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    Chap3 2

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    raihan.kuet.bme
    1) When resistors, inductors, and capacitors are connected to a sinusoidal source, the currents and voltages across the elements will be sinusoidal and may differ in magnitude and phase. 2) In a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees. In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 3) Impedance (Z) is the opposition to current flow, while admittance (Y) is the ease of current flow. The impedance and admittance of resistors, inductors, and capacitors determine their behavior in AC circuits.

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    Chap3 2

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    raihan.kuet.bme
    20 views12 pages
    1) When resistors, inductors, and capacitors are connected to a sinusoidal source, the currents and voltages across the elements will be sinusoidal and may differ in magnitude and phase. 2) In a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees. In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 3) Impedance (Z) is the opposition to current flow, while admittance (Y) is the ease of current flow. The impedance and admittance of resistors, inductors, and capacitors determine their behavior in AC circuits.

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    Circuit II

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    Chap3-2

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    1) When resistors, inductors, and capacitors are connected to a sinusoidal source, the currents and voltages across the elements will be sinusoidal and may differ in magnitude and phase. 2) In a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees. In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 3) Impedance (Z) is the opposition to current flow, while admittance (Y) is the ease of current flow. The impedance and admittance of resistors, inductors, and capacitors determine their behavior in AC circuits.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views12 pages

    Chap3 2

    Uploaded by

    raihan.kuet.bme
    1) When resistors, inductors, and capacitors are connected to a sinusoidal source, the currents and voltages across the elements will be sinusoidal and may differ in magnitude and phase. 2) In a resistor, the voltage and current are in phase. In an inductor, the voltage leads the current by 90 degrees. In a capacitor, the current leads the voltage by 90 degrees. 3) Impedance (Z) is the opposition to current flow, while admittance (Y) is the ease of current flow. The impedance and admittance of resistors, inductors, and capacitors determine their behavior in AC circuits.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    3.2.

    Passive Elements in Sinusoidal Excitation

    When resistors, inductors and capacitors are connected to a


    sinusoidal source, all currents and voltages across these elements
    will be sinusoidal
    - same frequency as the source
    - may differ in magnitude and phase
    3.2.1 Resistor

    i(t) i = I m cos ωt
    v = Ri = RI m cos ωt
    +
    v(t) I = I m ∠0D
    R
    _ V = RI m ∠0D = RI
    Im

    Re
    0 V and I are in phase
    I V
    Vm
    Im

    -Im
    -Vm ωt
    0 π 2π 3π 4π
    3.2.2 Inductor
    di
    i(t) v = L = −ωLI m sin ωt
    dt
    + = ωLI m sin( −ωt )
    v(t) L = ωLI m cos(−ωt − 90D )
    _
    = ωLI m cos(ωt + 90D )
    Im
    V = ωLI m ∠90D
    V
    = ωLI m ∠0D × 1∠90D
    I Re = jωLI
    0

    In an inductor, voltage leads current by 90o.


    Vm
    Im

    -Im
    ωt
    -Vm
    0 π 2π 3π 4π
    3.2.3 Capacitor

    dv
    i(t) i = C = −ωCVm sin ωt
    dt
    + = ωCVm sin( −ωt )
    v(t) C
    = ωCVm cos(−ωt − 90D )
    _
    = ωCVm cos(ωt + 90D )
    Im
    I = ωCVm ∠90D
    I
    = ωCVm ∠0D × 1∠90D
    V Re
    0 = jωCV

    In a capacitor, current leads voltage by 90o.


    Vm

    Im

    -Im
    ωt
    -Vm
    0 π 2π 3π 4π
    3.2.4 Summary

    Resistor V and I in phase


    Inductor V leads I by 90 degrees
    Capacitor I leads V by 90 degrees

    How to remember?

    C I V I L
    3.3 Impedance and Admittance

    V
    Z= Z: impedance (in ohms)
    I
    1 I
    Y= = Y: admittance (in siemens)
    Z V

    1
    Resistor: ZR = R YR =
    R
    1 j
    Inductor: Z L = jωL YL = =−
    jωL ωL
    1 j
    Capacitor: ZC = =− YC = jωC
    j ωC ωC
    3.3.1 Reactance and Susceptance

    Z = R + jX R: resistance, X: reactance

    X L = Im(Z L ) = ωL
    1
    X C = Im(Z C ) = −
    ωC

    Y = G + jB G: conductance, B: susceptance

    1
    BL = Im(YL ) = −
    ωL
    BC = Im(YC ) = ωC
    3.3.2 Combining Impedances in Series and Parallel Networks

    + V1 - + V2 -
    b
    I
    + Z1 Z2 +
    V Zab Zn Vn
    - -
    a

    V1 = IZ1, V2 = IZ2, ... , Vn = IZn


    V = V1 + V2 + ... + Vn
    = IZ1 + IZ2 + ... + IZn = I(Z1 + Z2 + ... + Zn)
    Zab = Z1 + Z2 + ... + Zn
    b

    Zab Z1 Z2 Zn

    Zab = Z1 // Z2 // ... // Zn
    1 1 1 1
    = + + ... +
    Z ab Z1 Z 2 Zn
    Yab = Y1 + Y2 + ... + Yn

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