Definition of Experimental Design

EXPERIM
 ENTAL design
Definition of experimental

RESEARC
Experimental research: Research in which the researcher manipulates the independent
variable and is interested in showing cause and effect. Experimental design is the process
of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion so that precision is
H
maximized and specific conclusions can be drawn regarding a hypothesis statement. (Bell,
2009)

DESIGN
It is a scientific method of conducting research in which one or more independent variables
are altered and applied to one or more dependent variables in order to determine their
influence on the latter. It is an attempt by the researcher to maintain control over all factors
that may affect the result of an experiment. In doing this, the researcher attempts to
determine or predict what may occur. The experimental design is described in statistics as
the design of an information- gathering experiment in which a variation is present or not,
and it should be executed under the researcher's complete control. This word is commonly
used to describe controlled experiments.
 To maximize the dependability of the results, these tests minimize the impacts of the
variable. In this design, an experimental unit's process may comprise a group of people,
plants, animals, and so on. An experimental design consists of two groups of subjects:
 • Experimental Group- It undergoes treatment, program, or intervention of interest.
 • Control Group- A predetermined set of diverse circumstances is placed on the individuals
chosen for the experiment during the manipulation procedure. The collection of different
circumstances is known as the independent variable, experimental variable, or treatment
variable.
 Types of experimental design

There are three main types of experimental research design. As follows:
 Pre-Experimental
The pre-experimental research design is the most basic type of experimental research design in
statistics. In this approach, after identifying specific elements as the cause and effect, a group or
groups are maintained under surveillance. It is the most basic type of experimental study design
and has no control group.
 True-Experimental
This is the most accurate form of experimental research design as it relies on the statistical
hypothesis to prove or disprove the hypothesis. This is the most commonly used method
implemented in Physical Science. The factors which need to be satisfied in this method are:
 Random variable
 Variable can be manipulated by the researcher
 Control Group
 Experimental Group
 It may be performed on at least two randomly assigned dependent subjects with or
without a pretest.
 Quasi-Experimental
"Quasi" indicates "partial," "half," or "pseudo." As a result, quasi-experimental research resembles
but is not the same as actual experimental research, the researcher cannot make a cause-or-effect
conclusion. Time series, no corresponding control group, and counterbalanced designs are all
instances of quasi-experimental research designs.
There are some other types that are less used. Such as:
 Between-Group Design
A study design in which two or more groups subject to different experiences or treatments are
compared. The purpose is to make statistical comparisons between two or more groups and
demonstrate a causal relationship between the independent variable and the outcome of interest.
 Individual/Within Group Design
A study design in which each participant is studied at all levels of the independent variable that
researchers can manipulate. Different conditions and outcomes are then compared within each
subject to determine the effect of the manipulated variable
 Completely randomized design
Of all the types, the simplest type of experimental design is the completely randomized design, in
which the participants are randomly assigned to treatment groups. The main advantage of using
this method is that it avoids bias and controls the role of chance. This method provides a solid
foundation for Statistical analysis as it allows the use of probability theory.
 Characteristics and features of Experimental

Research
The active manipulation of an independent variable is the primary distinguishing feature of
experimental research. Experimental research is distinguished by the researcher's objective
observation of a phenomenon that is produced to occur in a highly controlled context in which one
or more variables are systematically modified via manipulation. Some of the characteristics are:
 -Variables
 -Setting
 -Control
 -Manipulation
 -Observation
 Process of experimental design

Process of experimental design
The steps of experimental research design are:
 -Defining Research Problem: Identifying the problem is the first step in any type of
research. Experimental research is basically conducted to solve practical
problems rather than theoretical problems or gaps.
 -Determining variables:
A research question must be transformed into an experimental hypothesis by defining
the key variables and predicting their relationships.
 -Formulating Hypothesis: Conducting the research requires creating a precise,
testable hypothesis that corresponds to the research topic.
 -Designing a controlled experiment:
Creating an experimental plan that addresses all the constituent elements, conditions,
and connections between the outputs.
-Designing a controlled experiment requires:
1. manipulating the independent variable(s) systematically and precisely
2. Measuring the dependent variable(s) with precision
3. Controlling any factors that can cause confusion
 Purpose and fields of experimental research

 Purpose and fields of experimental in research.
 The purpose of research: The purpose of research design is to determine the explanations
for the causes and effects of a precisely defined problem. An explanation of the link
between variables is the main goal of this kind of research. is The statistical method used to
understand the link between the study's many characteristics known as correlational
research.
 Fields of experimental: Experimental research is the most common type of research design
for people working in the sciences and a variety of other fields. Experimental design is an
efficient method of optimizing the experimental conditions for SPE to maximize the amount
of useful information obtained with the minimum number of experiments. It provides a more
efficient and complete optimization compared with the ‘vary one factor at a time approach
with other factors assigned fixed values. Unlike ‘vary one factor at a time approaches,
suitable experimental designs are able to accommodate factor interactions.
 Some major uses of experimental research design are included below:
ΘMedicine
Experimental research is utilized to develop effective treatments for diseases. Rather than directly
employing patients as study subjects, researchers typically collect a sample of bacteria from the
patient's body and treat it with the created antibiotic.
Θ Education
Aside from teaching students how to do experimental research in science areas like Chemistry
and Physics, it may also be utilized to improve the level of an academic institution. This involves
measuring students' understanding of various topics, developing better teaching techniques, and
adopting additional initiatives to help pupils learn.
Θ Human Behavior
Experimental research is mostly used by social scientists to evaluate human behavior. Consider
two persons who were picked at random to be the subjects of a social interaction study, one of
whom was confined in a room with no human interaction for a year

Definition of Experimental Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Definition of Experimental Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Definition of Experimental Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

EXPERIM

 Types of experimental design

 Characteristics and features of Experimental

 Process of experimental design

 Purpose and fields of experimental research

You might also like