Chemistry of Life - Study Guide
Chemistry of Life - Study Guide
Chemistry of Life - Study Guide
OpenStax Biology 2e
pH Scale
6. Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic
9. Isomers
- hydroxyl (alcohols)
- carbonyl (ketone)
- carbonyl (aldehyde)
- carboxyl
- amino
- sulfhydryl
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Circle the functional group in the example
Hydroxyl Polar
(hydrophilic)
(alcohol)
Carbonyl Polar
(ketones)
(aldehydes)
Carboxyl Acidic
Amino Basic
(amino
acids in
DNA)
Sulfhydryl Polar
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Tripeptide (protein): Identify the groups *Why is this a tripeptide?
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Fructose is a common sugar, found in soft drinks and other sweets. Circle the functional groups
Leucine is an amino acid that plays an important role in muscle development. What functional groups can be
found in a leucine molecule?
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Name: _____________________________________
3.2 Carbohydrates
7. What is the ratio of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates? ___________________
8. What is an example of a pentose monosaccharide? __________________ Hexose? ____________
9. What is the chemical formula for glucose? ______________________________
10. In plants, excess glucose is stored as _____________________________.
11. . Examine each of the monosaccharides below identified as hexoses.
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a) What is the molecular formula for each of these monosaccharides?_________________________
b) Molecules with the same molecular formula but differ structurally are called ___________________
c) Why are these molecules called hexoses? ______________________________________
3.3 Lipids
28. Why have many companies banned trans fats in their products? _____________________________
29. Where would a person get Omega-3 fatty acids in their diet? _______________________________
30. Why are leaf surfaces covered in wax? ____________________________________
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31. Where are phospholipids found? _____________________________
32. Why is it called an “amphipathic” molecule? ____________________________________
3.4 Proteins
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49. What sugar is found in RNA? ____________________________
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Name ______________________________________________Date:______
1. Enzymes act on substrates. Label the enzyme, substrate, active site, and products on diagram.
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stomach must be able to function in a highly acidic environment to break peptide bonds found in proteins.
Acidic or basic conditions can disrupt the hydrogen bonds between the loops of the protein chains. If this disruption
occurs near the active site, the enzyme can become distorted and not fit the substrate perfectly. The rate of reaction is
reduced as more enzymes become denatured.
b) Do you think lipase is an enzyme that is found in the stomach? Why or why not?
4. Enzymes can be inhibited. Inhibitors can slow down or stop enzymatic reactions. There are two types of inhibition:
competitive and allosteric.
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