FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY

Drug Awareness
NSTP11
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Topic Outlines
• What is drugs
• Types of drugs
• How it is used
• Reason why people use drugs
• Signs of drug usage
• Effects of drugs
• Myths and misconceptions about drug
• Risk factors
• Commonly abused substances
• How to avoid drug use
• Drug treatment
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSE ONLY
What is DRUG?
• is any substance (with the exception of food and
water) which, when taken into the body, alters
the body's function either physically and/or
psychologically.

• Drugs may be legal (e.g. alcohol,

caffeine and tobacco)
• or illegal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy,
cocaine and heroin).
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TYPES OF DRUGS
1. Depressants:
Drugs that decrease alertness by slowing
• down the activity of the central nervous system (e.g. heroin,
alcohol and analgesics).
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TYPES OF DRUGS
2. Stimulants:
• Drugs that increase the body's state of arousal by
increasing the activity of the brain (e.g. caffeine,
nicotine and amphetamines).
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TYPES OF DRUGS
3. Hallucinogens:
• Drugs that alter perception and can cause
hallucinations, such as seeing or hearing
something that is not there (e.g. LSD and
'magic mushrooms’).
• Other: Some drugs fall into the 'other’
category, as they may have properties of
more than one of the above categories
(e.g. cannabis has depressive,
hallucinogenic and some stimulant
properties).
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How it is used ?
• Injection
• Inhalation
• Smoking
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Why do people use drugs?

• People use drugs for a variety of reasons.
Young people often use drugs for the same
reasons that adults do. Some of these
include:
– to have fun
– to relax and forget problems
– to gain confidence
– to socialize
– out of curiosity
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Why do people use drugs?

– as a form of escapism
– to lessen inhibitions
– to remove personal responsibility for
decisions
– to celebrate or commiserate
– to relieve boredom and stress
– self-medication to cope with problems
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Common Signs of Drug Use

• Changes in attendance in school
or
• work Abrupt changes in overall
• attitude Irritable, discourteous,
aggressive
• Usually untrustworthy and lacks
self confidence
• Low frustration tolerance
• Lacking interest
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Common Signs of Drug Use

• Blames everybody but oneself
• Prefers to stay with peers
• May frequent odd places
• Poor physical appearance
• Wearing of sunglasses at
inappropriate times
• Unusual effort to cover arms to
hide needle
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Common Signs of Drug Use

• Stealing items which
can be readily sold
• Unusual borrowing of
money from relatives
and friends
• Association with known
drug abuses
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Faces of Meth
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Effects of Drug Abuse

• PERSON
• FAMILY
• COMMUNITY
• SOCIETY
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Effects on the Person

• Medical and Physical Deterioration
– Respiratory, digestive, and other health
problems

• Personal Deterioration
– Manipulativeness; negative attitudes;
selfishness; low frustration tolerance; poor
family relations; non-trustworthiness;
depression; absence of good manners and
right conduct, among others.
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Effects on the Person

• Mental Deterioration
– Loss of interest to productive activities;
emotional immaturity; no initiative for
self-improvement; inability to
concentrate; psychosis, among others.

• Spiritual Deterioration
– Drug abusers are godless; no
spiritual beliefs, no spiritual
obligations, nor religious
responsibilities.
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Effects on the Family

• Family members develop intense feelings of
humiliation and guilt
• Low self esteem of family members
• Spirit of togetherness and unity are broken
• Domestic violence
• Loss of money or valuables
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Effects on the Community

• Increase in petty crimes within
neighborhoods Increase of drug
dependents and drug pushers
• Developing fear of drug users among
residents, especially at night
• Neighborhood association and
interaction is reduced
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Effects on Society
• Increase in heinous and anti-
social crimes
• Overwhelming fear towards
drug dependents, limiting
people’s movement especially
at night
• Disregarding of moral values
and the deterioration of the
moral fiber of society (leading
to prostitution, pedophilia, child
abuse, and other immoral acts)
• A threat to national security
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “Recreational use of drugs is

not harmful”

– All illegal drugs are dangerous and can

cause physical and psychological
changes to the user.

– Prolonged drug use worsens the

harmful effects.
– Prescription drugs should always be
administered and used only at the
direction of a physician.
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “Marijuana is no worse
than using alcohol or
tobacco”

– Alcohol leaves the body within 24

hours (it is water- soluble)

– Marijuana is fat-soluble. It attaches

to fatty parts of the body (usually
the brain and reproductive organs)
and can be detected up to 30 days
after initial use..
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “Marijuana is no worse
than using alcohol or
tobacco”

– Impairs short term memory

– Interferes with reproductive
functions
– Impairs lung and respiratory
functions
– Interferes with perception,
judgment, and fine motor skills
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “Everybody is taking
drugs. Only the weak
ones become drug
dependent.”
– The majority of the population do
not use illegal drugs
– Peer pressure is always difficult to
cope with and it takes more
courage and strength to stand up
for what you know is right.
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “Drug abuse is a
‘victimless’crime that
only hurts the user.”

• It affects the user, one’s family, friends,

Immediate community, and society at
large.
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “If a person wants to take
drugs, governments
should not interfere”
• The rights of an individual must be
consistent with the safety and welfare
of all.
• No one has a right to behave in a
manner destructive to others. Users
must accept responsibility for the
damage, disruption
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Myths & Misconceptions

• “All drug users should be
imprisoned.”
• Imprisonment does not solve the
problem.
• Counseling, medical treatment and
long term support are essential as
intervention tools.
• Imprisonment does not cure the
disease and he/she is likely to return to
the drug cycle upon release.
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RISK FACTORS
• FA MILY
• SCHOOL
• SOCIAL
• OTHER FACTORS
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Risk Factors (Family)

• Drug Use and Criminal Behavior

Drug use in the family is a factor associated

with the initiation and frequency of drug abuse
by children.

• Poor, Inconsistent Family Management

Practices

Children in families with low disciplinary

practices
and interaction with parents are at high risk
for
delinquency and drug abuse.
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Risk Factors (Social)

• Early Exposure and
Frequency of Antisocial
Behaviors

• Early antisocial behavior in the primary

grades predicts frequent use of drugs in
adolescence.
• Delinquent behavior may lead to drug
addiction later in adolescence.
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Risk Factors (Social)

Attitudes and Beliefs
• Knowledge about the health effects has
preventive effect on drug use. Positive
beliefs and attitude towards use of drugs,
alcohol, and tobacco leads to use of these
vices.
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Risk Factors (Social)

Peer Pressure and Other Factors
• Drug behavior and drug-related attitudes of
peers are among the strongest and most
potent predictors of drug involvement.
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Risk Factors (School)

School Failure
• Delinquency is related to academic
performance in school.
• School failure in elementary grades
precedes delinquency.
• Poor school performance is a common
antecedent into drugs.
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Risk Factors (School)

Low Degree of Commitment to Education
and Attachment to School

• Those who are committed to participating in school activities, hold high

achievement and educational aspirations are the least prone to delinquency
and drug abuse.
• Drug users are more likely to be absent from school, cut classes and to
perform more poorly than non-users.
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Risk Factors (other factors)

Mobility

• Increased antisocial behavior results when

experiencing transitions (transferring schools
or moving between levels)
• Residential mobility can also predict
delinquency, and is also related with drug
initiation and frequency of use.
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Risk Factors (Other factors)

Constitutional, Genetic and Personality
Factors

• Children with biological or psychological deficiencies are at greater risk of

abusing drugs.
• Those displaying abnormal mood, anxiety or behavior disorders are at
increased risk.
• Those who are clinically depressive, display anxiety disorders, or impulse
control disorders are vulnerable to substance abuse.
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Risk Factors (other factors)

Media

• Advertising is powerful in influencing youth

decisions.
• Film and TV stars, pop stars and fashion
models make smoking seem attractive (Ary,
1988) and the adolescents imitate them to
smoke their style.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Alcohol
• Other Terms: Ethyl alcohol or ethanol

• How it is Used: Drinking

• Effects on the Body: Slows reflexes and

causes drowsiness when used in excess
dementia, stroke, cardiovascular problems,
hypertension, increased risk of many kinds of
cancer.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Caffeine
• Found in: Coffee, tea, cocoa, soft drinks, and
some medications
• How it is Used: Orally in pill form or
consumed in food and drinks
• Effects on the Body: Reduces fine motor
coordination, increases alertness, alters sleep
patterns, and can cause headaches,
nervousness, and dizziness.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Nicotine
• Other Terms: Tobacco; found in cigarettes,
cigars, and smokeless tobacco

• How it is Used: Smoked or chewed

• Effects on the Body: Reduces appetite and

can cause nausea and vomiting, increases
alertness.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Marijuana
• Other Terms: Grass, pot, reefer, and weed

• How it is Used: Usually smoked; baked into

brownies; brewed like tea

• Effects on the Body: Marijuana impairs

memory, concentration, perception, and
movement.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Cocaine
• Other Terms: Crack, blow, rock, snow, coke
• How it is Used: Snorted, smoked, or injected
• Effects on the Body: Causes dizziness,
headache, stimulates the brain and spinal
cord, and increased heart rate. Elevated
blood pressure, increased body temperature,
increased breathing rate.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Ecstasy
• Other Terms: X, Molly, Happy Drug, Love,
Drug
• How it is Used: Orally in pill form

• Effects on the Body: Increased heart rate,

blood pressure, and body temperature,
dehydration, nausea, muscle cramping,
involuntary teeth clenching, blurred vision,
chills, sweating.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Shabu
• Other Terms: Shabu &, bato
• How it is Used: Snorted
• Effects on the Body: Tachycardia,
hypertension, atrial and ventricular
arrhythmias, chest pain, accelerated
atherosclerosis, dyspnea, edema, abscess,
cellulitis, seizures, hypotension, dental caries,
periodontal abscess (meth mouth), pupillary
dilatation.
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Commonly Abused Substances

Benzodiazepine
• Other Terms: Vs, Downers, Benzos
• How it is Used: Taken orally
• Effects on the Body: Euphoria, drowsiness,
stupor, coma, respiratory depression,
seizures, slurring of speech, disorientation,
delayed reflexes.
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How to Avoid Drug Use

• Understand how alcohol and drug addiction

develops
• Get help if you have an alcohol or drug
problem
• Avoid temptation and peer pressure
• Find support that you need
• Maintain physical wellness and mental health
• Use drugs properly
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How to Avoid Drug Use

• Accept yourself
• Develop your potentials and engage in
productive and fulfilling activities
• Communicate your issues and concerns
• Learn how to cope with your problems
• Seek professional help if you feel you cannot
cope with problems
• Develop strong moral and spiritual
foundations.
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Drug Treatment
Withdrawal Management (WM)

• Medical and psychological care of patients who are experiencing withdrawal

symptoms as a result of ceasing or reducing use of their drug of dependence
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Drug Treatment
Rehabilitation Program

• Sets of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive

substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cocaine,
heroin or amphetamines.
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Drug Treatment
Out-patient Treatment Drug dependency

• Drug dependency treatment where the patient is not admitted to the hospital or
facility.
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Drug Treatment
Residential Rehabilitation

• Treatment programs for substance dependency provided for patients

in residential settings.
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Drug Treatment LEVEL OF USE MANAGEMENT

Follow-up and Aftercare Abstainer Preventive Education
Experimenters
Occasional Users Counseling
• Support services for persons Regular Users
discharged from hospitals and Drug Dependent Drug Rehabilitation
rehabilitation centers.
Mentally Ill Chemical Psychiatric
Abuser (Substance Induced
Psychosis treatment)
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How to Help a Friend

• Listen
• Share
• Support
• Encourage
• Inform
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Sources

https://www.slideshare.net/majumalon/drug
-awareness-53923038

https://www.slideshare.net/search?searchfr
om=header&q=drug+education