AULA VIRTUAL DE INGLÉS I.E.S.

“DUQUE DE RIVAS”
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GRAMMAR 1.

CONNECTORS AND LINKERS

THEORY, EXERCISES AND KEY ANSWERS

THEORY

CONTRAST

In spite of Despite her age, she was

A pesar de + able to run quite fast.
Despite noun/pronoun/- In spite of what you say, I
ing can´t believe it.
Despite being raining, we
went out.
In spite of
A pesar de + the fact that + In spite of the fact that I was
Despite S+V tired, I couldn´t sleep.
Although Aunque Although she smokes 20
cigarettes a day, she is quite
Though + S+V fit.

Even though Incluso aunque I didn´t get the job though I

had all the qualifications.

Even though I was really

tired, I couldn´t sleep.
However Sin embargo , clause He was very rude to us,
however, we forgave him.

Nevertheless No obstante , clause I don´t like him,

nevertheless, I´ll help him.
On (the) one Por una clause USA is a very rich country,
hand…On (the) parte…por (la) Somalia, on the other hand is
other hand otra poor.
Whereas, while Mientras que +S +V Madrid hasn´t got sea,
(whereas/while) La Coruña
has a coastline
Yet Aún así + S+V She is rude and arrogant, yet
he loves her.

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REASONS

Because Porque She told me that because she wanted

As Ya que S+V As she was busy, I did all the work

Since Dado que Since we were late, we didn´t get good

seats.
Because of A causa de The concert was cancelled because of
the singer
Owing to Debido a Noun/
pronoun She was ill so, owing to her, they could
Due to Debido a not come

Due to his careless driving, he had a

bad accident.
For this…that Por esta, esa She was late, and for that reason we
reason razón S+V couldn´t see the play.

That´s why Esa es la razón She hasn´t returned the money I lent
por la que her. That´s why I won´t give her any
more.

CONSEQUENCES

Therefore Por lo tanto

S+V
Consequently En You have been coming late all the
consecuencia week, (therefore/ consequently/so)
So you shall stay for one more hour.
Así que, por
eso
As a result of Como Noun/Pronoun/- He has to stay in hospital for a long
resultado de ing time as a result of the car accident.

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PURPOSE

To

In order Para + verb He bought a computer (to, so as to, in

to order to) work more quickly.

So as to
In order
that De tal + sentence with He bought a computer so that he could
manera que a modal work more quickly.
So that

GIVING EXAMPLES

For We really have a lot of things in common, for example both

example Por of us love reading
ejemplo
For Certain diseases are carried by insects, for instance malaria
instance and sleeping sickness.

Such as Tal(es) A lot of famous people have visited this restaurant, such as
como Prince Charles, Steve Jobs and Madonna.

ADDING INFORMATION

Apart from this Aparte de

(that) esto (eso)

Moreover, In Además
addition
Además de
In addition to I don´t really want to go out, (moreover, in
Lo que es más addition, besides….) there´s a good film on TV.
What´s more
Además
On top of that
Además
Besides

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Y aún más
Furthermore

SEQUENCING

First of all Primero

To begin Para
with empezar

Secondly
En segundo
lugar First he closed the windows, secondly he locked the doors.
Next, then Then he was prepared to leave, but all of a sudden a very
Luego strong wind opened the windows while he was looking for
After that his coat. After that, he really thought he was going to
Después arrive late to the meeting. Finally, he was able to close the
While windows and leave his house on time. On the whole, it had
Mientras been a stressful morning, but in the end everything was
In the fine.
meantime Mientras
tanto
All of a
sudden
De repente
Finally

In the end Finalmente

In short Al final

To sum up Resumiendo

On the Para resumir

whole
En general
In
conclusion En
conclusión

LINKERS TO EXPRESS OPINIONS AND FACTS

In my opinion, in my view En mi opinion

Grammar 1. Connectors and Linkers 2º Bachillerato 4

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From my point of view Desde mi punto de vista

As far as I´m concerned Por lo que a mí respecta

As a matter of fact, in fact De hecho

Actually En realidad

To a certain extent Hasta cierto punto

More or less Más o menos

Above all Sobre todo

EXERCISES

1.COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR SHOWING CONTRAST (however, yet,

nevertheless, whereas, despite, in spite of the fact, although) YOU MUST USE
ALL OF THEM ONCE.

a) She still won the game_______________she had a bad knee.

b) They still went out _______________that it was raining.
c) He failed the exam_______________studying hard.
d) Patrick is very careful_______________Pat makes many mistakes.
e) I don´t agree with all of her methods. _______________, she is a good teacher.
f) She was in personal danger, _______________, she went into the burning house
to save her brother.
g) He says he´ll be here on time,_______________I don´t believe him.

2.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF REASON. ( due to, Since, as,

because of, because) YOU MUST USE ALL OF THEM ONCE.

a) They have called a special meeting _______________the issue is really

important.
b) _______________ she was really tired, I helped her with everything.
c) _______________we didn´t want to involve him, we didn´t mention his name
on the report.
d) Scientists argue that the climate is changing _______________the greenhouse
effect.
e) I don´t only like her _______________her beauty.

3.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF PURPOSE. ( in order to, so that, so

as to)YOU MUST USE ALL OF THEM ONCE

a) It will be done that way_______________ avoid bureaucracy.

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b) He chose to do it that way _______________be able to keep the secret.
c) I changed the hour of the meeting _______________she could come with her
baby.

4.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF CONSEQUENCE. (therefore, as a

result of, consequently)YOU MUST USE ALL OF THEM ONCE.

a) I didn´t have enough time to study,_______________I failed all my subjects.

b) He died _______________of the operation.
c) Your behaviour is intolerable,_______________you shall be punished.

5.- MIXED CONNECTORS (nevertheless, on the other hand, so, moreover,

instead, besides, as well as, yet, therefore,while,such as,) YOU MUST USE ALL
OF THEM ONCE.

a) The new car is smaller, _______________it is cheaper to run.

b) Everything around him was destroyed,_______________he escaped without a
scratch.
c) He had not slept that night. _______________, he swam really fast.
d) Some languages _______________French and Italian, are based on Latin.
e) I love classical music_______________Patrick hates it.
f) John was very bad at cricket. _______________, he is a fantastic rugby player.
g) Women, _______________men , have a fundamental right to work.
h) Judy did not answer. _______________, she looked out of the window.
i) John said he was very hungry _______________I made him an omelette.
j) I don´t like that necklace; _______________it´s too expensive.
k) The opposition have accused the Government of corruption.
_______________they have given names.

6.- CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER.

1.-_______________the warnings about the dangers of smoking, many young

people smoke.

a) On the one hand b) Despite c) Although

2.- Helen is rather tall _______________Shelley is quite short.

a) in spite of b) in contrast to c) whereas

3.- I heard that the film was terrifying._______________, I found it boring.

a) On the contrary b) Although c) In spite of

4.- The weather was quite horrible, _______________ we thoroughly enjoyed our
holiday.

a) Whereas b) However c) in spite of

the fact that

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5.- I don´t want to hire a car, _______________I haven´t brought my license.

a) Although b) therefore c) besides

6.- In some countries_______________Pakistan, India and Thailand, young children

work almost in the conditions of a slave.

a) Moreover b)such as c) as well as

7.- The students have organized an anti-smoking day at school. _______________,

they have invited a doctor to lecture on smoking-related diseases.

a) Furthermore b) In addition to c) However

8.- Dairy products are advertised on TV_______________ cigarettes advertisements

are illegal.

a) in contrast to b) despite c) whereas

9.- He plays the piano_______________the violin.

a) as well as b) such as c) for example

10.- Newspapers offer the readers a wide variety of articles,

_______________news, sports and financial columns.

a) Such b) for instance c) besides

7.- REWRITE EACH SENTENCE BEGINNING AS SHOWN.

a) Although they tried hard, they didn´t win the match.

a) Despite…
b) Despite finishing second, she qualified for the second run.
b) Although…
c) Although he had a cold, he managed to finish first.
c) Despite…
d) Despite losing a shoe, he broke the world 100m record.
d) Although…

ANSWERS

1.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR SHOWING CONTRAST.

a) although
b) in spite of the fact that

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 AULA VIRTUAL DE INGLÉS I.E.S. “DUQUE DE RIVAS”
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c) despite
d) whereas
e) nevertheless
f) yet
g) however

2.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF REASON.

a) because
b) as/since
c) as/since
d) due to/because of
e) due to/because of

3.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF PURPOSE

a) in order to/so as to
b) in order to/so as to
c) so that

4.- COMPLETE WITH A CONNECTOR OF CONSEQUENCE

a) therefore/consequently
b) as a result
c) therefore/consequently

5.- MIXED CONNECTORS

a) therefore
b) yet
c) nevertheless
d) such as
e) while
f) on the other hand
g) as well as
h) instead
i) so
j) besides

6.- CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER

1) B
2) C
3) A
4) B
5) C
6) B
7) A

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8) C
9) A
10) B

7.- REWRITE EACH SENTENCE BEGINNING AS SHOWN

a) Despite trying hard, they didn´t win the match.

b) Although she finished second, she qualified for the second run.
c) Despite having a cold, he managed to finish first.
d) Although he lost a shoe, he broke the world 100 m record.

Grammar 1. Connectors and Linkers 2º Bachillerato 9