The 4th Conf.

of SSFOP “Ornamental Plants and Environment”, Cairo, Egypt, 22/4/2018

Scientific J. Flowers & Ornamental Plants
www.ssfop.com/journal
ISSN: 2356-7864 doi: 10.21608/sjfop.2018.17770

EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SOME NATURAL STIMULANT

TREATMENTS ON: I. VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND FLOWERING
ASPECTS OF (GLADIOLUS GRANDIFLORUS CV. PETER PEARS)
PLANTS
M.A.H. Abdou*, F.S. Badran*, E.T. Ahmed*, R.A. Taha* and M.A.M. Abdel-Mola**
* Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Minia Univ., Egypt.
** Hort. Dept., Fac. Agric., Beni-Seuf Univ., Egypt.

ABSTRACT: Two field experiments were carried out during the two
successive seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 at the Nursery and the
Laboratory of Ornamental plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia
University. The aim of this study was to figure out the effect of organic
fertilization and natural stimulants, as well as, their interaction on
vegetative growth, flowering aspects of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv.
Peter Pears plants.
Results showed that vegetative growth (leaf length, number of
leaves/plant and dry weight of leaves/plant) and flowering aspects
(length of spike, number of florets/spike and lower floret diameter)
were gradually increased by increasing the level of compost fertilizer.
Scientific J. Flowers & All natural stimulant treatments significantly increased all
Ornamental Plants, vegetative growth characters and flowering parameters in comparison
5(2):105-114 (2018). with the control. Seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l or active dry yeast at 5 g/l
seemed to be more effective than other treatments in this concern.
Received:
17/2/2018 The use of high level of compost (7.5 ton/fed) in combination with
Accepted: seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l or active dry yeast at 5 g/l noticeably
26/2/2018 improved the different vegetative growth characters and flowering
parameters of gladiolus.

Key words: Gladiolus grandiflorus, compost, seaweeds extract, active

dry yeast, moringa leaves extract, green tea extract,
vegetative growth, flowering parameters.
INTRODUCTION growth and flowering aspects of gladiolus
plants.
Gladiolus grandiflorus, L. plants are
considered one of the most important Many investigators revealed the
flowering bulbs grown in Egypt. Gladiolus importance of organic fertilization on the
belongs to Family Iridaceae and is growth and flowering quality of gladiolus.
propagated by corms. It has a decorative Gangadharan and Gopinath (2000), Conte et
spike which carries numerous florets. There al. (2001), Khan et al. (2002), Atta-Alla et
are fast expands in areas planted with al. (2003), Dongardive et al. (2007),
gladiolus in Egypt in order to meet the Leonardo and Barbara (2011), Chandar et al.
increase demand for gladiolus flowers for (2012), Hassan (2016), Khanam et al. (2017)
local market and export. and Abdel-Mola (2017) reported that treated
gladiolus plants with organic fertilization
All natural stimulants are among the resulted in significant increase in leaf length,
important agricultural treatments which have number of leaves and dry weight of leaves,
been proved to improve the vegetative as well as, spike length, number of
 M.A.H. Abdou et al.

florets/spike and lower floret diameter in (control, green tea extract at 5 g/l, moringa
comparison with untreated plants. leaves extract at 300 mg/l, garlic extract at
300 mg/l, licorice roots extract at 5 g/l,
Concerning the effect of natural
active dry yeast at 5 g/l and seaweeds extract
stimulants, Al-Rashedy (2010), Ahmed
at 3 cm3/l) were set in the sub-plots. The four
(2013), Abdou et al. (2013), Abdou and
levels of compost treatments were 0.0, 2.5,
Ibrahim (2015), Alma,thedee and Bairam
(2014), Hassan (2016), Khattab et al. (2016) 5.0 and 7.5 ton/fed. The compost was added
before planting during the soil preparation.
and Abdel-Mola (2017) found that natural
stimulant treatments improved vegetative Compost analysis is shown in Table (2).
growth and flowering characters of The plants were foliar sprayed three
gladiolus. times, one month and two months after
The aim of the present study was to planting and after flower cut. All agricultural
practices were performed as usual in the
investigate the effect of compost as organic
fertilizer and natural stimulant treatments on region.
the vegetative growth and flowering Preparation of the natural stimulants:
productivity of gladiolus cv. Peter Pears.
Garlic plant extract:
MATERIALS AND METHODS One kilogram fresh mature cloves were
The corms of gladiolus were obtained blended in the presence of distilled water (1
from Holland by Basiouny Nurseries, Cairo, kg/l), then frozen (24 hours) and thawed two
Egypt. Average corm diameter was 2.7 and times then filtered. The filter extract (100 %)
3.0 cm and average corm weight was 9.7 and was used for preparation (300 ml/l = 30 %)
10.2 g for the two seasons, respectively, all according to El-Desouky et al. (1998).
corms were soaked in Pinlate at the Some chemical constituents of garlic
concentration of 1 g/l for one minute before according cloves to Arid Land Agricultural
planting in the two experimental seasons. Research Unit are listed in Table (3).
Corms were planted on October 1st for both
seasons in hills, 20 cm apart, on the lower Moringa leaves extract:
third of one side of each ridge (10 Aqueous extract of moringa at (300 ml/l)
corms/ridge). Physical and chemical was prepared by mixing 30 g of plant leaf
properties of the soil used are listed in Table material with one liter of distilled water in a
(1). The split plot design with three household blender for 15 min at 50 ℃. The
replicates was followed in this experiment. solution was filtered through filtered paper
The four levels of compost fertilization (Phiri and Mbewe, 2010). Nutrient
treatments were considered as main plots and information and amino acids of moringa
the seven natural stimulant treatments leaves were shown in Table (4).

Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil.

Value Value
Character Character
2014/2015 2015/2016 2014/2015 2015/2016
Sand (%) 28.98 28.90 Total N (%) 0.08 0.06
Silt (%) 29.87 30.64 Available P (%) 15.67 15.58
Clay (%) 41.15 40.46 Exch. K+ (mg/100 g) 2.85 2.64
Soil type Clay loam Clay loam Exch. Ca++ (mg/100 g) 31.12 31.43
Organic matter (%) 1.54 1.59 Exch. Na+ (mg/100 g) 2.51 2.50
CaCO3 (%) 2.11 2.10 Fe 8.23 8.11
pH 7.75 7.71 DPTA Cu 2.01 2.00
E.C. (mmhos /cm) 1.08 1.06 Ext. (ppm) Zn 2.87 2.89
Mn 8.11 8.15

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Table 2. The chemical analysis of compost.

Content Value Content Value
Organic carbon (%) 25.1 Total P (%) 0.5
Humidity (%) 25 Total K (%) 1.0
Organic matter 44 Fe (ppm) 1750
C/N ratio 16.7 Zn (ppm) 60
pH (1:2.5) 8.0 Mn (ppm) 125
E.C. (mmhos/cm) 5 Cu (ppm) 200
Total N (%) 2.2

Table 3. Some chemical constituents of garlic according cloves to Arid Land

Agricultural Research Unit:
Components GA3 IAA ABA Ca+2 Mg+2 SO4-2 Zn+2 Mn+2
16.33
1.363 1.230 0.181 66.5 94.4
Concentration (mg/100 g Trace Trace
% % % ppm ppm
f.w.)

Table 4. Nutrients information and amino acids of moringa leaves.

Nutrient information Leaves Nutrient information Leaves Amino acids Leaves
Calories 92 Sulfur (mg) 137 Arginine 402
Protein (g) 6.7 Selenium (mg) 0 Histidine 141
Fat (g) 1.7 Zinc (mg) 0 Isoleucine 422
Carbohydrate (g) 13.4 Oxalic Acid (mg) 101 Leucine 623
Fiber (g) 0.9 Vitamin A (mg) 6.8 Lysine 288
Calcium (mg) 440 Vitamin B (mg) 423 Methionine 134
Copper (mg) 1.1 Vitamin B1 (mg) 0.21 Phenylalanine 429
Iron (mg) 7 Vitamin B2 (mg) 0.05 Threonine 328
Potassium (mg) 259 Vitamin B3 (mg) 0.8 Tryptophan 127
Magnesium (mg) 24 Vitamin C (mg) 220
Phosphorus (mg) 70 Vitamin E (mg) 0

Green tea extract: yeast and sugar together (1:1) w/w in warm
water (38 ℃) and let it stand for two hours
The aqueous extract is prepared in ratio
before spraying to enhance yeast activity
1:10 with the consideration of the absorption
(Skoog and Miller, 1957). Chemical analysis
coefficient of green tea leaves. Technology
of the dry yeast is presented in Table (5).
of preparation – 5 g of tea leaves of diameter
lower than 5 mm are poured with 60 ml of Licorice roots extract:
boiling water. Time is given for the Preparation of licorice extract soaked
extraction to cool down and the quality of grinded dry licorice roots (5 g) in distilled
these extracts has been evaluated after 10, 20 water (1 liter) for 24 hours and then filtered
and 30 min according to Armoskaite et al. using filter paper. The active components in
(2011). licorice roots extract contains of volatile oils,
Active dry yeast: tannins, carbohydrates, saponins, phenols,
glycosides, flavonoids and fixed oils. The
The dry matter of active dry yeast
elements analysis in licorice roots extract
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae), was 95 % and
contains of K, Ca, Fe, P, Mg, SO4, N, Na,
live cells were 11.6×109/g. The yeast
Mn, Zn and Co. Abd El-Azim et al. (2016).
suspension was prepared by dissolving dry

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 M.A.H. Abdou et al.

Table 5. Chemical composition of the used active dry yeast.

Component Value Component Value Component Value
Cu (mg/g) 8.0 Fe (mg/g) 0.02 Niacin 300-500 mg/g
Se (mg/g) 0.1 Mg (mg/g) 1.65 Pyrodoxin 28.0 mg/g
Mn (mg/g) 0.02 K (mg/g) 21.0 Pantathenate 70.0 mg/g
Cr (mg/g) 2.2 P (mg/g) 13.50 Bioton 1.3 mg/g
Ni (mg/g) 3.0 S (mg/g) 3.90 Cholin 40.0 mg/g
Va (mg/g) 0.04 Zn (mg/g) 0.17 Folic acid 5.13 mg/g
Mo (mg/g) 0.4 Si (mg/g) 0.03 Vit B12 0.001 mg/g
Sn (mg/g) 3.0 Proteins 47% Thiamine 60-100 ml/g
Li (mg/g) 0.17 Carbohydrates 33.0% Riboflavin 35-50 ml/g
Na (mg/g) 0.12 Minerals 8.0% Lipids 4.0%
Ca (mg/g) 0.75 Nucleic acids 8.0%

The elements of licorice analysis roots 1. Vegetative growth characters just before
extract listed in Table (6). flowering: leaf length (cm), number of
leaves/plant and dry weight of leaves
Seaweeds extract:
(g/plant).
Algeser product contains seaweed
extract from (Shoura Chemicals Company, 2. Flowering characters: spike length (cm),
Cairo Alex Desert RD., Giza Governorate). number of florets/spike and lower floret
The chemical properties of the seaweeds diameter (cm).
extract shown in Table (7). All of the obtained data were subjected
to the statistical analysis of variance using
Agricultural practices were performed as
usual, in the region. The following data were MSTAT-C (1986). L.S.D. test at 0.05 was
used to compare the average means of
recorded:
treatments.

Table 6. The elements of licorice analysis roots extract.

Elements K+1 Ca +2 Fe+3 P-3 Mg+2 SO4-2 N-3 Na+1 Mn+2 Zn+2 Co+2
ppm 1230 500 1400 520 5 900 16500 700 1700 35000 0.07

Table 7. The chemical properties of the seaweeds extract.

Character Values Character Values Character Values
Moisture % 6.0 K% 1.0-1.2 Cu ppm 1.0-6.0
Organic matter % 45-60 Mg % 0.5-0.9 Mn ppm 5-12
Inorganic matter % 45-60 P% 0.02-0.09 Zn ppm 10-100
Protein % 6-8 S% 3-9 Cytokinins % 0.02
Carbohydrate % 35-50 Ca % 0.2-1.5 IAA % 0.03
Aliginic acid % 10-20 B ppm 20-100 ABA % 0.01
Mannitol % 4-7 Mo ppm 1-5
Total N % 1.0-1.5 Fe ppm 50-200

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION leaves dry weight/plant of gladiolus were

significantly increased in both seasons due to
Vegetative growth characters: the use of compost at 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 ton/fed
Data presented in Table (8) showed that in comparison with control. The highest
leaf length, number of leaves/plant and values were obtained from compost at high

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Table 8. Effect of compost and natural stimulants, as well as, their combination
treatments on vegetative growth [leaf length (cm), number of leaves/plant &
leaves dry weight/plant (g)] of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Peter Pears plants
during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons.

Compost levels (ton/fed) (A)

st
Natural stimulants 1 season (2014/2015) 2nd season (2015/2016)
treatments (B) Mean Mean
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5
(B) (B)
Leaf length (cm)
Control 37.25 42.05 49.10 51.24 44.91 38.35 43.16 50.21 52.35 46.02
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 46.40 50.03 54.03 56.41 51.72 47.04 51.24 55.24 57.61 52.78
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 48.30 50.13 54.18 56.32 52.23 49.50 51.43 55.49 57.61 53.51
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 48.36 52.24 56.22 59.11 53.98 49.57 53.52 57.51 60.20 55.20
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 50.10 55.11 57.14 63.44 56.45 51.40 56.32 58.43 64.74 57.72
Active yeast 5 g/l 51.20 55.52 59.08 64.30 57.53 52.49 56.81 60.37 65.59 58.82
3
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm /l 51.82 55.03 59.11 64.88 57.71 53.13 56.34 60.42 66.19 59.02
Mean (A) 47.63 51.44 55.55 59.39 48.78 52.69 56.81 60.61
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 3.43 B: 6.12 AB: 12.24 A: 3.30 B: 6.04 AB: 12.08
Number of leaves/plant
Control 6.75 7.33 8.60 9.24 7.98 7.65 8.24 9.62 10.18 8.92
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 8.41 8.49 9.01 9.47 8.85 9.37 9.45 10.10 10.46 9.85
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 8.44 8.94 8.97 9.95 9.08 9.52 9.90 10.06 10.95 10.11
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 8.72 9.05 9.63 9.99 9.35 9.69 10.02 10.14 11.00 10.21
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 9.00 9.81 9.54 10.11 9.62 9.98 10.79 10.65 11.03 10.61
Active yeast 5 g/l 10.24 10.54 10.86 11.71 10.84 11.22 11.52 11.99 12.73 11.87
3
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm /l 10.66 10.92 10.96 11.87 11.10 11.65 11.93 12.10 12.91 12.15
Mean (A) 8.89 9.30 9.65 10.33 9.87 10.26 10.67 11.32
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 0.38 B: 0.80 AB: 1.60 A: 0.35 B: 0.86 AB: 1.72
Leaves dry weight/plant (g)
Control 3.00 3.66 4.63 5.01 4.08 3.22 4.16 5.15 5.50 4.51
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 3.44 3.99 4.62 4.96 4.25 3.94 4.50 5.19 5.57 4.80
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 3.42 4.07 4.70 5.10 4.32 3.92 4.60 5.28 5.64 4.86
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 3.57 4.40 4.98 5.38 4.58 4.07 4.93 5.54 5.97 5.13
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 3.76 4.43 4.94 5.45 4.65 4.26 4.96 5.53 5.95 5.18
Active yeast 5 g/l 3.78 4.81 5.06 5.64 4.82 4.21 5.25 5.56 6.05 5.27
3
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm /l 3.82 4.91 5.10 5.81 4.91 4.23 5.35 5.57 6.24 5.35
Mean (A) 3.54 4.32 4.86 5.34 3.98 4.82 5.40 5.85
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 0.45 B: 0.15 AB: 0.30 A: 0.42 B: 0.25 AB: 0.50

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 M.A.H. Abdou et al.

level (7.5 ton/fed). The increase of modification of the pH value of soil solution
vegetative growth resulting from using towards acidity medium (Subba Rao, 1984).
compost as organic fertilization treatments The interaction between the two factors
might be due to the fact that organic matter was significant in the two seasons for leaf
is considered as an important factor for length, leaf number and leaves dry weight.
improving physical, chemical and biological The maximum leaf length, number of
properties of the soil and consequently, leaves/plant and leaves dry weight/plant,
increased plant growth (Maynard, 1991). were obtained due to supplying the soil with
Similar results were obtained by Ahmed 7.5 ton/fed compost in combination with
(2013), Pandey et al. (2013), Khalil (2015), seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l followed by
Sankari et al. (2015), Hassan (2016) and active dry yeast at 5 g/l.
Khanam et al. (2017) on gladiolus.
Flowering parameters:
Data presented in Table (8) indicated
that, leaf length, number of leaves/plant and Data presented in Table (9) show that all
leaves dry weight were significantly compost level treatments caused significant
increased, in both seasons, due to the use of increase in length of spike, number of
the six treatments of natural stimulants florets/spike and lower floret diameter, in the
(green tea extract at 5g/l, moringa leaves two seasons, in comparison with that of
extract at 300 mg/l, garlic extract at 300 untreated plants. The flowering parameters
mg/l, licorice roots extract at 5 g/l, active dry were gradually increased due to the increase
yeast at 5 g/l and seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l) in the levels of compost fertilizer.
in comparison with untreated control. These results are in close agreement with
Seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l or active dry those obtained by Khan et al. (2002);
yeast at 5 g/l seemed to be more effective Dongardive et al. (2007); Ahmed et al.
than either natural stimulants. (2013), Pandey et al. (2013), Pradeep et al.
The role of seaweeds extracts in (2014), Pereira et al. (2016) and Abdel-Mola
promoting vegetative growth might be (2017) on gladiolus.
attributed to the presence of phyto-hormones A possible explanation to the positive
such as auxins and cytokinns. Seaweed effect of compost fertilizer treatments might
extracts also stimulated mineral nutrient be attributed to its simulative effect on the
uptake in plants with increased accumulation different vegetative growth traits (Table, 8).
of both macro and micro-nutrients (Crouch Better vegetative growth is directly reflected
and Van Staden, 1992). In regard to the on various flowering aspects.
active dry yeast, its positive effects could be Regarding natural stimulants (green tea
attributed to its active role in the hydrolysis extract at 5 g/l, moringa leaves extract at 300
of pectic substances. It is known that mg/l, garlic extract at 300 mg/l, licorice roots
vitamins, enzymes and coenzymes are extract at 5 g/l, active dry yeast at 5g/l and
important components of the yeast. Also, seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l) data presented in
yeast increases the release of carbon dioxide Table (9) revealed that all six used
through fermentation process which treatments significantly increased length of
effectively activates photosynthesis and spike, number of florets/spike and lower
accelerates biosynthesis of carbohydrates florets diameter compared with untreated
and proteins. Moreover, it increases the plants. The highest values were obtained due
synthesis of plant growth promoters to the treatments of active dry yeast at 5 g/l
especially GA3, IAA and cytokinins which followed by seaweeds extract at 3 cm3/l
led to improve in cell division and cell without significant differences except in case
enlargement (Moore, 1979). In addition, of lower florets diameter.
yeast contains different nutrients, amino These findings were similar to those
acids and vitamins which promote the uptake obtained by Ahmed (2013), Alma,thedee and
of different nutrient elements through the Bairam (2014), Hassan (2016) and Abdou

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Table 9. Effect of compost and natural stimulants, as well as, their combination
treatments on flowering aspects [spike length (cm), number of florets/spike &
lower floret diameter (cm)] of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. Peter Pears plants
during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons.

Compost levels (ton/fed) (A)

st
Natural stimulants 1 season (2014/2015) 2nd season (2015/2016)
treatments (B) Mean Mean
0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5 0.0 2.5 5.0 7.5
(B) (B)
Spike length (cm)
Control 51.08 53.34 55.21 60.03 54.92 52.100 54.54 56.51 61.33 56.12
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 53.09 61.31 61.88 66.34 60.66 54.69 63.01 63.88 68.44 62.51
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 55.23 60.44 63.61 67.22 61.63 56.73 62.64 66.01 69.52 63.73
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 61.81 64.25 66.14 69.50 65.43 63.51 66.55 68.94 72.30 67.83
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 66.15 68.04 68.15 72.31 68.66 68.55 71.94 72.75 80.01 73.31
Active yeast 5 g/l 69.03 70.36 71.13 73.66 71.05 72.53 75.36 78.03 81.04 76.74
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm3/l 68.24 69.13 70.00 73.52 70.22 71.54 74.03 76.80 80.71 75.77
Mean (A) 60.66 63.84 65.16 68.94 62.81 66.87 68.99 73.34
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 1.24 B: 5.08 AB: 10.16 A: 2.08 B: 5.94 AB: 11.88
Number of florets/spike
Control 7.00 8.33 9.00 9.67 8.50 8.00 9.33 10.00 10.67 9.50
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 7.67 8.67 10.00 10.00 9.09 8.67 9.67 11.00 11.00 10.09
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 8.00 9.00 10.00 10.67 9.42 9.00 10.00 11.00 11.67 10.42
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 8.33 9.00 10.33 10.67 9.58 9.33 10.00 11.33 11.67 10.58
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 8.67 9.33 10.67 11.00 9.92 9.67 10.33 11.67 12.00 10.92
Active yeast 5 g/l 9.67 10.33 11.00 12.33 10.83 10.67 11.33 12.00 13.00 11.75
3
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm /l 9.00 10.00 10.67 11.67 10.34 10.00 10.67 11.67 12.67 11.25
Mean (A) 8.33 9.24 10.24 10.86 9.33 10.19 11.24 11.81
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 0.61 B: 0.51 AB: 1.02 A: 0.56 B: 0.52 AB: 1.04
Lower floret diameter (cm)
Control 6.54 7.82 7.89 7.94 7.55 6.81 7.86 7.92 7.99 7.65
Green tea extr. 5 g/l 7.03 7.93 8.03 8.15 7.79 7.12 8.07 8.15 8.27 7.90
Moringa extr. 300 mg/l 7.18 7.97 8.14 8.33 7.91 7.25 8.14 8.28 8.45 8.03
Garlic extr. 300 mg/l 7.24 8.13 8.41 8.49 8.07 7.31 8.31 8.55 8.63 8.20
Licorice extr. 5 g/l 7.95 8.20 8.73 8.81 8.42 8.02 8.39 8.88 9.01 8.58
Active yeast 5 g/l 8.23 8.72 9.13 9.29 8.84 8.28 8.90 9.22 9.44 8.96
Seaweeds extr. 3 cm3/l 7.98 8.21 8.94 9.04 8.54 8.04 8.47 9.05 9.16 8.68
Mean (A) 7.45 8.14 8.47 8.58 7.55 8.31 8.58 8.71
L.S.D. at 5 % A: 0.64 B: 0.20 AB: 0.40 A: 0.68 B: 0.22 AB: 0.44

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‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻮﺳﺖ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ .۱ :‬اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺰھﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺠﻼدﯾﻮﻟﺲ ﺟﺮاﻧﺪﻓﻠﻮرس ﺻﻨﻒ ﺑﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺮس‬
‫*‬
‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﮭﺎدي ﺣﺴﻦ ﻋﺒﺪه*‪ ،‬ﻓﺎروق ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺑﺪران*‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎد اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﯿﻖ أﺣﻤﺪ*‪ ،‬رﺟﺎء ﻋﻠﻲ طﮫ‬
‫**‬
‫و ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﻋﺒﺪه ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻮﻟﻰ‬

‫* ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺴﺎﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬

‫** ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﺒﺴﺎﺗﯿﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻨﻲ ﺳﻮﯾﻒ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻢ إﺟﺮاء ﺗﺠﺮﺑﺘﺎن ﺣﻘﻠﯿﺘﺎن ﺧﻼل ﻣﻮﺳﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﯿﻦ ھﻤﺎ ‪ ۲۰۱٥/۲۰۱٤‬و‪ ۲۰۱٦/۲۰۱٥‬ﻓﻲ ﻣﺸﺘﻞ وﻣﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺰﯾﻨﺔ ﺑﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻟﺪراﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﺪ اﻟﻌﻀﻮي ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻮﺳﺖ وﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ )ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺎى اﻻﺧﻀﺮ‪ ٥‬ﺟﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اوراق اﻟﻤﻮرﯾﻨﺠﺎ ‪ ۳۰۰‬ﻣﺠﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻠﺺ اﻟﺜﻮم ‪ ۳۰۰‬ﻣﺠﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﺟﺬور‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﻗﺴﻮس ‪ ٥‬ﺟﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪ ،‬اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺮة اﻟﺠﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ‪٥‬ﺟﻢ‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻻﻋﺸﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ ‪۳‬ﺳﻢ‪/۳‬ﻟﺘﺮ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪاﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺰھﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻼدﯾﻮﻟﺲ ﺟﺮاﻧﺪﻓﻠﻮرس ﺻﻨﻒ ﺑﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺮس‪.‬‬
‫أظﮭﺮت اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ أن ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي )طﻮل اﻟﻮرﻗﺔ وﻋﺪد اﻷوراق ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت واﻟﻮزن اﻟﺠﺎف ﻟﻸوراق( وﺻﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺘﺰھﯿﺮ)طﻮل اﻟﺸﻤﺮاخ اﻟﺰھﺮي وﻋﺪد اﻟﺰھﯿﺮات ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﻤﺮاخ اﻟﺰھﺮي و ﻗﻄﺮ اﺳﻔﻞ زھﯿﺮة( ازداد ﺗﺪرﯾﺠﯿﺎ ً ﺑﺰﯾﺎدة ﻣﺴﺘﻮي‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻤﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻮﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ زﯾﺎدة ﻣﻌﻨﻮﯾﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻄﺎت اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي وﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺰھﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺘﺮول‪ .‬ووﺟﺪ أن اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻣﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻷﻋﺸﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪ ۳‬ﺳﻢ‪/۳‬ﻟﺘﺮ أواﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺮة اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪ ٥‬ﺟﺮام‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن أﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﺒﺎﻗﻲ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت‪.‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﺔ ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ‪ ۷,٥‬طﻦ‪/‬ﻓﺪان ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﻊ رش اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﺑﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺺ اﻷﻋﺸﺎب اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪۳‬‬
‫ﺳﻢ‪/۳‬ﻟﺘﺮ أو اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺨﻤﯿﺮة اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ ‪ ٥‬ﺟﺮام‪/‬ﻟﺘﺮ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺨﻀﺮي واﻟﺼﻔﺎت اﻟﺰھﺮﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﺒﺎت اﻟﺠﻼدﯾﻮﻟﺲ‬
‫ﺟﺮاﻧﺪﻓﻠﻮرس ﺻﻨﻒ ﺑﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﯿﺮس‪.‬‬

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