Chemistry Project 1
Chemistry Project 1
Chemistry Project 1
SESSION- 2023-24
ROLL NUMBER- 56
CHEMISTRY PROJECT
TOPIC- ELECTROCHEMISTRY
SUBMITTED BY- SUBMITTED TO-
NAME:SHUBH VERMA ARUN JHA
CLASS-XII SCIENCE
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT SHUBH VERMA OF
CLASS-XII SCIENCE OF CAPITAL PUBLIC
SCHOOL HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED THE
CHEMISTRY INVERTIGATORY PROJECT ON THE
GIVEN TOPIC “ELECTROCHEMISTRY” AS
PRESCRIBED BY THE CBSE BOARD FOR THE
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-24. IT IS FURTHER
CERTIFIED THAT THE PROJECT IS INDIVIDUAL
WORK OF THE CANDIDATE.
EXTERNAL’S SIGNATURE:-
INTERNAL’S SIGNATURE:-
PRINCIPAL’S SIGNATURE:-
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO EXPRESS MY SPECIAL
THANK OF GRATITUDE TO MY TEACHER MR.
ARUN JHA AS WELL AS OUR PRINCIPAL
MR.JAY KRISHNA PANDEY WHO GAVE ME THE
GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY TO DO THIS
WONDERFUL PROJECT ON THE TOPIC
“ELECTTROCHEMISTRY” WHICH ALSO HELPED
ME IN DOING A LOT OF RESEARCH AND I
CAME TO KNOW ABOUT SO MANY NEM
THINGS. I AM REALLY THANKFULL TO
THEM.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS
An electrochemical cell is a device that produces an
electric current from energy released by
a spontaneous redox reaction. This kind of cell
includes the Galvanic cell or Voltaic cell, named
after Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, both
scientists who conducted experiments on chemical
reactions and electric current during the late 18th
century.
Electrochemical cells have two conductive electrodes
(the anode and the cathode). The anode is defined as
the electrode where oxidation occurs and
the cathode is the electrode where the reduction
takes place. Electrodes can be made from any
sufficiently conductive materials, such as metals,
semiconductors, graphite, and even conductive
polymers. In between these electrodes is
the electrolyte, which contains ions that can freely
move.
GALvANIC CELL
The galvanic cell uses two different metal
electrodes, each in an electrolyte where the
positively charged ions are the oxidized form of
the electrode metal. One electrode will undergo
oxidation (the anode) and the other will undergo
reduction (the cathode). The metal of the anode
will oxidize, going from an oxidation state of 0
(in the solid form) to a positive oxidation state
and become an ion. At the cathode, the metal ion
in solution will accept one or more electrons
from the cathode and the ion's oxidation state is
reduced to 0. This forms a solid metal
that electrodeposits on the cathode. The two
electrodes must be electrically connected to each
other, allowing for a flow of electrons that
leave the metal of the anode and flow through
this connection to the ions at the surface of the
cathode. This flow of electrons is an electric
current that can be used to do work, such as turn
a motor or power a light.
A galvanic cell whose electrodes are zinc and
copper submerged in zinc sulfate and copper
sulphate, respectively is known as a Daniell
cell.
NERNST EQUATION
0.05916𝑣
𝛥𝐸 = 𝛥𝐸 0 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑄
𝑛
CONCENTRATION
CELL
A concentration cell is an electrochemical cell
where the two electrodes are the same material,
the electrolytes on the two half-cells involve
the same ions, but the electrolyte concentration
differs between the two half-cells
BATTERy
Many types of battery have been commercialized
and represent an important practical application
of electrochemistry. Early wet cells powered the
first telegraph and telephone systems, and were
the source of current for electroplating. The
zinc-manganese dioxide dry cell was the first
portable, non-spillable battery type that
made flashlights and other portable devices
practical. The mercury battery using zinc and
mercuric oxide provided higher levels of power
and capacity than the original dry cell for early
electronic devices, but has been phased out of
common use due to the danger of mercury pollution
from discarded cells.
FUEL CELL
A fuel cell is
an electrochemical
cell that converts
the chemical
energy of a fuel
(often hydrogen)
and an oxidizing
agent (often
oxygen) into
electricity through
a pair of redox
reactions. Fuel
cells are different
from
most batteries in
requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen
(usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction,
whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually
comes from substances that are already present in the
battery. Fuel cells can produce electricity
continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are
supplied.
The first fuel cells were invented by Sir William
grove in 1838. The first commercial use of fuel cells
came almost a century later following the invention
of the hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell by Francis Thomas
Bacon in 1932. The alkaline fuel cell, also known as
the Bacon fuel cell after its inventor, has been used
in NASA space programs since the mid-1960s to
generate power for satellites and space capsules.
Since then, fuel cells have been used in many other
applications. Fuel cells are used for primary and
backup power for commercial, industrial and
residential buildings and in remote or inaccessible
areas. They are also used to power fuel cell
vehicles, including forklifts, automobiles, buses,
trains, boats, motorcycles, and submarines.
CORROSION
Corrosion is an electrochemical process, which
reveals itself as rust or tarnish on metals like iron
or copper and their respective
alloys, steel and brass.
FARADAy’S LAW
FIRST LAW