Anatomy and Physiology 2nd Edition

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Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) A twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot outward is known as 1)
A) plantar flexion.
B) dorsiflexion.
C) inversion.
D) eversion.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2) The joints that are subjected to the greatest load are found in the 2)
A) ankles. B) hips. C) knees. D) spine. E) hands.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3) Which of the following movements is a good example of supination? 3)

A) moving the hand toward the shoulder
B) spreading the fingers
C) opening the mouth
D) extreme bending of the head backwards
E) turning the hand palm upward
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

1
 4) Which of the following is not a function of synovial fluid? 4)
A) provides nutrients
B) protects articular cartilages
C) shock absorption
D) increases osmotic pressure within joint
E) lubrication
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 8-1 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

5) Identify the type of joint at label "3." 5)

A) hinge B) saddle C) pivot D) ellipsoid E) gliding
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

2
6) A movement away from the midline of the body is termed 6)
A) abduction.
B) inversion.
C) flexion.
D) extension.
E) adduction.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7) In the knee joint, the medial and lateral menisci 7)

A) take the place of bursae.
B) are cartilages that bind the knee to the tibia.
C) act as cushions and conform to the shape of the articulating surfaces.
D) are found between the patella and femur.
E) both A and D
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8) The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint. 8)
A) elbow B) hip C) knee D) wrist E) shoulder
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

3
 Figure 8-1 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

9) Identify the type of joint at label "1." 9)

A) ellipsoid B) pivot C) hinge D) saddle E) gliding
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10) Which of the following movements is a good example of depression? 10)

A) extreme bending of the head backwards
B) moving the hand toward the shoulder
C) spreading the fingers
D) opening the mouth
E) turning the hand palm upward
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

4
 11) Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint? 11)
A) ischiofemoral ligament
B) anterior cruciate ligament
C) iliofemoral ligament
D) ligamentum teres
E) pubofemoral ligament
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Figure 8-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions:

12) Identify the structure labeled "2." 12)

A) synovial membrane
B) periosteum
C) serous membrane
D) joint capsule
E) intracapsular ligament
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

5
13) Dislocations are quite painful due to stimulation of pain receptors. One place these receptors are 13)
absent is
A) inside the joint cavity.
B) within the joint capsule.
C) within the tendons around the joint.
D) within the ligaments around the joint.
E) both C and D
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14) To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called 14)
A) eversion.
B) rotation.
C) circumduction.
D) retraction.
E) opposition.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15) An epiphyseal line is an example of a 15)

A) symphysis.
B) syndesmosis.
C) synchondrosis.
D) gomphosis.
E) synostosis.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16) A ligamentous connection such as an interosseus ligament is termed a 16)

A) symphysis.
B) syndesmosis.
C) gomphosis.
D) synostosis.
E) synchondrosis.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

6
17) Bursae are found in all of the following areas, except 17)
A) tendon sheaths.
B) around many synovial joints.
C) around blood vessels.
D) within connective tissue exposed to friction or pressure.
E) beneath the skin covering a bone.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18) Which of the following movements would you associate with chewing food? 18)
A) abduction
B) elevation
C) pronation
D) circumduction
E) flexion
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19) Contraction of the muscle that is attached to the radial tuberosity results in 19)
A) rotation of the shoulder.
B) flexion of the forearm.
C) adduction of the forearm.
D) abduction of the forearm.
E) extension of the forearm.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20) Nodding your head "yes" is an example of 20)

A) lateral and medial rotation.
B) circumduction.
C) protraction and retraction.
D) flexion and extension.
E) pronation and supination.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

7
21) The "rotator cuff" of the shoulder functions to 21)
A) reinforce the joint capsule.
B) limit the range of movements.
C) allow biaxial movement.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22) A suture is an example of a(n) 22)

A) syndesmosis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) synarthrosis.
D) symphysis.
E) amphiarthrosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23) Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to 23)

A) rigid cartilaginous bridge.
B) periodontal ligament.
C) completely fused.
D) fibrous cartilage.
E) dense regular connective tissue.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24) Which ligament connects the clavicle and the acromion? 24)
A) coracoclavicular
B) coracoacromial
C) acromioclavicular
D) coracohumeral
E) glenohumeral
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

8
25) Which of the following movements is a good example of flexion? 25)
A) extreme bending of the head backwards
B) spreading the fingers
C) turning the hand palm upward
D) opening the mouth
E) moving the hand toward the shoulder
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26) In a triaxial articulation 26)

A) no movement is possible.
B) movement can occur in all three axes.
C) movement can occur in only two axes.
D) movement can occur in only one axis.
E) only circumduction is possible.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27) The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony sockets is a 27)
A) synotosis.
B) suture.
C) synchondrosis.
D) gomphosis.
E) none of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

28) The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint. 28)

A) hinge B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) saddle E) pivot
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

9
 Figure 8-1 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

29) Identify the type of joint at label "4." 29)

A) pivot B) hinge C) gliding D) saddle E) ellipsoid
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

30) A herniated intervertebral disc is caused by 30)

A) ossification of the vertebral disc.
B) loss of annulus fibrosis elasticity.
C) protrusion of the nucleus pulposus.
D) transformation of fibrocartilage to hyaline cartilage.
E) slippage of the fibrocartilage disc.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

10
31) The medial surface of the knee joint is reinforced by the ________ ligament. 31)
A) cruciate
B) fibular collateral
C) popliteal
D) tibial collateral
E) patellar
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

32) A freely movable joint is a(n) 32)

A) synarthrosis.
B) diarthrosis.
C) syndesmosis.
D) symphysis.
E) amphiarthrosis.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

33) Which of these is not a property of articular cartilage? 33)

A) enclosed by a capsule
B) smooth, low-friction surface
C) lubricated by synovial fluid
D) similar to hyaline cartilage
E) covered by perichondrium
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

34) A slightly movable joint is a(n) 34)

A) gomphosis.
B) synostosis.
C) diarthrosis.
D) amphiarthrosis.
E) synarthrosis.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

11
35) The joints between vertebrae are examples of ________ joints. 35)
A) gliding B) ellipsoid C) saddle D) hinge E) pivot
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

36) Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction? 36)

A) spreading the fingers
B) extreme bending of the head backwards
C) moving the hand toward the shoulder
D) opening the mouth
E) turning the hand palm upward
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

37) Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged? 37)
A) The exposed surface changes to a rough feltwork.
B) The matrix begins to break down.
C) Friction in the joint increases.
D) Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

38) The surface of articular cartilage is 38)

A) slick.
B) flat.
C) smooth.
D) rough.
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

12
39) Monaxial joints are known as ________ joints. 39)
A) saddle
B) ball-and-socket
C) ellipsoid
D) hinge
E) gliding
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

40) Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include 40)
A) supporting ligaments.
B) tough capsule.
C) almost complete bony socket.
D) strong muscular padding.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

41) The radiocarpal joint is a(n) ________ joint. 41)

A) ellipsoid
B) saddle
C) immovable
D) gliding
E) hinge
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

42) A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the sole inward, termed 42)
A) inversion.
B) protraction.
C) eversion.
D) dorsiflexion.
E) plantar flexion.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

13
43) Joints can be classified structurally as 43)
A) cartilaginous.
B) bony.
C) fibrous.
D) synovial.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

44) All of the following are structural classifications of synovial joints, except 44)
A) pivot. B) hinge. C) saddle. D) gliding. E) rolling.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

45) Which of these is not considered to be an accessory synovial structure? 45)

A) menisci
B) bursae
C) synovial membrane
D) tendons
E) fat pads
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

14
 Figure 8-1 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

46) Identify the type of joint at label "5." 46)

A) hinge B) saddle C) ellipsoid D) pivot E) gliding
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

47) Which of the following is not a characteristic of articular cartilage? 47)

A) Surfaces are normally slick and smooth.
B) The matrix contains more water than other cartilages.
C) It is composed of hyaline cartilage.
D) There is no perichondrium.
E) It secretes synovial fluid.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

15
48) Which of the following ligaments assist in stabilization of the shoulder joint? 48)
A) coracoacromial
B) subscapularis
C) coracoclavicular
D) all of the above
E) both A and C
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

49) Which foot movement enables the ballerina to stand on her toes? 49)
A) eversion
B) inversion
C) rotation
D) dorsiflexion
E) plantar flexion
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

50) A synovial joint is an example of a(n) 50)

A) synarthrosis.
B) symphysis.
C) syndesmosis.
D) amphiarthrosis.
E) diarthrosis.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

51) The elbow joint is extremely stable because 51)

A) the capsule lacks ligaments.
B) the joint lacks bursae.
C) the articular capsule is thin.
D) the ulna and humerus interlock.
E) several muscles support the joint capsule.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

16
52) An extension past the anatomical position is known as 52)
A) rotation.
B) extension.
C) hyperextension.
D) flexion.
E) double jointed.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

53) Which of the following movements is a good example of hyperextension? 53)

A) moving the hand toward the shoulder
B) extreme bending of the head backwards
C) opening the mouth
D) spreading the fingers
E) turning the hand palm upward
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

54) The ligament that provides support to the front of the knee joint is the ________ ligament. 54)
A) patellar
B) posterior cruciate
C) tibial collateral
D) anterior cruciate
E) popliteal
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

55) The joint between the trapezium and metacarpal bone of the thumb is an example of a(n) ________ 55)
joint.
A) gliding B) hinge C) pivot D) saddle E) ellipsoid
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

17
 Figure 8-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions:

56) Identify the structure at label "1." 56)

A) synovial membrane
B) articular cartilage
C) bursa
D) meniscus
E) joint cavity
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

57) An immovable joint is a(n) 57)

A) symphysis.
B) syndesmosis.
C) amphiarthrosis.
D) synarthrosis.
E) diarthrosis.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

18
58) The movements known as dorsiflexion and plantar flexion involve moving the 58)
A) leg. B) hip. C) hand. D) foot. E) arm.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

59) Lifting a stone with the tip of foot is 59)

A) eversion.
B) circumduction.
C) inversion.
D) plantar flexion.
E) dorsiflexion.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

19
 Figure 8-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions:

60) Identify the structure labeled "5." 60)

A) intracapsular ligament
B) synovial membrane
C) serous membrane
D) joint capsule
E) periosteum
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

61) Dense connective tissue is to a suture as a periodontal ligament is to a(n) 61)

A) syndesmosis.
B) amphiarthrosis.
C) gomphosis.
D) synchondrosis.
E) synostosis.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

20
 Figure 8-1 Bones of the Wrist and Hand

Use Figure 8-1 to answer the following questions:

62) Identify the type of joint at label "2." 62)

A) hinge B) gliding C) ellipsoid D) saddle E) pivot
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

63) Complete dislocation of the knee is a rare because 63)

A) the femur articulates with the tibia at the knee.
B) the knee contains seven major ligaments.
C) the knee is extremely resilient.
D) the knee is protected by the patella.
E) the knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

21
 Figure 8-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions:

64) Which structure acts as a cushion and consists of fibrocartilage? 64)

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

65) The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment 65)
of the femoral and tibial condyles are the ________ ligaments.
A) fibular collateral
B) cruciate
C) patellar
D) tibial collateral
E) popliteal
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

22
66) The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are 66)
the
A) medial menisci.
B) lateral menisci.
C) fat pads.
D) popliteal ligaments.
E) cruciate ligaments.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

67) Which of the following types of joints is monoaxial, but capable of only rotation? 67)
A) pivot
B) ball-and-socket
C) gliding
D) saddle
E) hinge
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

23
 Figure 8-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 8-2 to answer the following questions:

68) What type of tissue occurs at the structure labeled "3"? 68)
A) hyaline cartilage
B) fibrocartilage
C) dense connective tissue
D) synovial membrane
E) bone tissue
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

69) The ankle joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint. 69)

A) hinge
B) ellipsoid
C) gliding
D) saddle
E) ball-and-socket
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

24
70) The joints that connect the four fingers with the metacarpal bones are 70)
A) hinge joints.
B) pivot joints.
C) ellipsoid joints.
D) condyloid joints.
E) saddle joints.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

71) The normal movement of the hip joint during walking involves 71)
A) abduction.
B) adduction.
C) flexion.
D) extension.
E) both C and D
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

72) Muscles that extend the elbow attach to the 72)

A) medial epicondyle.
B) radial tuberosity.
C) coronoid process.
D) lateral epicondyle.
E) olecranon process.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

73) Which of the following athletes are at greatest risk of developing a rotator cuff injury? 73)
A) tennis players
B) white-water kayakers
C) runners
D) baseball pitchers
E) both B and D
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

25
74) All of the following movements occur at the intervertebral joints, except 74)
A) extension.
B) rotation.
C) dorsiflexion.
D) flexion.
E) lateral flexion.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

75) Which of these is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints? 75)
A) gomphosis
B) synostosis
C) suture
D) synchondrosis
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

76) The intercarpal articulations are ________ joints. 76)

A) ball-and-socket
B) saddle
C) gliding
D) hinge
E) ellipsoid
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

77) Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint? 77)

A) wrist B) elbow C) knee D) shoulder E) ankle
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

26
78) Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones? 78)
A) saddle
B) pivot
C) hinge
D) ball-and-socket
E) gliding
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

79) The largest and strongest articulation at the elbow is the 79)
A) ulnaradial joint.
B) humeroradial joint.
C) ulnar joint.
D) radial joint.
E) humero-ulnar joint.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

80) All of the following statements are true, except one. Identify the exception. 80)
A) The more movement a joint allows, the stronger the joint.
B) The tension produced by muscle tendons surrounding a joint help stabilize the joint.
C) The rotator cuff functions to limit the range of movements of the shoulder joint.
D) The tighter two bones are held together within a joint, the stronger the joint.
E) The shapes of the articulating surfaces within the joint help prevent movement in a particular
direction and strengthen and stabilize the joint.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

81) Which of the following is not a property of synovial joints? 81)

A) lined by a secretory epithelium
B) covered by a serous membrane
C) contain synovial fluid
D) covered by a capsule
E) freely movable
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

27
 82) Curling into the "fetal position" ________ the intervertebral joints. 82)
A) flexes
B) extends
C) hyperextends
D) rotates
E) abducts
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

83) The back of the knee joint is reinforced by ________ ligaments. 83)
A) anterior cruciate
B) popliteal
C) posterior cruciate
D) tibial collateral
E) patellar
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

84) The knee joint is stabilized by _________________________ major ligaments. 84)

Answer: 7
Explanation:

85) _________________________ subdivide synovial cavities, channel the flow of synovial 85)
fluid, and allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces.
Answer: Menisci
Explanation:

86) Match the term with the correct definition. 86)

1. synarthrosis A) slightly movable joint

2. amphiarthrosis B) immovable joint
3. diarthrosis C) freely moving joint
Answer: 1-B; 2-A; 3-C
Explanation:

87) The ligament that encloses the _________________________ attaches to the tibial tuberosity. 87)
Answer: patella
Explanation:

28
88) The shoulder joint, or _________________________ joint, permits the greatest range of 88)
motion of any joint.
Answer: glenohumeral
Explanation:

89) A _________________________ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position. 89)
Answer: dislocation
Explanation:

90) List the types of movement that may be permitted at a synovial joint. 90)
Answer: linear, gliding motion, angular motion (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction,
circumduction), rotation, and a series of special movements (eversion, inversion,
protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression)
Explanation:

91) The movement of a body part downward is called _________________________. 91)

Answer: depression
Explanation:

92) The coxal bones articulate with the sacrum at the _________________________ joint. 92)
Answer: sacroiliac
Explanation:

93) Usually found outside the capsule, _________________________ protect the articular 93)
cartilages and act as packing material for the joint.
Answer: fat pads
Explanation:

94) The movement of rotating a limb toward the anterior surface of the body is called 94)
_________________________.
Answer: medial rotation (or internal rotation)
Explanation:

95) _________________________ are small fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue. 95)

Answer: Bursae
Explanation:

96) The hip joint can also be referred to as the _________________________ joint. 96)
Answer: coxal
Explanation:

97) Match the term with the correct definition. 97)

1. gliding joint A) ankle joint

2. pivot joint B) sacroiliac joint
3. hinge joint C) radiocarpal joint
4. ellipsoid joint D) proximal radioulnar joint
Answer: 1-B; 2-D; 3-A; 4-C
Explanation:

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 98) The location where two bones meet is called a joint or an _________________________. 98)
Answer: articulation
Explanation:

99) The glenoid fossa is rimmed by the fibrocartilaginous _________________________. 99)

Answer: glenoid labrum
Explanation:

100) Structurally, the public symphysis is classified as a(n) _________________________ 100)

articulation.
Answer: amphiarthrotic
Explanation:

101) Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where 101)
ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called _________________________.
Answer: bursae
Explanation:

102) The movement of a body part upward is called _________________________. 102)

Answer: elevation
Explanation:

103) The movement of rotating a limb outward is called _________________________. 103)

Answer: lateral rotation (or external rotation)
Explanation:

104) You _________________________ your jaw when you grasp your upper lip with your 104)
lower teeth.
Answer: protract
Explanation:

105) List the three functions of synovial fluid. 105)

Answer: lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption
Explanation:

106) Extending a body part past the anatomical position is called _________________________. 106)
Answer: hyperextension
Explanation:

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

107) The stronger and more stable a joint is, the less mobility it has. 107)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

108) The distal articulation between the tibia and the fibula is known as a syndesmosis joint. 108)
Answer: True False
Explanation:

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ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

109) When the triceps brachii muscle contracts, what movements does it produce?
Answer: The triceps brachii attaches to the olecranon process. Contraction of the triceps brachii muscle causes the
ulna to rotate around the distal humerus, causing extension of the forearm.

110) A high school student comes to the emergency room complaining of persistent pain and stiffness in her
shoulder joint. In talking with her, you discover that she has been spending many hours trying to improve her
pitching skills for her school's softball team. What is likely causing the pain?
Answer: Her pain is probably caused by injury to the rotator cuff, which can result from repetitive motion,
trauma, or excessive force. The rotator cuff consists of the tendons of four muscles that stabilize the
shoulder joint. If torn, surgical repair may be indicated.

111) Why is the inferior region of the shoulder joint most vulnerable to dislocation?
Answer: The anterior, superior, and posterior surfaces of the shoulder joint are reinforced by ligaments, muscles,
and tendons, but the inferior capsule is poorly reinforced. As a result, a dislocation caused by an impact
or a violent muscle contraction is most likely to occur at this site. Such a dislocation can tear the inferior
capsular wall and the glenoid labrum.

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Answer Key
Testname: C8

1) D
2) A
3) E
4) D
5) B
6) A
7) C
8) E
9) A
10) D
11) B
12) A
13) A
14) E
15) E
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) B
20) D
21) E
22) C
23) D
24) C
25) E
26) B
27) D
28) A
29) E
30) C
31) D
32) B
33) E
34) D
35) A
36) A
37) E
38) E
39) D
40) E
41) A
42) A
43) E
44) E
45) C
46) A
47) E
48) E
49) E
50) E
32
Answer Key
Testname: C8

51) D
52) C
53) B
54) A
55) D
56) C
57) D
58) D
59) E
60) A
61) C
62) B
63) B
64) D
65) B
66) C
67) A
68) A
69) A
70) C
71) E
72) E
73) E
74) C
75) E
76) C
77) D
78) E
79) E
80) A
81) B
82) A
83) B
84) 7
85) Menisci
86) 1-B; 2-A; 3-C
87) patella
88) glenohumeral
89) dislocation
90) linear, gliding motion, angular motion (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction), rotation, and a series
of special movements (eversion, inversion, protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression)
91) depression
92) sacroiliac
93) fat pads
94) medial rotation (or internal rotation)
95) Bursae
96) coxal
97) 1-B; 2-D; 3-A; 4-C
98) articulation
99) glenoid labrum
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Answer Key
Testname: C8

100) amphiarthrotic
101) bursae
102) elevation
103) lateral rotation (or external rotation)
104) protract
105) lubrication, nutrient distribution, shock absorption
106) hyperextension
107) TRUE
108) TRUE
109) The triceps brachii attaches to the olecranon process. Contraction of the triceps brachii muscle causes the ulna to rotate
around the distal humerus, causing extension of the forearm.
110) Her pain is probably caused by injury to the rotator cuff, which can result from repetitive motion, trauma, or excessive
force. The rotator cuff consists of the tendons of four muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint. If torn, surgical repair
may be indicated.
111) The anterior, superior, and posterior surfaces of the shoulder joint are reinforced by ligaments, muscles, and tendons,
but the inferior capsule is poorly reinforced. As a result, a dislocation caused by an impact or a violent muscle
contraction is most likely to occur at this site. Such a dislocation can tear the inferior capsular wall and the glenoid
labrum.

34