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    AEB101

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    evelynlinda370
    1. An organism lives within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Populations consist of the same species living together, communities include all populations in an area, and ecosystems include both living and nonliving interactions. 2. Within ecosystems, biotic factors refer to living things like organisms and abiotic factors refer to nonliving things like water and soil. Organisms occupy niches defined by their habitat, food sources, and other needs. 3. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs from producers like plants through various consumer levels until reaching decomposers, which break down waste and cycle nutrients. Populations are determined by factors of birth, death, immigration, emigration, and limiting resources.

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    AEB101

    Uploaded by

    evelynlinda370
    45 views3 pages
    1. An organism lives within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Populations consist of the same species living together, communities include all populations in an area, and ecosystems include both living and nonliving interactions. 2. Within ecosystems, biotic factors refer to living things like organisms and abiotic factors refer to nonliving things like water and soil. Organisms occupy niches defined by their habitat, food sources, and other needs. 3. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs from producers like plants through various consumer levels until reaching decomposers, which break down waste and cycle nutrients. Populations are determined by factors of birth, death, immigration, emigration, and limiting resources.

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    1. An organism lives within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Populations consist of the same species living together, communities include all populations in an area, and ecosystems include both living and nonliving interactions. 2. Within ecosystems, biotic factors refer to living things like organisms and abiotic factors refer to nonliving things like water and soil. Organisms occupy niches defined by their habitat, food sources, and other needs. 3. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs from producers like plants through various consumer levels until reaching decomposers, which break down waste and cycle nutrients. Populations are determined by factors of birth, death, immigration, emigration, and limiting resources.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    45 views3 pages

    AEB101

    Uploaded by

    evelynlinda370
    1. An organism lives within populations, communities, and ecosystems. Populations consist of the same species living together, communities include all populations in an area, and ecosystems include both living and nonliving interactions. 2. Within ecosystems, biotic factors refer to living things like organisms and abiotic factors refer to nonliving things like water and soil. Organisms occupy niches defined by their habitat, food sources, and other needs. 3. Energy flows through ecosystems in food chains and webs from producers like plants through various consumer levels until reaching decomposers, which break down waste and cycle nutrients. Populations are determined by factors of birth, death, immigration, emigration, and limiting resources.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    ORGANISM AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

    1. Organism - any living thing (ex: a trout, a frog or a bear)


    2. Population - group of organisms of same type of species that live together in same area. (ex: trout in a stream; redwoods in a forest;
    frogs in a pond).
    3. Community - living part of any ecosystem - all the different populations living together in an area. (ex: pond community: has lily
    pads, frogs, fish, insects, cat tails, etc)

    4. Ecosystems - all living and nonliving things in an area that Interact with one another – the community and the environment. (ex:
    forest, ocean, drop of water, solar system)
    a) Ecosystems can be as tiny as drop pond water or a garden and as large as ocean, forest, or planet – it’s size is defined by the
    person studying it.
    b) Ecosystems are not isolated; they overlap & affect one another. (ex: grizzly [forest] eats salmon [stream]; owl [mountains] eats
    hare [desert], etc.)

    5. Abiotic - the nonliving things in the ecosystem. (ex: dirt, water, rocks, air, temperature, humidity, etc)
    6. Biotic - the living things in the ecosystem. (ex: fish, frog, lily pad, cat tails, trees, whales, insects, etc)
    7. Habitat -place in which organism lives. It provides food, shelter, & other resources organisms need to survive. Organisms protect
    their habitat and fight with one another for the limited resources available.
    a) More than one species can share a habitat. (ex: coral reef, tropical rainforest, field, etc – Many different plants & animals live in
    each of these habitats)
    b) More than one species can share similar habitats and food. (ex: shark and dolphin live in the same habitat and eat similar food.)

    8. A niche includes everything the organism does and everything it needs in the environment - place to live, food, predators, other
    organisms around it, light, humidity, temperature, etc.)
    a) Organisms can have more than one name to their niche. (ex: lion is a predator, consumer, and a carnivore; a rabbit is a consumer,
    prey, herbivore, etc)
    b) Two species CAN NOT share the same niche. Over time, one species will die off because there will not be enough for it to survive.

    Energy Flow through the Ecosystem


    9. Food chains, food webs, & energy pyramids show the FLOW OF ENERGY, not what eats what. ARROWS POINT TO WHO

    GETS THE ENERGY.

    ODIBO, E. O. 1 AEB101 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY


    ORGANISM & ITS ENVIRONMENT
    10. Producer- makes its own energy through photosynthesis (ex: tree, grass, flower) – always at the beginning of all food chains, webs,
    & pyramids. PHOTOSYNTHESIS IS THE FOUNDATION or BASIS FOR ALL FOOD CHAINS, FOOD WEBS, and ENERGY PYRAMIDS.

    11. Consumer- must eat to get the energy it needs to survive (ex: cow, human, bat, mouse, lion, frog) – can’t make its own food through
    photosynthesis.

    12. Herbivore -type of consumer that only eats plants. (ex: cow, horse, rabbit, grasshopper, elephant)
    13. Omnivore- type of consumer that eats both plants and other animals. (ex: humans, bears, monkeys)
    14. Carnivore- type of consumer that only eats other animals. (ex: owl, lion, frog, wolf, eagle, blue shark)
    15. Decomposer- type of consumer that breaks down dead organisms and returns the nutrients to the soil. (ex: earthworm, ant,

    mushroom, bacteria) – always last in the food chains and webs because they return the nutrients to the producers completing the cycle.

    16. Scavenger- type of consumer that eats dead, dying, injured, old, young, and other easy prey. (ex: coyote, buzzards, hyenas)
    17. 1st order consumer/1st level consumer – first consumer in food chain, web, or pyramid – a herbivore.

    18. 2nd order consumer/2nd level consumer – second consumer in food chain, web, or pyramid – eats other animals – either an

    omnivore or carnivore.

    19. 3rd order consumer/3rd level consumer – third consumer in food chain, web, or pyramid – eats other animals – either an

    omnivore or carnivore.

    ODIBO, E. O. 2 AEB101 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY


    ORGANISM & ITS ENVIRONMENT
    Changes in a Population
    20. Populations will INCREASE when: more births than deaths, more immigration (moving in) then emigration (moving out), decrease

    in predators or competitors, increase in food or prey, increase in habitat or territory, decrease in hunting by humans, decrease in

    habitat destruction or pollution


    21. Populations will DECREASE when: more deaths than births, more emigration (moving out) then immigration (moving in), increase

    in predators or competitors, decrease in food or prey, decrease in habitat or territory, disease or natural disaster, increase in hunting
    by humans, increase in habitat destruction or pollution

    22. Limiting factors prevent population from growing beyond a certain point. (ex: amount of food/prey available, amount of

    habitat/territory, weather conditions – too cold / hot / wet / dry, predators, competitors, pollution, etc.

    23. Carrying capacity is the maximum amount of a population an environment can hold – when the population reaches this point

    there is no more food / space available and the population begins to starve. Population numbers cannot increase beyond this point
    and stay.

    Behaviors that Change a Population Size


    24. Predator- animal that hunts down, kills, & eats another animal for its energy. (ex: giant sea bass catching & eating a smaller fish;
    smaller fish hunting down and eating a sea urchin) – herbivores can’t be predators

    25. Prey- animal that is hunted down and eaten by another animal. (ex: the smaller fish that is eaten by the giant sea bass; the sea urchin
    that is eaten by the smaller fish) - producers can’t be prey

    26. Competitor- an organism that competes with another organism for a resource (food, water, shelter, etc) or mate - can be two

    organisms in the same species or in different species. (ex: two lions competing for a mate; a rabbit and mouse competing for the same
    shelter) – organisms at the same level in a food web or energy pyramid compete with each other.

    27. Symbiosis- close relationship between 2 different species of organisms where 1 organism lives near, on, or inside the other and at
    least 1 organism is helped.

    28. Commensalism – symbiosis where 1 organism is helped and the other isn’t helped or harmed – it couldn’t care less about that animal
    being there. Examples: osprey hawk and the wren (little bird) or the red-tailed hawk and the saguaro cactus.

    29. Mutualism- symbiosis where both organisms are helped – two different species. Examples: algae and coral, sea anemone and clown
    fish, blind person and seeing-eye dog.

    30. Parasitism- symbiosis where 1 organism is helped and the other is harmed. Examples: tick and dog, leech and human, tapeworm and
    dog.

    31. Cooperation- two or more organisms OF THE SAME SPECIES working together to get what’s needed. (ex: wolves hunt in a pack,
    bees taking care of the babies together)

    ODIBO, E. O. 3 AEB101 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL BIOLOGY


    ORGANISM & ITS ENVIRONMENT

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