CE120-05F Elevation Measurement
CE120-05F Elevation Measurement
CE120-05F Elevation Measurement
FUNDAMENTALS OF
SURVEYING
1 Q S .Y. 2 3 - 2 4
Levelling
a. To find the elevations of given points with respect to a given or
assumed datum
b. To establish points at a given elevation to a given or assumed
datum
Elevation Measurement by Levelling
Types of Levels
a. Dumpy Level
b. Wye or Y Level
c. Cushing’s Level
d. Tilting Level
e. Cooke’s Reversible Level
f. Automatic Level
DUMPY
LEVEL
• Commonly used
employed for very precise
levelling operations and in
other general levelling
work.
• Main advantage of this
level is its is useful when
the few observations are
to be taken with one
setup of level
AU TO M AT I C
LEVEL
Station – point where the level rod is held and not where level is
set up
Two-peg test
Sensitivity of Level Tube
Simple Levelling
Station BS HI FS Elevation
100.00
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
3.11 109.53
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
10.88 120.41 3.11 109.53
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
10.88 120.41 3.11 109.53
2.56
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
10.88 120.41 3.11 109.53
9.72 127.57 2.56 117.85
Computation of Elevation – Find the
Elevation of
Station BS HI FS Elevation
12.64 112.64 100.00
10.88 120.41 3.11 109.53
9.72 127.57 2.56 117.85
3.10 124.47
Practice Problem: Elevation Measurement
by Levelling
Station BS FS Elevation
a. Find the difference in
1 5.87 392.25 elevation of Station 7 and
2 7.03 6.29 Station 5
3 3.48 6.25 b. Find the difference in
4 7.25 7.08 elevation of Station 7 and
Station 4
5 10.19 5.57
c. Find elevation of Station 3
6 9.29 4.45
7 4.94
Double-rodded Levelling
Two turning points are established such that at each set up of the
levelling instrument, two sets of independent backsights and
foresights are taken.
Double-rodded Levelling
Complete the following differential level noted for a double rodded line from
BM1 to BM2. Show the customary arithmetic check.
Station BS HI FS Elevation
𝟏 1.86 205.60m
1.86 205.60m
𝟏 H 2.15 1.10
L 2.52 1.58
𝟐 2.63
2.63
Double-rodded Levelling
Complete the following differential level noted for a double rodded line from
BM1 to BM2. Show the customary arithmetic check.
Station BS HI FS Elevation
𝟏 1.86 207.46 205.60m
1.86 207.46 205.60m
𝟏 H 2.15 1.10
L 2.52 1.58
𝟐 2.63
2.63
Double-rodded Levelling
Complete the following differential level noted for a double rodded line from
BM1 to BM2. Show the customary arithmetic check.
Station BS HI FS Elevation
𝟏 1.86 207.46 205.60m
1.86 207.46 205.60m
𝟏 H 2.15 1.10 206.36
L 2.52 1.58 205.88
𝟐 2.63
2.63
Double-rodded Levelling
Complete the following differential level noted for a double rodded line from
BM1 to BM2. Show the customary arithmetic check.
Station BS HI FS Elevation
𝟏 1.86 207.46 205.60m
1.86 207.46 205.60m
𝟏 H 2.15 208.51 1.10 206.36
L 2.52 208.40 1.58 205.88
𝟐 2.63
2.63
Double-rodded Levelling
Complete the following differential level noted for a double rodded line from
BM1 to BM2. Show the customary arithmetic check.
Station BS HI FS Elevation
𝟏 1.86 207.46 205.60m
1.86 207.46 205.60m
𝟏 H 2.15 208.51 1.10 206.36
L 2.52 208.40 1.58 205.88
𝟐 2.63 205.88
2.63 205.77
𝟐
Profile Levelling
𝑒 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑
𝑒 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ’𝑠 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑒 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝐾 = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟
Reciprocal Levelling
Reciprocal levelling was conducted across a wide river to determine the
difference in level of points A and B, A situated on one bank of the river and B
situated on the other. The following results on the staff held vertically at A and B
from level stations 1 and 2 respectively, were obtained. The level station 1 was
near to A and level station 2 was near to B.
Instrument Staff reading on
at A B
1 1.485 1.190
2 1.725 1.415
(a) If the reduced level of B is 55.18 m above the datum, what is the reduced level
of A?
(b) Assuming that the atmospheric conditions remain unchanged during the two
sets of the observations, calculate
the combined curvature and refraction correction if the distance AB is 315 m
the collimation error
Reciprocal Levelling
Reciprocal levelling was conducted across a wide
river to determine the difference in level of points A
and B, A situated on one bank of the river and B
situated on the other. The following results on the
staff held vertically at A and B from level stations 1
and 2 respectively, were obtained. The level station
1 was near to A and level station 2 was near to B.
𝑎 −𝑏 + (𝑎 − 𝑏 )
Instrument Staff reading on ∆ℎ =
at 2
A B 1.485 − 1.19 + (1.725 − 1.415)
∆ℎ =
2
1 1.485 1.190 𝐼𝑓 ∆ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝐵 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝐴.
∆ℎ = 0.303 𝑚
2 1.725 1.415
𝑅𝐿. 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 = 𝑅. 𝐿. 𝑜𝑓 𝐵 − ∆ℎ
𝑏 −𝑎 − (𝑏 − 𝑎 ) 𝑒 =𝑒 +𝑒 −𝑒
𝑒= 𝑒 = 𝑒 − (𝑒 − 𝑒 )
2
1.19 − 1.485 − (1.415 − 1.725) 𝑒 = 0.008 − 0.007
𝑒=
2 𝑒 = 0.001
𝑒 = 0.008
Two-Peg Test
Two-peg test is conducted for checking the adjustment of a level
Two-Peg Test
In the two peg test method of a dumpy level, the following observations where
taken.
(a) What is the true difference in elevation of A and B?
(b) Determine the error in the line of sight for the net distance AB.
(c) Determine the correct reading at A that will give level line of sight with the
instrument still at point P.
Instrument M Instrument P
set up near at set up near at
A B
Rod Reading on A 1.623 m 0.938 m
Rod Reading on B 2.875 m 1.622 m
Two-Peg Test
In the two peg test method of a dumpy level, the following
observations where taken.
(a) What is the true difference in elevation of A and B?
(b) Determine the error in the line of sight for the net 1.623
2.875
distance AB.
(c) Determine the correct reading at A that will give level
line of sight with the instrument still at point P.