DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBYPARK, KOLKATA

SESSION: 2021-22
SUBJECT – SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY)
CLASS – 6
CHAPTER – 2: STUDY OF CHANGES
The world around us is always changing. Changes can take place in different ways. There can be
changes in shape, size, colour, position, volume, temperature, state, etc. In everyday life, we come across
following changes:
 Change in shape, size, colour, position and state
 Slow or fast change
 Reversible and irreversible change
 Changes involving energy
 Changes forming new substances

CHANGE IN SHAPE: We can change the shape of objects. Eg. Folding clothes, cutting fruits
CHANGE IN SIZE: A puppy grows up and becomes a dog, a plant grows to a tree
CHANGE IN POSITION: When a bus turns to a different street, it changes its position. CHANGE IN
COLOUR: Leaves change colour with season, fruits change colour on ripening. CHANGE IN STATE:
On heating butter melts, water evaporates.

FAST AND SLOW CHANGES: The changes which take place over a short period of time are called
fast changes. E.g. Bursting of crackers.
A slow change is the one which takes a long time to occur. Eg. Rusting of iron.

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Q:1) Give an example of a fast and a slow change.
Q:2) Give an example of a change where there is a change in shape and size of the object during a
change.

REVERSIBLE AND IRREVERSIBLE CHANGE: The change where the opposite change can be
brought about by reversing the condition is known as a reversible change. E.g. melting, freezing, etc.

The change where the opposite change cannot be brought about by reversing the condition is known as
an irreversible change. eg. Rusting of iron, cooking of food

CHANGES INVOLVING ENERGY: Changes that occur around us involve energy. A change
during which heat energy is given out or evolved is called exothermic change. eg. Burning

A change during which heat is taken in or absorbed is called an endothermic change. eg. dissolution
of glucose in saliva.

Q:3) What do you observe when quick lime is added to water? Mention the type of change
involved here.
Q:4) Shaping of dough is a reversible change whereas baking of chapati is an irreversible change.
Explain why.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES: A change in which no new substance is formed and can
generally be reversed by reversing the conditions is called a physical change. eg. Melting of ice

A change in which new substances are formed and generally cannot be reversed by reversing the
condition isknown as a chemical change.eg. Slaking of lime

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Q:5) Differentiate between physical and chemical changes. Give two examples for each.
Q:6) What are reactants and products?

CAN PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES TAKE PLACE TOGETHER?

A change can't be both physical and chemical, but physical and chemical changes can occur
simultaneously. This is what's happening with the burning candle: the wax is melting, which is a
physical change, and it is combusting, which is a chemical change.
Digestion is another example of both. Food is physically broken down by chewing and chemically
broken down by digestive enzymes in the saliva and acid in the stomach.
A third example is weathering in nature. Rocks are physically changed by wind, running water,
expansion of ice as it freezes abrasive wind and water-borne sediments. They are chemically changed
by oxygen, acid rain and acidic compounds produced by decomposers.

Q:7) Explain how do physical and chemical changes take place together when a candle is burning?

HOW TO MAKE CHANGES TAKE PLACE:

 By heating or cooling: Heating or cooling may cause the following types of changes, like
I. Change in state, eg melting
II. Expansion and contraction eg.fixing metal rim in a wooden wheel of a cart.
III. Irreversible changes eg.burning of coal
 By increasing or decreasing pressure eg. a cushion gets misshapen when pressed.
 By mixing eg. dissolving sugar in water

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Q:8) Sometimes in very cold places, water pipes burst. Give reason why.
Ans: The water expands on freezing unlike other liquids. If the water of the pipes freezes due to
very cold, the pipes burst.

Q:9) Do all changes involve exchange of energy? Give examples to support your answer.
Ans: No, all changes do not involve energy. During formation of any heterogeneous mixture,
energy is neither evolved nor absorbed.

Answer the following:

1. Radha broke a white dove, made of plaster of Paris. Radha’s brother tried to reconstruct it by
making a powder of the broken pieces and then making a paste by mixing water. Will he be
successful in his effort? Justify.

(Hint: adding water to POP is a chemical change)

2. Rahul puts a few drops of alcohol on his palm , the alcohol disappears and his hand feels cool.
Why does this happen?(Hint:alcohol evaporates at normal temperature, evaporation leads to
cooling effect)
3. How will you use water to separate two stainless steel glasses stuck within each other? Why?(
Hint: heating causes expansion)
4. Can a same change be desirable and undesirable both? Justify your answer with suitable example.
5. What happens when some sugar crystals are heated strongly?

To be done in class notebook

Q1) What do you mean by reversible and irreversible changes? Give one example for each type.

A1) The changes that can be brought back by reversing the conditions are known as reversible changes.
Eg. Melting of butter, freezing of water.

The changes that cannot be brought back by reversing the conditions are known as irreversible changes.
Eg. Cooking of food, burning of paper.

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Q2) What are physical and chemical changes? Give 2 examples for each type.

A2) The changes in which no new substance is formed and is generally reversible are known as
physical changes. Eg. Melting of ice, boiling of water.
The changes in which one or more new substance is formed and is generally irreversible are known as
chemical changes.eg. rusting of iron, slaking of lime, photosynthesis.
Q3) Describe a reversible change that can be brought about by heating.

A3) Boiling of water is an example of a reversible change that can be brought about by heating.

When water is heated over a flame, it gets heated and finally starts boiling and gets converted to steam.
Steam on cooling can be converted to water and it is not even a new substance. Hence it is a reversible
as well as a physical change.
Q4) Describe an irreversible change that can be brought about by heating.

A4) Charring of sugar is an example of an irreversible change that can be brought about by heating.

When sugar is heated, it turns brown and then black. The black residue formed is sugar charcoal; a form
of carbon. This residue is a new substance which on cooling it cannot be brought back to sugar. Hence it
is an irreversible chemical change.
Q5) Mention two changes that can be brought about by applying pressure.

A5) a) The cushion gets misshapen on applying pressure. There is a change in shape of the cushion.
b) A biscuit break into pieces on applying pressure. Here the size and shape of the biscuit change.

Q6) What are exothermic and endothermic changes? Give an example for each.

A6) A change during which heat is given out or evolved is known as exothermic change. E.g. Burning
of a candle.

A change during which heat is taken in or absorbed is known as endothermic change. e.g. dissolution of
glucose in water.

Q7) What must you observe for making a systematic study of a change?

A7) To make a systematic study of a change, we must observe whether-

a) there is a change in shape, size and colour
b) the change is fast or slow
c) the change is reversible or irreversible
d) the change is exothermic or endothermic
e) the change is desirable or undesirable

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 NCERT QUESTIONS

Q1) Some changes are listed in the following table. For each change, write in the blank column, whether
the change can be reversed or not.

Sl. No. Change Can be reversed

(Yes/No)
1 The sawing a piece of wood No
2 Melting of ice candy Yes
3 Dissolving sugar in water Yes
4 Cooking of food No
5 The ripening of mango No
6 Souring of milk No

Q2) A drawing sheet changes when you draw a picture on it. Can you reverse this change?

A2) This change can be reversed if the drawing is done with a pencil and not coloured, or else it cannot
be reversed.
Q3) Give examples to explain the difference between changes that can or cannot be reversed.
A3)
Reversible change Irreversible change
Original substance can be brought back Original substance cannot be brought
back
The change is temporary The change is permanent
e.g. Melting of ice, boiling of water e.g. cooking of food, breaking of glass

Q4) A thick coating of a paste of Plaster of Paris (POP) is applied over the bandage on a fractured bone.
It becomes hard on drying to keep the fractured bone immobilised. Can the change in POP be reversed?
A4) Plaster of Paris on mixing with water becomes hard and produces a new substance. Thus it is a
chemical change and cannot be reversed.

Q5) A bag of cement lying in the open gets wet due to rain during the night. The next day the sun shines
brightly. Do you think the changes, which have occurred in the cement, could be reversed?
A5) Cement on mixing with water produces new substances. Thus it is a chemical change and it cannot
be reversed.

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 COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS
A. Multiple choice questions:

1. Which of the following changes can be reversed?

(a) Raw egg to boiled egg.
(b) Wet clothes to dry clothes.
(c) Bud to flower
(d) Cow dung to biogas.

Answer: (b)

2. Metal rim is fixed to the wooden cart wheel by

(a) heating metal rim
(b) heating wooden wheel
(c) cooling metal rim
(d) cooling wooden wheel

Answer: (a)

3. Which one of the steps while burning a candle is not reversible?

(a) Melting of solid wax.
(b) liquid wax changes into vapour.
(c) Wax vapour burns into flame.
(d) All of these.

Answer: (c)

4. Match the following items given in Column A with that in Column B:

Column A Column B

(a) Irreversible change (i) Needs mixing of two substances

(b) Reversible change (ii) Needs heating
(c) Sawing of a piece of wood (iii) Chemical change
(d) Ripening of mango (iv) A new substance is formed
(e) Melting of wax (v) Physical change
(f) Formation of a sugar solution (vi) No new substance is formed

Answer: (a) → (iv) (b) → (vi) (c) → (v) (d) → (iii) (e) → (ii) (f) → (i)

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B. Examine the two statements carefully and decide if the given options are correct:

1. Assertion (A): Bursting a firecracker is a physical change.

Reason (R): A physical change can be a reversible change.
 Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 A is true but R is false
 A is false but R is true

2. Assertion (A): Decaying of food is a chemical change.

Reason (R): Decaying of food is not a permanent change.
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 A is false but R is true
 A is true but R is false
 Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

3. Assertion (A): There is a small gap left between the rails of a railway track.
Reason (R): Cooling of substances result in contraction.
 Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
 A is false but R is true
 Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
 A is true but R is false

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