Questions No. 1 to 6 are MCQs carrying 1 mark each, choose the correct option.

Q1. circular coil is placed near a straight conductor as shown below. When the current in the
straight conductor increases, the current in the coil is

(a) clockwise
(b) anticlockwise
(c) normal to the plane oi coil
(d) None of them.
Q2. Which of the following gives the direction of the induced e.m.f.?
(a) Faraday’s law
(b) Lenz’s law
(c) Ampere
(d) Biot-Savart’s law.
Q3. The electric current in a circuit varies from + 2A to – 2A in a time 10-2 s. Another coil of
resistance 20 Ω and inductance 2H is placed hear it. What will be the induced current in the
second coil?
(a) 4A
(b) 8A
(c) 20A
(d) 40A
Q4. A car moves up on a plane road. The induced e.m.f. in the axle connecting the two wheels
is maximum, when it moves:
(a) At the poles
(b) At equator
(c) remains stationary
(d) No e.m.f. is induced at all.
Q5. When the current through a solenoid increases at a constant rate, the induced current:
(a) is a constant and is in the direction of inducing current.
(b) is a constant and is opposite to the direction of the inducing current.
(c) increases with time and is in the direction of the inducing current.
(d) increases with time and is opposite to the direction of the inducing current.
Q6. The self inductance of a coil is a measure of
(a) electrical inertia
(b) electrical friction
(c) induced e.m.f.
(d) induced current

These questions No. 7 to 10 carrying 1 mark each , consist of two statements, each
printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to
choose any one of the following four responses.

(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct explanation of
the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Q7. Assertion : Induced emf will always occur whenever there is change in magnetic flux.
Reason : Current always induces whenever there is change in magnetic flux.
Q8. Assertion : Faraday’s laws are consequence of conservation of energy.
Reason : In a purely resistive ac circuit, the current legs behind the emf in phase.
Q9. Assertion : Acceleration of a magnet falling through a long solenoid decreases.
Reason : The induced current produced in a circuit always flow in such direction that it
opposes the change to the cause that produced it.
Q10. Assertion : Figure shows a metallic conductor moving in magnetic field. The induced
emf across its ends is zero.

Reason : The induced emf across the ends of a conductor is given by e = Bvℓ sinθ.

Questions 11 and 12 are case study based each carrying 4 marks. Read the following
paragraphs carefully and answer the questions.

Q11. Lenz's law states that the direction of induced current in a circuit is such that it opposes
the change which produces it. Thus, if the magnetic flux linked with a closed circuit
increases, the induced current flows in such a direction that magnetic flux is created in the
opposite direction of the original magnetic flux. If the magnetic flux linked with the closed
circuit decreases, the induced current flows in such a direction so as to create magnetic flux
in the direction of the original flux.

(i) Which of the following statements is correct?

(a)The induced e. m. f. is not in the direction opposing the change in magnetic flux so as to
oppose the cause which produces it.
(b) The relative motion between the coil and magnet produces change in magnetic flux.
(c) Emf is not induced only if the magnet is moved towards coil.
(d) Emf is not induced only if the coil is moved towards magnet
(ii) Explain the law by which polarity of induced emf is given in an inductor coil.
(iii) Prove that the Lenz's law follows the law of conservation of energy.
OR
(iii) A plot of magnetic flux (ϕ ) versus current (I) is shown in the figure for two inductors A and B.
Which of the two has larger value of self inductance? (Delhi 2010)
Q12. Mutual inductance is the phenomenon of inducing emf in a coil, due to a change of current in
the neighbouring coil. The amount of mutual inductance that links one coil to another depends very
much on the relative positioning of the two coils, their geometry and relative separation between
them. Mutual inductance between the two coils increases μr times if the coils are wound over an
iron core of relative permeability μr

(i) When primary coil P is moved towards secondary coil S (as shown in the figure) the
galvanometer shows momentary deflection. What can be done to have larger deflection in the
galvanometer with the same battery?

(ii) State the related law

(iii) A coil Q is connected to low voltage bulb B and placed near another coil P as shown in
the figure. Give reasons to explain the following observations:

The bulb ‘B’ lights.

OR
Bulb gets dimmer if the coil Q is moved towards left.

Questions No 13 to 16 are Short Answer questions each carrying 2 marks.

Q 13. How does the mutual inductance of a pair of coils change when
(i) distance between the coils is increased and
(ii) number of turns in the coils is increased
Q 14. A bar magnet is moved in the direction indicated by the arrow between two coils PQ
and CD. Predict the direction of the induced current in each coil.

Q 15. (i) When primary coil P is moved towards secondary coil S (as shown in the figure) the
galvanometer shows momentary deflection. What can be done to have larger deflection in the
galvanometer with the same battery?

(ii) State the related law.

Q 16. A rectangular loop PQMN with movable arm PQ of length 10 cm and resistance 2 Ω is
placed in a uniform magnetic field of 0.1 T acting perpendicular to the plane of the loop as is
shown in the figure. The resistances of the arms MN, NP and MQ are negligible. Calculate
the
(i) emf induced in the arm PQ and
(ii) current induced in the loop when arm PQ is moved with velocity 20 m/s.

Questions No 17 to 20 are Short Answer questions each carrying 3 marks.

Q 17. A metallic rod of length l is rotated at a constant angular speed to, normal to a uniform
magnetic field B. Derive an expression for the current induced in the rod, if the resistance of
the rod is R.
Q 18. (i) Define mutual inductance.
(ii) A pair of adjacent coils has a mutual inductance of 1.5 H. If the current in one coil
changes from 0 to 20 A in 0.5 s, what is the change of flux linkage with the other coil?
Q 19. Define self-inductance of a coil and hence write the definition of ‘Henry’.
(b) Write any two factors each on which the following depends :
(i) Self inductance of a coil.
(ii) mutual inductance of a pair of coils.
Q 20. State Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Figure shows a rectangular
conductor PQRS in which the conductor PQ is free to move in a uniform magnetic field B
perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The field extends from x = 0 to x = b and is zero for x
> b. Assume that only the arm PQ possesses resistance r.
When the arm PQ is pulled outward from x = 0 to x = 2b and is then moved backward to x =
0 with constant speed v, obtain the expressions for the flux and the induced emf. Sketch the
variations of these quantities with distance 0 ≤ x ≤ 2b.
Answers to the questions
Ans 1 (a)
Ans 2 (b)
Ans 3 (d)
Ans 4 (a)
Ans 5 (b)
Ans 6 (a)
Answer 7 (c) Emf will always induces whenever, there is change in magnetic flux. The
current will induce only in closed loop.
Answer 8 (c) In purely resistive circuit, the current and emf are in the same phase.
Answer 9 (a)
Answer 10 (a)
Answer 11:
(i) (b) The relative motion between the coil and magnet produces change in magnetic flux.
(ii) Lenz’s law states that “the polarity of induced emf is such that it tends to produce a
current, which oppose the change in magnetic flux that induced it”.
(iii) In the experimental verification of Lenz's law, when the N-pole of the magnet is moved
towards the coil, the upper face of the coil acquires north polarity. Therefore, work has to be
done against the force of repulsion, in bringing the magnet closer to the coil.
Similarly, when the N pole of a magnet is moved away, south polarity develops on the upper
face of the coil.
Therefore, work had to be done against the force of attraction, in taking the magnet away
from the coil.
OR
Since ϕ = LI
∴ L = ϕI = slope
Slope of A is greater than slope of B
∴ Inductor A has larger value of self-inductance than inductor B.
Answer 12:
(i) To have larger deflection in the galvanometer with the same battery, coil P has to be
moved faster towards S so that rate of change of magnetic flux is more.
(ii) The related law governing this phenomenon is Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic
induction which states that induced emf is set up in a circuit when magnetic flux linked with
it changes. The magnitude of induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic
flux.
(iii) The bulb B lights on account of emf induced in the coil Q due to mutual induction
between P and Q.
OR
When coil Q is moved towards left, magnetic flux linked with Q decreases and may even
reduce to zero at some distance. The emf induced may decrease and the bulb B gets dimmer.
Answer 13 :
(i) Mutual inductance decreases’, because flux linked with the secondary coil decreases.
(ii) M=μ0n1n2Al, so when n1 and n2 increase, mutual inductance (M) increases.
Answer 14 :
Induced current flows from P to Q through ammeter;
while it flows from D to C through ammeter.
Answer 15 :
(i) To have larger deflection in the galvanometer with the same battery, coil P has to be
moved faster towards S so that rate of change of magnetic flux is more.
(ii) The related law governing this phenomenon is Faraday’s second law of electromagnetic
induction which states that induced emf is set up in a circuit when magnetic flux linked with
it changes. The magnitude of induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic
flux.
Answer 16 :

(i) emf induced

(ii) Current in the loop,

Answer 17 :
emf produced/induced across a small-section (dr) on the rod

Answer 18 :
(i) Mutual inductance : Magnetic flux, linked with the secondary coil due to the unit current
flowing in the primary coil, ϕ2=MI1
OR
Mutual inductance of a coil, equals the magnitude of the emf induced in it, when the current
in the neighbouring coil, is changing at a unit rate.
S.I. unit : henry
Therefore, induced emf associated with the secondary coil, for a unit rate of change of current
in the primary coil. e2=−Mdl1/dt
[i.e. the phenomenon of production of induced emf in one coil due to change in current in
neighbouring coil]
(ii) Given : M = 1.5 H, I1 = 0, I2 = 20 A, ∆t = 0.5 sec, dϕ = ?
Change in flux (dϕ) = MdI = M(I2 – I1) = 1.5 (20 – 0) = 30 Weber
Answer 19 :
(a) The self-inductance (L) of a coil equal the magnetic flux linked with it, when a unit
current flows through it.
One henry is the self inductance of a coil for which the magnetic flux, linked with it, due to a
current of 1A, flowing in it, equals one weber.
OR
Self inductance of a coil, equals the magnitude of the emf induced in it, when the current in
the coil, is changing at a unit rate.
S.I. unit : henry
(b) (i) Self inductance of a coil depends on
Its geometry (area and length of a coil.
Number of turns
Medium within the coil
(ii) Mutual inductance of a given pair of coils depends on
Their geometries
Their distance of separation
Number of turns in each coil.
Nature of medium in the intervening space.
Answer 20:
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction: “The magnitude of the induced emf in a circuit is
equal to the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the circuit”