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    Chemistry Investigatory Am

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    cᴘcтԍᴀмιɴԍ YT
    This document outlines a chemistry investigatory project on the preparation of potash alum. It includes an index, certificate of completion, acknowledgements, introduction on alum and its uses, the basic aim to prepare potash alum from aluminum scrap, a list of requirements, theory behind the reactions, description of the reactions, step-by-step procedure, sections for observations and results, and a bibliography. The project was completed by a class 12 student to prepare potash alum and determine its percentage yield.

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    Chemistry Investigatory Am

    Uploaded by

    cᴘcтԍᴀмιɴԍ YT
    202 views15 pages
    This document outlines a chemistry investigatory project on the preparation of potash alum. It includes an index, certificate of completion, acknowledgements, introduction on alum and its uses, the basic aim to prepare potash alum from aluminum scrap, a list of requirements, theory behind the reactions, description of the reactions, step-by-step procedure, sections for observations and results, and a bibliography. The project was completed by a class 12 student to prepare potash alum and determine its percentage yield.

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    This document outlines a chemistry investigatory project on the preparation of potash alum. It includes an index, certificate of completion, acknowledgements, introduction on alum and its uses, the basic aim to prepare potash alum from aluminum scrap, a list of requirements, theory behind the reactions, description of the reactions, step-by-step procedure, sections for observations and results, and a bibliography. The project was completed by a class 12 student to prepare potash alum and determine its percentage yield.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    202 views15 pages

    Chemistry Investigatory Am

    Uploaded by

    cᴘcтԍᴀмιɴԍ YT
    This document outlines a chemistry investigatory project on the preparation of potash alum. It includes an index, certificate of completion, acknowledgements, introduction on alum and its uses, the basic aim to prepare potash alum from aluminum scrap, a list of requirements, theory behind the reactions, description of the reactions, step-by-step procedure, sections for observations and results, and a bibliography. The project was completed by a class 12 student to prepare potash alum and determine its percentage yield.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    CHEMISTRY

    INVESTIGATORY
    PROJECT (2023-2024)
    Preparation of potash
    alum
    NAME- Abhinav Mishra
    CLASS- XII
    ROLL NO.-
    INDEX
    1. Certificate
    2. Acknowledgement
    3. Introduction
    4. Basic Aim
    5. Requirements
    6. Theory
    7. Reactions
    8. Procedure
    9. Observation
    10. Result
    11. Bibliography
    CERTIFICATE
    This is here to certify that this project on topic
    “PREPARATION OF POTASH ALUM” has been
    made by ABHINAV MISHRA of class XII of
    Shree Sanatan Dharam Education Centre during
    the academic year 2023-24. He has completed
    the project under my guidance with utmost
    sincerity.

    ________ ________ ________


    PRINCIPAL INTERNAL EXTERNAL
    EXAMINER EXAMINER
    ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
    This is to express my sincere thanks to our
    principal ma’am Ms. Shobha Das and our
    Chemistry in-charge Mr. Kuldeep Sharma
    who guided me through the project and also
    gave valuable suggestions for completing
    this project. They helped me to understand
    the intricate issues involved in my project.
    My project has been successful only because
    of their guidance.
    INTRODUCTION
    Aluminium because of its low density, high tensile
    strength and resistance to corrosion is widely
    used for the manufacture of aeroplanes,
    automobiles lawn furniture as well as for
    aluminium cans. Being good conductor of
    electricity it is used for transmission of electricity.
    Aluminium is also used for making utensils. The
    recycling of aluminium cans and other aluminium
    products is a very positive contribution to saving
    our natural resources. Most of the recycled
    aluminium is melted and recast into other
    aluminium metal products or used in the
    production of various aluminium compounds, the
    most common of which are the alums.
    Alums are double sulphates
    having general formula
    X2SO4.M2(SO4)3.24H2O
    X = Monovalent cation
    M = Trivalent cation
    Some important alum and their names are given
    below:
    K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Potash Alum
    Na2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O - Soda Alum
    K2SO4.Cr2(SO4)3.24H2O - Chrome Alum
    (NH)2SO4.Fe2(SO4)3.24H2O - Ferric Alum
    Potash alum is used in papermaking, in fire
    extinguishers, in food stuffs and in purification of
    water soda alum used in baking powders and
    chrome alum is used in tanning leather and water
    proofing fabrics.
    In addition to these primary uses, alum is also
    used as:
    1)An astringent - a substance or preparation
    that draws together or constricts body tissues
    and is effective in stopping the flow of blood
    or other secretions. Alum has also been used
    by conventional hairdressers for treating
    shaving cuts.
    2) A mordant – a substance used in dyeing to fix
    certain dyes on cloth. Either the mordant (if it
    is colloidal) or a colloid produced by the
    mordant adheres to the fibre, attracting and
    fixing the colloidal mordant dye. The
    insoluble, coloured precipitate that is formed
    is called a lake. Alum is a basic mordant used
    for fixing acid dyes.
    3)For the removal of phosphate from natural
    and waste waters - the aluminium ions of
    alum combine with the orthophosphate
    around pH 6 to form the solid aluminium
    hydroxyphosphate which is precipitated.
    4)For fireproofing fabrics - The major uses of
    alums are based on two important properties,
    namely precipitation of Al(OH)3 and those
    related to the acidity created by the
    production of hydrogen ions.
    Al (H2O)6+3 → Al(OH)3 ↓ + 3H2O + 3H+
    The H+ ions generated are used for reacting
    with sodium bicarbonate to release CO2. This
    property is made use of in baking powder and
    CO2 fire extinguishers.

    BASIC AIM
    To prepare potash alum from aluminium
    scrap.
    requirement
     250 ml flask
     Funnel
     Beaker
     Scrap aluminium or cola can
     Potassium hydroxide solution
    (KOH)
     6 M Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)
     Water Bath
     Ethanol
    THEORY
    Aluminium metal is treated with hot aqueous
    KOH solution. Aluminium dissolves as
    potassium aluminate, KAl(OH)4 salt.
    2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 6H2O(l)
    2KAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3H2
    Potassium aluminate solution on treatment with
    dil. Sulphuric acid first gives precipitate
    Al(OH)3, which dissolves on addition of small
    excess of H2SO4 and heating.
    2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2Al(OH)3 (s) +
    K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
    2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq)
    Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
    The resulting solution is
    concentrated to near
    saturation and cooled.
    On cooling crystals of
    potash alum
    crystallize out.
    K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l)
    K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O(s)

    REACTIONS INVOLVED
     2Al(s) + 2KOH(aq) + 6H2O(l)
    2KAl(OH)4 (aq) + 3H2
     2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) 2Al(OH)3(s)
    + K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
     2Al(OH)3 (s) + 3H2SO4 (aq)
    Al2(SO4)3(aq) +6H2O(l)
     K2SO4(aq) + Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 24H2O(l)
    K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O(s)
    PROCEDURE
    Clean a small piece of scrap aluminium with
    steel wool and cut it into very small pieces.
    Aluminium foil may be taken instead of scrap
    aluminium.
    Put the small pieces of scrap aluminium or
    aluminium foil (about 1.00g) into a conical flask
    and add about 50 ml of 4 M KOH solution to
    dissolve the aluminium.
    The flask may be heated gently in order to
    facilitate dissolution. Since during this step
    hydrogen gas is evolved this step must be done
    in a well ventilated area.
    Continue heating until all of the aluminium
    reacts.
    Filter the solution to remove
    any insoluble impurities
    and reduce the
    volume to about
    25 ml by heating.
    Allow the filtrate to cool. Now add slowly 6 M
    H2SO4 until insoluble Al(OH)3 just forms in the
    solution.
    Gently heat the mixture until the Al(OH)3
    precipitate dissolves.
    Cool the resulting solution in an ice-bath for
    about 30 minutes whereby alum crystals should
    separate out. For better results the solution
    may be left overnight for crystallization to
    continue.
    In case crystals do not form the solution may be
    further concentrated and cooled again.
    Filter the crystals from the solution using
    vacuum pump, wash the crystals with 50/50
    ethanol-water mixture.
    Continue applying the vacuum until the crystals
    appear dry.
    Determine the mass of alum
    crystals.
    Observation
    Mass of aluminium metal =……………. g
    Mass of potash alum =……………. g
    Theoretical yield of potash alum =…………… g
    Percent yield =…………… %

    Result
    Potash alum of ………. % yield was prepared from
    aluminium scrap.
    BIBLIOGRAPHY
     Textbook for class XII – NCERT
     Comprehensive Chemistry
     http://www.google.com/
     http://en.wikipedia.org

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