes A and C,
which indicates the polysaccharide was broken down into monosaccharides.
The experiment data also showed that sucrose can be hydrolyzed with HCl
and heating, with H2O and heating, and with H2O at room temperature. In
Fehling’s test, tube A with treatment of HCl and heating had an orange-brown
product; tube B with treatment of H2O and heating had a brown dominant
product; and tube C had an aquamarine product with a brown precipitate. All
results in the sucrose-Fehling’s test produce positive results, which means
that monosaccharides were formed from sucrose. In Selinwanoff’s test, all
tubes had red solution products that confirmed the presence of fructose,
except for test tube B. Therefore, starch and sucrose can produce glucose
and are very significant in the industry.
Reference
Biology Online. (2022, June 16). Iodine test - Definition and Examples - Biology Online
Dictionary. Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online.
https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/iodine-test#:~:text=The%20basic
%20principle%20involved%20in,helical%20structure%20of%20the%20Amylose.

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WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

Name/s: Minong, Hamza Group No. 3

At the end of the activity, the student can:

Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction of polysaccharide with H2O to split the

The purposes of this experiment were to let students hydrolyzed the

Dictionary. Biology Articles, Tutorials & Dictionary Online.

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