Site Feasibility 5 - Measured Drawings and Excavation 2019

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SITE FEASIBILITY 5

2019
Review Questions
 What type of sandstone is commonly found in the
Wellington area?
 Name one way that soil can be modified to improve
it’s performance?
 What is underpinning?
 What is covered by NZS 4306:2005?
 What type of dimensions are used to record length
measurements on site?
This session
 Creating measured drawings
 Line weights, hatches and labels
 Information needed on drawings
 Earthworks
 Earthworks consents
 Site Access
Creating a Measured Drawing
 This note shows the process of drawing up the site
measurements

 AT students can use butter paper over a printed


5mm grid sheet (to assist with squareness)

 Use 2H pencil & a scale rule to set out the drawing


and to draw ‘information’ lines (pen 1)
Creating a Measured Drawing
 Use an HB pencil to do ‘elevated’ and ‘sectioned’
lines (pens 2 & 3)

 Rule the setout lines and freehand the darkened


lines

 Use your own measurements and not the imaginary


house shown here
STAGE 1

 Establish overall shape and size by adding up the


measurements as necessary
 Locate a rectangle of this size on the paper
allowing room for the title block, north point, notes
Stage 1
 Add plan detail such as
bay windows and verandah.

 Resolve any discrepancies,


dimensions do not always
add up and may
require a further site visit.
STAGE 2  Add verandah detail
 Wall thickness
 Add steps, show up arrow and write
going and riser
STAGE 2

 Add windows, doors , include mullions


 Complete dimensions of building outline, use chain
dimensions rather than running, no need to
dimension windows and doors
STAGE 3

 Darken sectioned and elevated lines


Its alright if you want to draw your
STAGE 4 measured room on a separate sheet at 1:20.
But show the outline of the room on the overall
floor plan

 Insert your measured room, 2H pencil (pen 1) .


There may be further discrepancies . Allow for the
measured wall thicknesses
STAGE 4
 Darken the sectioned and elevated lines with an HB
pencil (pens 2 & 3)
 Mark the location of the part eave section
STAGE 5

 Add ridge & eave lines:


 Decide which way the ridge goes (parallel to the
longest sides of the main building rectangle)
 Draw hip lines in at 45° to the corners till they meet
the ridge
STAGE 5

 Bays which extend out from the main roof need the
valley line also drawn in
 Gables (not shown here) will have the ridge extend
out to the wall without hips
STAGE 6 - THE PART EAVE SECTION

 Roughly set out the section


and locate on the page
with a 2H pencil
 Add the rest of the detail

around the eave and window


STAGE 7

 Darken the sectioned and elevated lines with an HB


pencil (pens 2 & 3)
 Darken the ground line very thick and add hatching
to reinforce it
 Add break lines
 Add dimensions (vertical running dimensions)
STAGE 7
Stage 8 – Elevations
 From the measurements taken on you are to
produce two elevations of the building

 Similar to process shown in section use a 2H pencil


to define the areas of the elevations

 Use to a 2B pencils to outline the edges of elements


with a thicker ‘elevation’ outline
Stage 8 – Elevations
 Show small areas of hatch (patterns) indicating the
materials such as timber weatherboards.

 You don’t have to show the weatherboards or brick


etc. going over the entire area they cover but in
some of the edges only (this saves a lot of time in
the drawing)

 You need to label materials using clear text – use


lightly ruled lines as a base
Excavation and the Environment
Excavation and the Environment
Construction often results in the exposure of large
amounts of topsoil to the elements (with the existing
vegetation removed).

When rain occurs many tonnes of soil can be washed


away from sites every year.

This soil can end up in water ways kilometres away


from the site
Excavation and the Environment
The soil sediment in water ways
can smother plants and insects
and effect the breeding of fish by
filling in the areas where fish like
breed and lay eggs.

In extreme cases sediment build


up can lead to flooding
Excavation and the Environment

Planning for
construction
requires
thought on
how to
mitigate these
effects
Excavation and the Environment
 Councils don’t usually allow run-off water to go into
stormwater systems
Excavation and the Environment
To minimise these effects careful planning needs to be
given to the following:

 Lessening the passage of water onto the site


 Restricting soil erosion on site
 Capture and treatment of runoff
 Careful maintenance of on site systems
Excavation and the Environment
 Where possible plan to avoid excavation in the
wettest times of the year.
Excavation and the Environment

Consider the site area


and topography. Smaller
sites make it hard to
install collection
runoff systems and
Safely store materials
Excavation and the Environment
Locate any
Streams in the area

Diversion
and protection of existing
on-site waterways is
important
Excavation and the Environment
Other considerations

 Minimizing the amount of soil exposed at any one


point
 Confirming what consents will be required
 Keeping vehicles off-site where possible. Only one
access point
Mitigation Methods
 Keeping clean water off the site is an effective way
of reducing run-off – various methods can be to
divert or collect water before is gets to the site

Other methods
can be use of drains
or areas (swales)
where the water can be
collected
Mitigation Methods
Working close
to water will
require some
protection method
such as silt
fences
Mitigation Methods
Extraction
of water
can be done to
removal of
sediment
Erosion control
On steeper
sites consideration
needs to be given
to erosion.

Effects can be
reduced by
compaction,
use of geotextile
materials and or
keeping as much
vegetation on site
as possible
Excavation Consents
Task 5.7 of Deliverable 5 asks you to research the consent
process for earthworks and to consider the environmental
effects. Most of which we have discussed above

The images above come from a text prepared by the


Greater Wellington Regional Council titled ‘ Small
Earthworks – Erosion and sediment control for smaller sites
– further research of this document maybe needed for this
task. They also publish guidelines that provide information
for sites larger than 3000m²
Site Access

Consideration needs to given


to the access to any site studied.

It is not uncommon for properties


in New Zealand to have poor
access
Site Access
Poor access will usually effect the
cost of construction. If there is no drive
on access then the cost of construction could
increase roughly between 10-15%.

There are however various method


of getting materials to site.

Access can also be provided


by cable car
Reading
Small Earthworks – Sediment and Erosion Control
for Small Sites – Greater Wellington Council –
Moodle

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