200L FON PRESENTATION Group 1
200L FON PRESENTATION Group 1
200L FON PRESENTATION Group 1
ON
TOPIC:
CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION
CPR
OCTOBER, 2023.
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CONTENTS.
CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………….2
INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………….. 4
1. Definition of Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation………………………………….. ….5
2. Purpose of Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ………………………………………. 5
3. Indications for Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ……………………………………5
4. Contra-indications of Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ……………………………..5
5. Types of Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation …………………………………………..6
6. Techniques used in Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ……………………………….7
6.1) About the ABCs of CPR …………………………………………….........7
6.2) Assessing the level of consciousness of a casualty ……………………….8
6.3) General procedure of CPR …………………………………………..........8
6.4) General CPR for children including babies and infants ………………….9
7. Equipment for Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation ……………………………….........9
8. Complications of Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation …………………………………10
9. Nursing responsibilities during CPR ……………………………………………… 10
9.1) After care of patients ……………………………………………………..10
10. SUMMARY ………………………………………………………………………11
11. CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………11
12. REFERENCE ………………………………………………………………………12
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STANDARD CPR (Compressions with rescue breath): This involves performing CPR
using chest compression and rescue breaths. The compression speed is of at least 100
chest compressions per minute in a continual cycle of 30 rhythmic chest compression
before each 2 rescue breaths {general compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2}.
However, the compression-to-ventilation ratio varies depending on the number of rescuer
available. Compressions with rescue breath involve at least two trained rescuers. If one
rescuer is present, the ratio preferred is 30:2, but when two rescuers are present the
preferred ratio is 15:2. The rescue breath can be mouth-to-mouth rescue or using the
BAG VALVE MASK (BVM) commonly known as the Ambu bag.
PAEDIATRIC CPR- This technique is specially used for infants and children. This rate
of compression to rescue breaths is 15 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.
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2. BREATHING: After the airway comes the breathing. Signs of breathing are
checked for in the individual. The rescuer is expected to tilt the head of the
casualty back and look, listen and feel for breathing for 10 seconds.
3. CIRCULATION: For the circulation, the signs of a working circulation is
checked by assessing the carotid artery for at least 10 seconds. If there are none,
then begin compressions.
iv. Step 4- Open the Airway (Airway): Tilt the patient's head backward by slightly
lifting the chin with one hand and pushing down on the forehead with the other
hand. This process helps in opening up the airways.
v. Step 5- Check for Breathing (Breathing): carefully examine the patient by
trying to look or feel the breathing of the patient. This is done by LOOKING,
FEELING, and LISTENING for the breathing sounds.
LOOK: For chest movement or expansion.
FEEL: For the breath using your fingers. Place your fingers close to the
nostril of the casualty or use your cheek to feel the breath.
LISTEN: For breath sounds.
vi. Step 6- Begin Chest Compressions (Circulation): if the chest is in a gasping
condition or if not breathing then start chest compressions. Place the heel of one
hand on the top of the other and interlock the fingers. The elbow should be
straight and the shoulders should be positioned directly over the hands.
vii. Step 7- Compress the Chest: Push the chest hard at the rate of 100-120
compressions per minute. Depress the chest at least 2 inches with each
compression allowing the full chest to recoil in between these compressions.
viii. Step 8- Give Rescue Breaths: After 30 compressions, 2 resume breaths should
be provided. Maintain the open airway by tilting the head back and lifting the
chin. Pinch the nose of the patient, take a normal breath, and cover the mouth of
the patient with yours to create a seal. Give a breath that lasts for about one
second and wait for the chest to rise. Continue cycles of compressions and breaths
until professional help arrives.
maneuver first. Then give the second breath. Be careful not to provide too many
breaths or to breathe with too much force.
7) After the two breaths, immediately begin the next cycle of compressions and
breaths. Continue CPR until signs of life becomes present or medical personnel
arrive.
SUMMARY:
Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation is a procedure that combines rescue breathing and chest
compressions to temporarily pump enough blood to the brain until specialized treatment is
available. It is done on victims of cardiac arrest and respiratory failure. CPR involves the ABCs
technique that stands for “Airway, Breathing and Circulation”. When carrying out CPR, the
acronym DRSABC is used. However, the CPR performed on adult and children are similar but
with a bit differences. Several equipment is used for CPR and examples of such equipment
include; Oxygen mask and cylinder, epinephrine, suction machine e.t.c. CPR also has its
complications and the most common complication is the rib fracture.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the CPR is a lifesaving technique that is performed by healthcare
providers in many emergencies, including heart attack or near drowning in which a person’s
breathing or heartbeat has stopped. Simply put, CPR keep oxygen rich blood flowing to the brain
and other vital organs if the heart or lungs stop working on their own. CPR achieves this via
multiple mechanisms.
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REFERENCES:
❖ Crane Star Organization. (May 23, 2020). Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation.
❖ Mayo Clinic Organization. (August 17, 2019). Hands-Only CPR: American Heart
Association.
❖ I Clement. (October 22, 2018). Foundation of Nursing: CPR Procedure for
Nurses.
❖ Minnesota Department of Health sciences.(April 24,2020). CPR Procedure for
Children (Infants and Babies).
❖ World Health Organization.(October 4,2019). Resuscitation Council for Pediatrics
CPR Guidelines.