Geometry Ex 4.

1
Question 1.
In the figure, AB is parallel to CD, find x

Solution:
(i) From the figure
∠1 = 140° (∴ corresponding angles are equal)
∠2 = 40° (∴ ∠1 + ∠2= 180°)
∠3 = 30° (∵ ∠3 + 150= 180°)
∠4 = 110° (∵ ∠2 + ∠3 + ∠4 = 180°)
∴ ∠x = 70° (∵ ∠4 + ∠x = 180°)

(ii) From the figure

∠1 = 48°
∠3 = 108° (∠1 +24° + ∠3 = 180°)
∠4 = 108° (If two lines are intersect, then the vertically the opposite
angles are equal)
∠5 = 72° (∵ ∠3 + ∠5 = 180°)
∴ ∠3 + ∠4 + ∠5 = 108° + 108° + 72°
x = 288°

(iii) From the figure

∠D = 53° ( ∵ ∠B and ∠D are alternate interior angles)
Sum of the three angles of a triangle is 180°
∠x° = 180°- (38°+ 53°)
= 180°- 91° = 89°

Question 2.
The angles of a triangle are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3, find the measure of
each angle of the triangle.
Solution:
Let the angles be x, 2x and 3x respectively.
Sum of the three angles of a triangle = 180°

The 3 angles of the triangle are 30°, 60°, 90°.

Question 3.
Consider the given pairs of triangles and say whether each pair is that
of congruent triangles. If the triangles are congruent, say ‘how’; if they
are not congruent say ‘why’ and also say if a small modification would
make them congruent:

Solution:
(i) Consider ∆PQR and ∆ABC
Given, RQ = BC
PQ = AB
∆ABC is not congruent to ∆PQR
If PR = AC, then ∆ABC ≅ ∆PQR

(ii) Consider ∆ABD and ∆BCD for the triangles to be congruent.

Given, AB = DC
AD = BC and AB is common side.
∴ By SSS rule ∆ABD ≅ ∆BCD.

(iii) Consider ∆PXY and ∆PXz,

Given, XY = XZ
PY = PZ and PX is common
∴ By SSS rule ∆PXY ≅ ∆PXZ.

(iv) Consider ∆OAB and ∆ODC,

Given, OA = OC

∠ABO = ∠ODC and ∠AOB = ∠DOC (vertically opposite angles)

∴ By AAS rule, AOAB = AODC.

(v) Consider ∆AOB and ∆DOC,

Given, AO = OC
OB = OD

and ∠AOB = ∠DOC [vertically opposite angles]

∴ By SAS rule, ∆AOB = ∆DOC.
(vi) Consider ∆AMB and ∆AMC,
Given, AB = AC

∠AMB = ∠AMC = 90°

∴ AM is common.
∴ By RHS rule
∆AMB ≅ ∆AMC.

Question 4.
∆ABC and ∆DEF are two triangles in which AB = DF, ∠ACB = 70°,
∠ABC = 60°; ∠DEF = 70° and ∠EDF = 60°. Prove that the triangles are
congruent.
Solution:
∴ By ASA rule ∆ABC ≅ ∆FDE

Question 5.
Find all the three angles of the ∆ABC

Solution:
Exterior angle = Sum of the two opposite interior angles.

Geometry Ex 4.2
Question 1.
The angles of a quadrilateral are in the ratio 2 : 4 : 5 : 7. Find all the
angles.
Solution:
In a quadrilateral the angles add upto 360°.
Let’s call the angles 2x, 4x, 5x, 7x
2x + 4x + 5x + 7x = 360°
18x = 360°

A = 2x = 2 × 20° = 40°
B = 4x = 4 × 20° = 80°
C = 5x = 5 × 20° = 100°
D = 7x = 7 × 20° = 140°

Question 2.
In a quadrilateral ABCD, ∠A = 12° and ∠C is the supplementary of ∠A.
The other two angles are 2x – 10 and x + 4. Find the value of x and the
measure of all the angles.
Solution:
∠A = 72°
∠C = 180° – 72° (∵ Supplementary at ∠A) = 108°
The other two angles are 2x – 10 and x + 4.
2x – 10 + x + 4 + 108° + 12° = 360°

3x + 174° = 360°
3x = 360° – 174°

∴ ∠A = 72°
∠B = 2x – 10 = 2(62)- 10 = 124 – 10 = 114°
∠C = 108°
∠D = x + 4 = 62 + 4 = 66°

Question 3.
ABCD is a rectangle whose diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. If
∠OAB = 46°, find ∠OBC.
Solution:
∠ABC = 90°

∠OAB + ∠OBC = 90°

46° + ∠OAB = 90°
∠OBC = 90° – 46° = 44°

Question 4.
The lengths of the diagonals of a Rhombus are 12 cm and 16 cm. Find
the side of the rhombus.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a rhombus with AC and BD as its diagonals.
We know that the diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other at right
angles.
Let O be the intersecting point of both the diagonals
Let AC = 16 cm and BD = 12 cm

use Pythagoras theorem, we have

AB2 = OA2 + OB2
AB2 = 100
∴ AB = 10 cm

Question 5.
Show that the bisectors of angles of a parallelogram form a rectangle.
Solution:
Given ABCD is a parallelogram. Draw the angular bisectors AP, BP, CR
and DR of the angles ∠A, ∠B, ∠C and ∠D respectively.
Now to prove : PQRS is a rectangle.
Proof: A rectangle is a parallelogram with one angle 90°.
First we will prove PQRS is a parallelogram.
Now AB || CD and AD is transversal. [ ∴ Interior angles on the same
side of transversal are supplementary]
[Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel]
Also lines AP and DR intersects
So ∠PSR = ∠DS A
∴ ∠PSR = 90° [∵ Vertically opposite angles]
Similarly we can prove that ∠SPQ = 90°, ∠PQR = 90° and ∠SRQ = 90°
∴ ∠PSR = ∠PQR and ∠SPQ = ∠SRQ
∴ Both pair of opposite angles of PQRS is a parallelogram.
Also ∠PSR = ∠PQR = ∠SPQ = ∠SRQ = 90°
∴ PQRS is a parallelogram with one angle 90°.
∴ PQRS is a rectangle. Hence proved.

Question 6.
If a triangle and a parallelogram lie on the same base and between the
same parallels, then prove that the area of the triangle is equal to half
of the area of parallelogram.
Solution:
Given: ∆ABE and parallelogram ABCD have the same base and are
between the same parallel lines (i.e) l1 || l2.

Perpendicular distance between l1 and l2 = P (say).

Prove that: area of (∆ABE) = 12 × area of the parallelogram ABCD
Proof: Area of ∆ABE = 12 × base × height
= 12 × AB × (Perpendicular distance between l1
= 12 × AB × P ….(1)
Area of parallelogram ABCD = base × height.
∴ Area of parallelogram ABCD = AB × P …. (2)
From (1) and (2),
Area of ∆ABE = 12 × Area of parallelogram ABCD.
Hence proved.

Question 7.
Iron rods a, b, c, d, e, and f are making a design in a bridge as shown
in the figure. If a || b, c || d, e || f, find the marked angles between
(i) b and c
(ii) d and e
(iii) d and f
(iv) c and f.

Solution:
Since l, m are two parallel lines and PQ, RS, TU, VW are transversal.
Then ∠1 = ∠QOR [vertically opposite angles]
∠1 = 30° [∴ ∠QOR = 30°]
Also, PQ and TU are parallel and m and l are transversal.

Also ∠3 + ∠4 = 180°
⇒ 75° + ∠4 = 180°
∠4 = 180° – 75° = 105°
Hence,
(i) 30°
(ii) 105°
(iii) 75°
(iv) 105°

Question 8.
In the given figure ∠A = 64° , ∠ABC = 58°. If BO and CO are the
bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠ACB respectively of ∆ABC, find x° and y°.
Solution:
In ∆ABC, ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 64° + 58° + ∠C = 180°
⇒ 122°+ ∠C = 180°
⇒ ∠C = 180°- 122° = 58°

Also BO and CO are the bisectors of ∠ABC and ∠ACB respectively

Question 9.
In the given Fig. if AB = 2, BC = 6, AE = 6, BF = 8, CE = 7, and CF = 7,
compute the ratio of the area of quadrilateral ABDE to the area of
ACDF.

Solution:
Given: AB = 2,
BC = 6,
AE = 6,
BF = 8,
CE = 7 and
CF = 7
Consider ∆AEC and ∆BCF,
In ∆AEC,
AC = 8,
AE = 6,
CE = 7
In ∆BCF,
BF = 8,
BC = 6,
CF = 7
∴ ∆AEC ≅ ∆BCF
∴ Area of ∆AEC = Area of ∆BCF
Subtract.area of ∆BDC both sides, we get
Area of ∆AEC – Area of ∆BDC = Area of ∆BCF – Area of ∆BDC
⇒ Area of quadrilateral ABDE = Area of ∆CDF
∴ The required ratio is 1 : 1

Question 10.
In the figure, ABCD is a rectangle and EFGH is a parallelogram. Using
the measurements given in the figure, what is the length d of the
segment that is perpendicular to HE¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ and FG¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ?
Solution:
Area of ABCD = length × breadth.
= DC × BC = 10 × 8 = 80.
Area of ∆AEH = Area of ∆CGF [since they are congruent by RHS rule]
Similarly, Area of ∆BEF = Area of ∆DGH
∴ Area of parallelogram = EFGH = Area of rectangle ABCD – 2(area of
∆AEH) – 2(area of ∆BEF)

Question 11.
In parallelogram ABCD of the accompanying diagram, line DP is drawn
bisecting BC at N and meeting AB (extended) at P. From vertex C, line
CQ is drawn bisecting side AD at M and meeting AB (extended) at Q.
Lines DP and CQ meet at O. Show that the area of triangle QPO
is 98 of the area of the parallelogram ABCD.
Solution:

Area of ∆QDP = Area of ∆QMA + Area of ∆MNO + Area of MNBS +

Area of ∆MAB
= Area of ∆DCM + Area of ∆MNO + Area of MNBA + Area of ∆NDC
= 2Area of ∆OMN + Area of ∆MNO + 4 Area of ∆OMN + 2 Area of
∆OMN

Geometry Ex 4.3
Question 1.
The diameter of the circle is 52 cm and the length of one of its chord
is 20 cm. Find the distance of the chord from the centre.
Solution:
The distance of the chord from the centre O
Question 2.
The chord of length 30 cm is drawn at the distance of 8cm from the
centre of the circle. Find the radius of the circle.
Solution:

Question 3.
Find the length of the chord AC where AB and CD are the two
diameters perpendicular to each other of a circle with radius 4 2–
√ cm and also find ∠OAC and ∠OCA.
Solution:
∆OAC is an isoceles triangle with one angle 90°
∴ ∠OAC + ∠OCA = 180° – 90°
2∠OAC = 90°
∠OAC = 45°
∴ ∠OCA = 45°

Question 4.
A chord is 12cm away from the centre of the circle of radius 15 cm.
Find the length of the chord.
Solution:

Question 5.
In a circle, AB and CD are two parallel chords with centre O and radius
10 cm such that AB = 16 cm and CD = 12 cm determine the distance
between the two chords?

Solution:
The distance between the two chord FE = OE + OF

∴ Distance between the chords is 14 cm

Question 6.
Two circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm intersect at two points and the
distance between their centres is 4 cm. Find the length of the common
chord.
Solution:

The length of the common chord AB = AD + BD = (3 + 3) cm = 6 cm

Question 7.
Find the value of x° in the following

Solution:
Question 8.
In the given figure, ∠CAB = 25°, find ∠BDC, ∠DBA and ∠COB
Solution:

Geometry Ex 4.4
Question 1.
Find the value of x in the given figure.

Solution:
In the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD
∠ABC = 180° – 120° = 60°
∠BCA = 90°
∴ x = ∠BAC = 180°- (90° + 60°) = 30°

Question 2.
In the given figure, AC is the diameter of the circle with centre O. If
∠ADE = 30°; ∠DAC = 35° and ∠CAB = 40°.
Find
(i) ∠ACD
(ii) ∠ACB
(iii) ∠DAE

Solution:
(i) ∠ACD = 180°- (90° + 35°) = 180°- 125° = 55°
(ii) ∠ACB = 180°- (90°+ 40°)= 180° – 130° = 50°
(iii) ∠ADC = 90°
∠CAE = 180° – 120° = 60°
∴ ∠DAE = 60°- 35° = 25°

Question 3.
Find all the angles of the given cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in the

Solution:
Question 4.
In the given figure, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral where diagonals
intersects at P such that ∠DBC = 40° and ∠BAC = 60° find
(i) ∠CAD
(ii) ∠BCD
Solution:

Question 5.
In the given figure, AB and CD are the parallel chords of a circle with
centre O. Such that AB = 8 cm and CD = 6 cm. If OM ⊥ AB and OL ⊥
CD distance between LM is 7 cm. Find the radius of the circle?

Solution:
In the figure LM = 7 cm

Question 6.
The arch of a bridge has dimensions as shown, where the arch
measure 2 m at its highest point and its width is 6 m. What is the
radius of the circle that contains the arch?
Solution:

Question 7.
In figure ∠ABC = 120°, where A,B and C are points on the circle with
centre O. Find ∠OAC ?

Solution:

Question 8.
A school wants to conduct tree plantation programme. For this a
teacher allotted a circle of radius 6 m ground to nineth standard
students for planting sapplings. Four students plant trees at the points
A, B, C and D as shown in figure. Here AB = 8 m, CD = 10 m and AB ⊥
CD. If another student places a flower pot at the point P, the
intersection of AB and CD, then find the distance from the centre to P.

Solution:

ONPM is a rectangle with all the angles 90° and with

length 20−−√ cm, breadth 11−−√ cm.

We need to find OP which is the diagonal of the rectangle ONPM.

Question 9.
In the given figure, ∠POQ = 100° and ∠PQR = 30°, then find ∠RPO.
Solution: