Process of Experimental Design - Research Process

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Submitted By, Mehwish Ashraf

Course Name ADCP


Subject Name Advance Clinical
Research
Date 22-10-2024
Topic ‘’Experimental Design/
Research Process’’
Submitted To, Mam Asma Javed

Department of Psychology Institute of Southern


PunjabMultan
Process of experimental design

Creating a set of methods to test a hypothesis systematically is referred to as


experimental design.
Steps of Experimental design;
The design of an experiment involves multiple phases. The steps of experimental
research design are;
:
● Defining Research Problem
Identifying the problem is the first step in any type of research. Experimental research is
basically conducted to solve practical problems rather than theoretical problems or
gaps.
● Determining variables
A research question must be transformed into an experimental hypothesis by defining
the key variables and predicting their relationships.

● Formulating Hypothesis
Conducting the research requires creating a precise, testable hypothesis that
corresponds to the research topic.
● Designing a controlled experiment
Creating an experimental plan that addresses all the constituent elements, conditions,
and connections between the outputs.
Designing a controlled experiment requires:
1. manipulating the independent variable(s) systematically and
precisely
2. Measuring the dependent variable(s) with precision3. Controlling any factors that can
cause confusion.
● Designing experimental treatments to manipulate the independent
variable
Manipulation of the independent variable can have an impact on the experiment's
external validity or the extent to which the results can be extended and applied to the
broader world.
The first step is, to consider how widely the independent variable should be varied.
The second step is, to decide how finely to alter the independent variable. This decision
is sometimes made by the experimental system, but it is often required to make one,
and this will affect how much the researcher may deduce from the data. If the subjects
are exposed to more than one treatment then the findings could only be generalized to
individuals exposed to the same treatments in the same order of presentation.
● Measuring dependent variables
Finally, determining the collection method of data on the dependent variable outcomes.
The aim should be to achieve accurate and valid measures that reduce research bias or
inaccuracy. Some factors can be best measured using scientific tools. Others may need
to be operationalized prior to being measured.

Characteristics and features of Experimental Research

The active manipulation of an independent variable is the primary distinguishing feature


of experimental research. Experimental research is distinguished by the researcher's
objective observation of a phenomenon that is produced to occur in a highly controlled
context in which one or more variables are systematically modified via manipulation.
Some of the characteristics are:

● Variables

Dependent, independent, and extraneous variables are all present in experimental


research. The dependent variables are the variables that are being treated or altered
and are frequently referred to as the study subject. The experimental treatment being
applied to the dependent variables is represented by the independent variables.
Extraneous variables, on the other hand, are outside influences on the experiment that
may potentially contribute to the change. Experimental research may include multiple
independent variables, e.g. time, skills, test scores, etc.
● Setting
The setting is the location of the experiment. Many experiments are conducted in the
laboratory, where extraneous factors may be controlled and therefore eliminated. Other
tests are conducted in a less controlled environment. The type of environment utilized in
research is determined by the nature of the experiment.

● Control
Except for the independent variable, the researcher must control all relevant variables.
Control is extremely crucial in experimental research. Without control, it is impossible to
deduce the effects of an independent variable. To comprehend the idea of control in
experimentation, one must first comprehend the two fundamental laws that underlie
experimental research.

● Manipulation
A predetermined set of various situations is placed on the individuals chosen for the
experiment during the manipulation procedure. The collection of circumstances is
known as the independent variable, the experimental variable, or the treatment variable.

● Observation
The experimenter is liable for observing changes in a dependent variable as a result of
manipulating an independent variable.

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