P4 Science Topical Questions Term 1
P4 Science Topical Questions Term 1
P4 Science Topical Questions Term 1
1
Name: ………………………………………………….......…….Stream
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PLANT LIFE
1. What name is given to plants that bear flowers?
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2. Define the term non flowering plants.
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3. How do plants like beans and cow peas reproduce?
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4. How do conifers reproduce?
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5. State one similarity between maize and mosses.
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6. What is leaf venation?
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7. Name the type of leaf venation drawn below.
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17. Define the term pollination.
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18. What is difference between root tubers and stem tubers?
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19. How is a root cap useful on roots?
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20. Give an example of an annual crop.
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Section B
21. Match the crops to their diseases.
Crop Diseases
Cassava Leaf spot
Tomato Cassava mosaic
Bananas Tomato blight
Cotton Panama
Cassava ________________________________________
Tomato ________________________________________
Bananas ________________________________________
Cotton ________________________________________
22. (a) List down the two types of germination.
(i) __________________________________________________________
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(ii) __________________________________________________________
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(b) State the role of each of the following during germination.
(i) oxygen
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(ii) moisture
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23. Give an example of each of the following crops.
(i) Leguminous
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(ii) Cereals
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(iii) Leafy vegetables
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(iv) Stem tuber
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24. (a) How is a moth able to pollinate flowers at night?
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(b) Besides a moth, name any other insect pollinator.
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(c) How are bright petals useful during pollination?
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(a) Why do bees commonly visit flowers?
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25. (a) Name the two plant systems you know.
(i) _______________________________________________________
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(ii) _______________________________________________________
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(b) In the space given, draw a diagram showing prop roots.
(c) How are the roots drawn above important to a maize plant.
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26. (a) What is transplanting?
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27. (a) What are weeds
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(b) Give two examples of weeds common in the garden.
(i)
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(ii)
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(c) Give one way of removing weeds from the garden.
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28. Below is a diagram showing a maize seed. Use it to answer the questions that
follow.
(a) What collective name is given to the parts marked X?
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(b) Of what use if part Y to the seed drawn above.
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END
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4. Name the garden tool used for turning manure.
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5. Why are beans and peas grouped under leguminous crops?
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6. Give an example of a fruit vegetable.
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7. What type of roots do cereals posses?
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8. Briefly explain the term seedling.
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9. Why do some plants with weak stems climb others?
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10. Define the term seed viability.
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11. State any one condition under which a seed may fail to germinate.
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12. Give the importance of the structures (swellings) shown on the roots below.
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13. What is broadcasting method of growing or planting seeds?
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14. Name one plant that can be pruned.
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15. In which way are traps useful to the crop farmers?
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16. State one quality of a good planting material.
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17. Name one disease that commonly affects the coffee plants in the community.
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18. Give one advantage of planting seeds using broadcasting method.
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19. Define the term “nursery bed”
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20. State one characteristic of monocotyledonous seeds.
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21. (a) What name is given to the groups of crops that grow and live for many
seasons?
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(b) Give two examples of such crops named above.
(i)
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(ii)
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(c) Suggest one way of harvesting the above crops named.
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(c) Mention two advantages of mulching our garden.
(i)
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(ii)
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24. (a) Why is rusting of tools dangerous? Give two reasons.
(i) _______________________________________________________
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(ii) _______________________________________________________
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(b) State any one condition necessary for rusting to take place.
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(c) How is rusting similar to germination of seeds?
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25. The diagram below shows a traditional grain store.
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27. State the method of harvesting the following crops.
(a) Bananas
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(b) Cassava
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(c) Coffee
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(d) Maize
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28. Study the diagram below and use it to answer the questions that follow.
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6. What type of rainfall is received around mountains and hills.
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7. Besides rainfall, give any other use of clouds to people.
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8. Which type of clouds appear highest in the sky?
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9. Who are meteorologists?
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10. Windy is to wind blow as _________________________ is to sunshine
11. What is the source of heat in the water cycle?
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12. Define the term temperature.
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13. What term is given to the average weather condition of a place?
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14. In which units is temperature measured?
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15. How is the weather instrument below useful to farmers?
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16. What is the suitable place for the above drawn weather instrument?
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17. Give a reason to your answer in No. 16.
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18. Of what use is a funnel on a measuring cylinder?
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19. Give one danger of clouds in the environment.
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20. How is sunshine helpful during photosynthesis?
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21. Match the following correctly
Barometer temperature
Thermometer speed of wind
Wind vane air pressure
Anemometer direction of wind
Barometer
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Thermometer
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Wind vane
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Anemometer
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22. (a) Why is the Stevenson screen painted with white colours?
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(b) List down any three delicate weather instruments that can be kept in a
Stevenson screen.
(i)
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(ii)
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(iii) _______________________________________________________
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23. Mention the four weather conditions.
(i) _______________________________________________________
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(ii) _______________________________________________________
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(iii) _______________________________________________________
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(iv) _______________________________________________________
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24. The diagram below shows the water cycle.
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26. (a) What do we call the process by which
(i) vapour changes into a liquid
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(ii) liquid changes into vapour
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(b) Name two common diseases spread during a wet season.
(i)
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(ii)
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27. The diagram below shows an instrument. Use it to answer questions that
follow.
(a) Identify the above instrument.
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(b) How is the kink useful to the named instrument?
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(c) Why is liquid X commonly used in such an instrument?
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(d) What is the normal human body temperature on the Celsius scale?
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28. Give three importance of keeping daily records of weather.
(i) _______________________________________________________
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(ii) _______________________________________________________
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(iii) _______________________________________________________
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END
GROWING CROPS
Crops
Types of crops
1. Cereals
2. Legumes
3. Root crops
4. Fruit crops
5. Vegetables
Cereals
Examples of cereals
• Maize • Rice
• Millet • Wheat
• Sorghum • Barley
Examples of legumes
• Beans
• Peas
• Groundnuts
• Soya beans
Root nodules:-
Fruit crops
• Mangoes
• Apples
• Pumpkins
• Pawpaw
• Pine apples.
• Sweet potatoes
• Cassava
• Carrots
These are crops which store their food in roots
Vegetables
• Cabbage
• Spinach
• Lettuce
• Dodo
• Nakati
• Bbuga
Types of vegetables
Groups of crops
1. Annual crops
2. Perennial crops
Annual crops:
Examples:
• Beans
• Maize
• Soya beans
• Millet
• Sorghum
• Rice etc
Perennial crops
Examples:-
• Tea • Mango
• Coffee • Banana
• Cocoa • Cotton
Hoe • Digging
• Planting
• Weeding
• Harvesting
Spade • Mixing manure
• Lifting soil.
• For loading and offloading manure
Rake • Leveling soil
• Collecting weeds.
Wheel barrow • Carrying soil
• Carrying manure
• Carrying harvests
Slasher • Cutting grass
• Cutting weeds
Axe • Cutting big trees
• Chopping wood
Panga • Cutting small branches
• Cutting trees.
• Harvesting sugar cane
Forked hoe • Digging hard ground
• Digging stony ground
Watering can • Watering crops
• Watering seedling
Trowel • Transplanting
• Carrying seedlings
Garden fork • Mixing manure
Pick axe • Digging in rocky ground.
• Digging in stony soils.
Secateur • Pruning crops
Pruner • Pruning crops
Hand fork • Light weeding
• Removing seedling from soil.
Sprayer • Spraying crops.
Knives • Harvesting
• Pruning
• peeling
Tape measure • Spacing crops in the garden.
Sickle • Harvesting cereals
1. Land preparation
It is done during dry season to:-
o Prevent the weeds from germinating again after digging and ploughing.
o Avoid the soil from sticking on to the hoe or plough.
• Hoes • Rakes
• Ox ploughs • Panga
• Tractors • Axe
• Slashers
Methods of planting
1. Planting in rows
2. Broadcasting method.
Row planting
• Maize
• Cassava
• Beans
• Pineapple
• Potatoes.
1. It saves time.
2. It does not need a lot of labour.
3. It does not waste nutrients in soil.
Nursery bed.
A nursery bed is a small garden where seedlings are grown before they are transplanted.
Transplanting
This is the transfer of seedlings from a nursery bed to the main garden.
NB:
Gap filling
The planting of seeds or seedlings where they did not germinate in the garden.
Staking
Provision of extra support for plants with weak stems using sticks .
1. Thinning 6. Staking
2. Watering 7. Mulching
3. Weeding 8. Providing shade.
4. Manuring 9. Pruning
5. Applying fertilizers.
Weeding
Examples of weeds
1. Spear grass.
2. Elephant grass.
3. Black jack
4. Star grass
5. Wandering Jew
6. Guinea grass
7. Thorn apple
1. Hand fork
2. Slasher
3. Hoe
1. They compete for light, water, nutrients and space with crops.
2. They encourage easy spread of pests.
3. They encourage easy spread of diseases.
4. They make harvesting difficult.
1. Slashing
2. Spraying / using herbicides.
3. Up rooting
4. Crop rotation
5. Mulching
6. Digging.
1. It reduces the competition for light, nutrients, water and space in the garden.
2. It makes harvesting easy.
3. It controls the easy spread of diseases.
4. It prevents the easy spread of crop pests.
Sources of manure
Mulching
Examples of mulches
- Elephant grass
- Coffee husks
- Banana leaves
- Chopped stems of bananas.
- Spear grass.
Advantages of mulching
Disadvantages of mulching
Pruning
Advantages of pruning
Thinning
Advantages of thinning
PESTS
• Spraying pesticides.
• Using scare crows
• By crop rotation.
• Planting pest free materials.
• Regular weeding.
• Up rooting and burning infected crops
• Proper spacing.
• Early planting.
• By trapping
• By fencing
• By poisoning
• Early harvesting
Crop diseases
• By crop rotation.
• Spraying chemicals.
• Uprooting and burning of infected crops.
• Planting healthy materials.
• Proper spacing
• Early planting.
Crop rotation
It is the growing of different types of crops on the same piece of land seasonally.
NB:
Harvesting
Tool Purpose
Sickle Harvesting cereal crops
Hoe Harvesting root crops.
Panga Harvesting sugarcane, banana.
Methods of harvesting
Storing of food
1. In granaries
2. Silos
3. In refrigerators / freezers
Types of stores
Rat guard
NB:
• Rats
• Maize weevil
• Bean weevil
• A storage beetle.
• Harvest mite
Food preservation
Food path
Town food path : This is the food path where farmers good or produce food for sale.
This is the food path where people who work and get salary use it to buy food in markets
- Getting salary
- Budgeting
- Buying food
Blocks of food path are problems faced in food production and may lead to little yield when harvested.
- Crop pests
- Crops diseases
- Poor farming methods
- Poor health (elnino , drought )
- Earth quake
TOPICAL QUESTIONS
15. (a) Which term is used for covering of top soil with dry plant materials?
(i) (ii)