Course Outline - CLJ3-18 CY 2020-2021
Course Outline - CLJ3-18 CY 2020-2021
Course Outline - CLJ3-18 CY 2020-2021
(CLJ3-18)
FIRST SEMESTER, AY 2020-2021
COURSE DESCRIPTION
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
BASIC REFERENCES
COURSE OUTLINE
A. Definitions
1. Criminal law
Criminal law is that branch or division of law which defines crimes,
treats of their nature, and provides for their punishment. [Reyes, supra, at 1,
citing 12 Cyc. 129]
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2. Crime
Crime is an act committed or omitted in violation of a public law
forbidding or commanding it. [Reyes, supra, at 1, citing I Bouvier’s Law
Dictionary, Rawle’s Third Revision, 729]
4. RPC, art. 5, 21
1. Sources
a. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 5
b. Const. (1987), art. VI, sec. 1
c. Const. (1987), art. II, sec. 1
d. Cases:
(i) People v. Santiago, 43 Phil. 120 (1922)
(ii) United States v. Pablo, 35 Phil. 94 (1916)
2. Limitations
Bill of attainder
Const. (1987), art. III, sec. 22
(vii) People v. Ferrer, 48 SCRA 382 (1972)
1. General
2. Territorial
a. RPC, art. 2
b. Const. (1987), art. I
c. Visiting Forces Agreement, art. V
d. Cases:
(i) United States v. Bull, 15 Phil. 7 (1910)
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c. Cases:
A. Felonies
a. Act
People v. Gonzales, 183 SCRA 309 (1990)
b. Omission
(i) RPC, art. 116, 137, 208, 213(2)(b), 223,
234, 275(1)
(ii) Pres. Decree Nos. 953, 1153
(iii) People v. Sylvestre and Atienza, 56 Phil.
353 (1931)
c. Punishable by the Revised Penal Code
(i). Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege
The maxim Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege has its roots
in history. It is in accordance with both centuries of civil law and common
law tradition. Moreover, it is an indispensable corollary to a regime of liberty
enshrined in our Constitution. It is of the essence then that while anti-social
acts should be penalized, there must be a clear definition of the punishable
offense as well as the penalty that may be imposed - a penalty, to repeat,
that can be fixed by the legislative body, and the legislative body alone. So
constitutionalism mandates, with its stress on jurisdictio rather than
guvernaculum. The judiciary as the dispenser of justice through law must
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2. How committed
RPC, art. 3, 365
a. Dolo
(i) Elements
(ii) Presumption of intent
United States v. Apostol, 14 Phil. 92 (1909)
United States v. Catolico, 18 Phil. 504
(1911)
(iii) General and specific intent
People v. Puno, 219 SCRA 85 (1993)
People v. Delim, 396 SCRA 386 (2003)
(iv) Intent and Motive
People v. Temblor, 161 SCRA 623 (1988)
People v. Hassan, 157 SCRA 261 (1988)
People v. Delim, supra
(v) Mistake of fact
United States v. Ah Chong, 15 Phil. 488
(1910)
People v. Oanis, 74 Phil. 257 (1943)
b. Culpa
(i) Elements
People v. Carmen, 355 SCRA 267 (2001)
(ii) Distinguished from dolo
People v. Pugay, 167 SCRA 439 (1988)
a. RPC, art. 10
b. Ladonga v. People, 451 SCRA 673 (2005)
C. Criminal Liability
1. How incurred
a. Wrongful act done be different from what was
intended
(i) RPC, art. 14(1), 13(3), 48, 49, 14(3)
(ii) United States v. Brobst, 14 Phil. 310 (1909)
(iii) People v. Mananquil, 132 SCRA 196 (1984)
(iv) People v. Iligan, 191 SCRA 643 (1990)
(v) People v. Sabalones, 294 SCRA 751 (1998)
(vi) People v. Guillen, 85 Phil. 307 (1950)
(vii) People v. Albuquerque, 59 Phil. 150 (1933)
(viii) Bataclan v. Medina, 102 Phil. 181 (1957)
b. Impossible crimes
(i) RPC, art. 4(2), 59
(ii) People v. Balmores, 85 Phil. 493 (1950)
(iii) Intod v. Court of Appeals, 215 SCRA 52 (1992)
2. Stages of commission
a. Definitions
(i) RPC, art. 6 and 7
(ii) United States v. Eduave, 36 Phil. 209
(1917)
(iii) People v. Enriquez, 281 SCRA 103 (1997)
(iv) People v. Listerio, 335 SCRA 40 (2000)
b. Specific felonies
(i) Rape
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil. 980 (1925)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
(ii) Theft
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4. Multiple offenders
a. Recidivism, RPC, art. 14(9)
b. Habituality (Reiteracion), RPC, art. 14(10)
c. Quasi-Recidivism, RPC, art. 160
d. Habitual Delinquency, RPC, art. 62(5)
1. Self-defense
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366 (1947)
United States v. Mack, 8 Phil. 701 (1907)
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2. Defense of honor
People v. Luague, 62 Phil. 504 (1935)
People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344 (1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174 (1946)
3. Defense of property
People v. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870
United States v. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644 (1909)
People v. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389 (1983)
4. Defense of relative
United States v. Esmedia, 17 Phil. 260 (1910)
6. Fulfillment of duty
People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 (1922)
People v. Belbes, 334 SCRA 161 (2000)
1. Insanity
People v. Bonoan, 64 Phil. 87 (1937)
People v. Ambal, 100 SCRA 325 (1980)
People v. Puno, 105 SCRA 151 (1981)
People v. Dungo, 199 SCRA 860 (1991)
People v. Yam-id, 308 SCRA 651 (1999)
People v. Valledor, 383 SCRA 653 (2002)
People v. Belonio, 429 SCRA 579 (2004)
2. Somnabulism
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 (1933)
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3. Minority
Republic Act No. 9344, as amended
RPC, art. 80
Pres. Decree No. 603, as amended
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939)
People v. Navarro, 51 OG 4062
Jose v. People, 448 SCRA 116 (2005)
People v. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, 16 March 2011
People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011
4. Accident
People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 (1931)
U.S. v. Tanedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)
6. Insuperable cause
U.S. v. Vicentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911)
People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936)
2. Sufficient provocation
People v. Leonor, 305 SCRA 285
3. Passion or obfuscation
United States v. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 (1909)
United States v. De la Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 (1912)
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4. Illness
People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999)
5. Analogous circumstances
Canta v. People, 353 SCRA 250 (2001)
2. Dwelling
People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978)
3. Nighttime/Disguise
People v. Bermas, 309 SCRA 741 (1999)
4. Evident premeditation
United States v. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 (1909)
5. Treachery
People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
6. Ignominy
People v. Torrefiel, 45 OG 803
People v. Alfanta, 320 SCRA 357 (1999)
1. Intoxication
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982)
2. Absolutory causes
RPC, art. 6(3), 7, 16, 20, 247, 280, 332, 344
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2. Accomplices
a. RPC, art. 18
b. People v. Nierra, 96 Phil. 1 (1980)
People v. Doble, 114 SCRA 131 (1982)
People v. Doctolero, 193 SCRA 632 (1991)
3. Accessories
a. RPC, art. 19 and 20
b. People v. Talingdan, 84 SCRA 19 (1978)
Vino v. People, 178 SCRA 626 (1989)
c. Pres. Decree Nos. 1612 and 1829
V. PENALTIES
RPC, art. 21-88
A. General Principles
1. Constitutional limitations
Const., art. III, sec. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, & 22
a. No ex post facto law and bill of attainder
b. Due process
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2. Prospectivity
RPC, art. 1, 21, 22, Civil Code, art. 4
B. Purposes
1. Death penalty
a. Const., art. III, sec. 19(1)
b. Republic Act No. 9346
c. Republic Act No. 7659
d. People v. Echegaray, 267 SCRA 682
F. Application
6. Three-fold rule
RPC, art. 70
1. Probation
a. Pres. Decree No. 968, as amended
b. Francisco v. Court of Appeals, 243 SCRA 384
(1995)
c. Yusi v. Morales, 121 SCRA 854 (1983)
d. Cal v. Court of Appeals, 251 SCRA 523 (1995)
e. Llamado v. Court of Appeals, 174 SCRA 566 (1989)
f. Baclayon v. Mutia, 129 SCRA 148, 154 (1984)
g. Bala v. Martinez, 181 SCRA 459 (1990)
h. Salgado v. Court of Appeals, 189 SCRA 304 (1990)
A. Total Extinction
RPC, art. 89
3. Amnesty
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
People v. Patriarca, G.R. No. 135547, 29 September
2000
People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
4. Absolute pardon
Const., art. VII, sec. 19
Flora v. Oximana, G.R. No. 19745, 31 January 1964
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, supra
Pelobello v. Palatino, G.R. No. 48100, 20 June 1941
RPC, art. 23, 344
B. Partial Extinction
RPC, art. 94
1. Conditional pardon
RPC, art. 95
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