ANALYTIC GEOMETRY 2

by
Engr. Jin Benir Macaranas

* 1
 CONIC SECTION
A conic section is the
locus of a point which
moves in such a way that
the RATIO of its distance
from a fixed point (focus)
and a fixed line (directrix)
is CONSTANT.
 HYPERBOLA
CONICS
D d PARABOLA
I
R d
E f f
C ELLIPSE
T FOCUS
R
I
X

Ax2 + Bxy + Cy2 + Dx+ Ey + F=0

 CONICS
4 ways of determining a conics:

➊ By Cutting Plane
➋ By Eccentricity
➌ By Equation
By Discriminant
By cutting plane:
By Eccentricity:
CEPH
0 1
CIRCLE : e=0

ELLIPSE : e<1

PARABOLA : e=1

HYPERBOLA : e>1

ADECEA
By Equation:
From General Equation of Second
Degree:
0

➊ ELLIPSE :
➋ PARABOLA :
➌ HYPERBOLA :
➍ CIRCLE :
By Discriminant :
From General Equation of Second Degree:

Let :
➊ ELLIPSE :
➋ PARABOLA :
➌ HYPERBOLA :
➍ CIRCLE :
SAMPLE PROBLEM 1
Which of the following is
represented by the equation
2xy – x + y – 3 = 0.

A. straight line
B. hyperbola
C. ellipse
D. parabola
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2
What conic section is
represented by the equation :
x2 + 4y2 + 4xy + 2x – 10 = 0

A. Ellipse
B. Parabola
C. Hyperbola
D. Circle
SAMPLE PROBLEM 3
Identify the graph of the
equation :
x +y +3x-2y+4=0.
2 2

A. Circle
B. Point
C. Ellipse
D. No graph
 CIRCLE
A circle is a plane figure obtained as a
locus of a point whose distance from
a fixed point called the center is
constant.
x,y

h,k
 CIRCLE
Standard Equation:
General Equation:
Center at the Origin:

Or:
Center at (h,k):
 CIRCLE
coordinate of the center:
From:

Radius of the Circle:

equation of the circle given ends of
diameter:

Equation:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 4
Determine the circumference
of a circle whose equation is
x2 + y2 + 6x – 8y + 16 = 0.

A. 6pi
B. 5pi
C. 8pi
D. 4pi
SAMPLE PROBLEM 5
Find the equation of the
circle circumscribing a
triangle whose vertices are
at (0,0), (0,5) and (3,3).

A. x2 + y2 + x – 5y = 0
B. x2 + y2 + x – 7y = 0
C. x2 + y2 – x + 7y = 0
D. x2 + y2 – x – 5y = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEM 6
Find the equation of the
circle tangent to the line
3x + 4y = 15 and the
center is at (-3,-4).
A. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 4
B. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 16
C. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 25
D. (x + 3)2 + (y + 4)2 = 64
SAMPLE PROBLEM 7
Determine the value of k so
that x2+y2-8x+10y+k=0 is the
equation of circle of radius
7.
A. 8 C. -4
B. -8 D. 6
SAMPLE PROBLEM 8
Find the shortest distance
from A(3,8) to the circle x2
+ y2 + 4x – 6y = 12.

A. 4.1 C.
2.07
B. 1.82 D.
3.21
PARABOLA : e = 1
Is the locus of a point which
moves so that it is always
equidistant from a fixed point
called focus and a fixed line
called directrix.
PARABOLA
General Equations:
➊ Axis Vertical:
L
A
2a T
U
S
Directrix a a F R

➋Axis Horizontal:
E
f C
d 2a T
U
M
Standard Equations :
➊ Axis Vertical : Vertex (h,k)

➋ Axis Horizontal: Vertex (h,k)

Focal Distance (a):
➊ Axis Vertical:
x2 + dx + ey + f = 0 a
a

➋ Axis Horizontal:

y2 + dx + ey + f = 0 a a
SAMPLE PROBLEM 9
Find the equation of the
parabola with vertex at (5,-
2) and focus at (5,-4).

A. x2 – 12x + 10y + 40 = 0
B. x2 – 8x + 4y + 36 = 0
C. x2 – 5x + 6y + 45 = 0
D. x2 – 10x + 8y + 41 = 0
SAMPLE PROBLEM 10
Compute the focal length and
the length of latus rectum of
parabola y2 + 8x – 6y + 25 =
0
A. 2 & 8
C. 3 & 9
B. 1& 4
D. 3 & 12
SAMPLE PROBLEM 11

A cable suspended from supports

that are the same height and 600
feet apart has sag of 100 feet. If the
cable hangs in the form of a
parabola, find its equation.
A. y^2=900x C. x^2=400y
B. y^2=400x D. x^2=900y
ELLIPSE: e < 1
Is the locus of a point which
moves so that the sum of its
distance from two fixed points
(foci) is constant and is equal
to the length of the major axis.
 y-axis
y-axis
a
b
F F x-axis
F c b
c F x-axis
a c=ea c=ea
directrix directrix
directri a=de a=de directri
x x
d=a/e d=a/e
General Equations

Standard Equations: Center at (h,k)

MAJOR AXIS

Note: a always >b

Coordinate of the Center: C(h,k)

Example:

Find the center of the ellipse

9x2+25y2+18x-100y-116=0
Length of a & b :

Find the length of the semi-minor axis

and the semi-major axis of the ellipse
9x2+25y2+18x-100y-116=0
Length of Latus Rectum (LR) :

LR

Focal Distance (c) :

c c

* 46
Eccentricity (e)
:
Distance from center to Directrix (d) :
g
f

adecea d=a/e d=a/e

 SAMPLE PROBLEM 12
An ellipse has its vertices at (-2,-3) and
(8,-3). If one end of the minor axis is at
(3,-7), how far is the nearest focus to the
left of the directrix.

A. 7.42 C. 4.28
B. 3.21 D. 5.33

* 48
SAMPLE PROBLEM 13
Given the equation:
9x2 + 4y2 – 24y – 72x + 144 =
0
a. Determine the eccentricity of
the curve.
b. Find the area enclosed by
the curve

e=0.745
A=6π
HYPERBOLA : e > 1
Is the locus of a point which
moves so that the difference of
the distances from two fixed
points (foci) is constant and is
equal to the length of the
transverse axis.
 y-axis
directrix directrix

F b F
a x-axis

d d
Transverse Axis
a a
c c
General Equations:
➊ Transverse Axis Horizontal

➋ Transverse Axis Vertical

Standard Equations:
Center at (h,k)

➊ Transverse Axis Horizontal

➋ Transverse Axis Vertical

coordinate of the
center, (h,k):
 Length of a and b:

➊ Transverse Axis Horizontal

➋ Transverse Axis Vertical

Length of Latus Rectum, (LR):

Eccentricity, (e):
Distance from center to Directrix, (d):

Relationship among a, b, and c:

Equation of Asymptote:
SAMPLE PROBLEM 14
From the given equation of
the hyperbola 16y2 – 9x2 +
36x + 96y – 36 = 0. Find the
center of the hyperbola.

A. 1, -2
B. 2,-3
C. 3, -4
D. 3, -2
SAMPLE PROBLEM 15
Find the eccentricity of the
hyperbola whose equation is 16x2
– 9y2 – 128x – 90y – 113 = 0.

A. 2.56 C. 0.89
B. 1.67 D. 0.57
SAMPLE PROBLEM 16
Find the equation of the
asymptotes for a hyperbola:
(y – 5)2 – (x + 5)2 = 36.

A. y – 5 = ±(x + 5) C. y – 4 = ±(x – 4)
B. y = ± x D. y – 5 = ±(x – 5)
 SAMPLE PROBLEM 17
How far from the x-axis is the
focus (F) of the hyperbola x2 – 2y2
+ 4x + 4y + 4 = 0.

A. 2.14 C. 2.73
B. 2.51 D. 2.36

* 67
68
POLAR COORDINATES
polar coordinate system is a two-
dimensionalpolar coordinate system is a two-
dimensional coordinate systempolar
coordinate system is a two-
dimensional coordinate system in which
each pointpolar coordinate system is a two-
dimensional coordinate system in which
each point on a planepolar coordinate
system is(r,θ)
a two-dimensional coordinate
y=rsinθ
system in which each point on a plane is
r y by anx=rcosθ
determined anglepolar coordinate
system
θ is a two-dimensional
r=sqrt. (x2+ycoordinate
2)
system
x in which each point on a plane is
determined by an angle and a distance.
SAMPLE PROBLEM 18
Change the equation (x2 +
y2)3 = 4x2y2 to polar
coordinates.
A. r = Sin 2θ
B. r = 2 Sin θ
C. r = 2 Cos 2θ
D. r = Cos 2θ
71
SAMPLE PROBLEM 19
Determine the length of the
latus rectum of the curve r
cos2 θ – 4 cos θ = 16 sin θ.

A. 8 C. 16
B 12 D. 6
SAMPLE PROBLEM 20
Find the area of the triangle
whose vertices have polar
coordinates of (0,0o), (6,20o)
and (8,50o).

A. 12 C. 8
B. 14 D. 10
SAMPLE PROBLEM 21
Given the equation of the curve:
r2(4sin2 θ + 9cos2 θ) = 36
a. Find the area enclosed by the
curve
b. Determine the length of its
latus rectum

A=6π sq. u. LR = 8/3