1. Which of the following elements is a noble gas?

Answer: c)

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Helium

d) Carbon

2. What is the atomic number of carbon? Answer: a)

a) 6

b) 8

c) 12

d) 14

3. Which compound is commonly known as table salt? Answer: a)

a) Sodium chloride

b) Calcium carbonate

c) Potassium hydroxide

d) Iron sulfate

4. What is the formula for sulfuric acid? Answer: a)

a) H2SO4

b) HCl

c) NaOH

d) CO2

5. Which gas is produced during photosynthesis? Answer: a)

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Nitrogen
 d) Hydrogen

6. What is the chemical symbol for gold? Answer: b)

a) Ag

b) Au

c) Fe

d) Na

7. What is the pH value of a neutral solution? Answer: b)

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 10

8. Which gas is responsible for the greenhouse effect? Answer: c)

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Hydrogen

9. What is the process of converting a solid directly into a gas called? Answer: c)

a) Condensation

b) Evaporation

c) Sublimation

d) Freezing

10. Which element is the most abundant in the Earth's atmosphere? Answer: b)

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon
 d) Hydrogen

11. What is the chemical formula for water? Answer: a)

a) H2O

b) CO2

c) NaCl

d) H2SO4

12. What is the process of combining two or more elements to form a new substance called? Answer:
d)

a) Fusion

b) Fission

c) Combustion

d) Chemical reaction

13. Which element is essential for organic compounds? Answer: a)

a) Carbon

b) Oxygen

c) Nitrogen

d) Hydrogen

14. What is the name of the process by which a solid changes directly into a gas without becoming a
liquid first? Answer: c)

a) Melting

b) Boiling

c) Sublimation

d) Condensation

15. What is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance? Answer: d)

a) Meter

b) Gram
 c) Liter

d) Mole

16. Which gas gives a pungent smell to rotten eggs? Answer: c)

a) Oxygen

b) Hydrogen

c) Sulfur dioxide

d) Ammonia

17. What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called? Answer: b)

a) Evaporation

b) Condensation

c) Sublimation

d) Freezing

18. What is the chemical formula for methane? Answer: c)

a) CH3OH

b) C2H5OH

c) CH4

d) CO2

19. Which of the following is a halogen element? Answer: c)

a) Sodium

b) Calcium

c) Chlorine

d) Iron

20. What is the process of breaking down a compound into its constituent elements called? Answer:
b)

a) Synthesis

b) Decomposition
 c) Ionization

d) Oxidation

21. What is the chemical symbol for iron? Answer: a)

a) Fe

b) Mg

c) Ag

d) Cu

22. What is the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point called?
Answer: c)

a) Condensation

b) Sublimation

c) Evaporation

d) Freezing

23. Which element is responsible for the blue color in the flame test? Answer: c)

a) Sodium

b) Potassium

c) Copper

d) Calcium

24. What is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid? Answer: a)

a) HCl

b) H2SO4

c) H2O

d) NaOH

25. Which gas is produced when an acid reacts with a metal? Answer: d)

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen
 c) Carbon dioxide

d) Hydrogen

26. What is the process of converting a gas directly into a solid called? Answer: d)

a) Melting

b) Sublimation

c) Condensation

d) Deposition

27. What is the pH value of a basic solution? Answer: c)

a) 0

b) 7

c) 14

d) 10

28. Which element is commonly used as a catalyst in the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production?
Answer: a)

a) Iron

b) Copper

c) Silver

d) Gold

29. What is the chemical formula for glucose? Answer: a)

a) C6H12O6

b) H2O

c) CO2

d) NaCl

30. Which gas is responsible for the distinctive smell of rotten eggs? Answer: c)

a) Oxygen

b) Hydrogen
 c) Sulfur dioxide

d) Ammonia

31. What is the process of converting a liquid into a solid called? Answer: d)

a) Evaporation

b) Condensation

c) Sublimation

d) Freezing

32. What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride? Answer: c)

a) H2O

b) CO2

c) NaCl

d) H2SO4

33. Which gas is commonly known as laughing gas? Answer: d)

a) Oxygen

b) Nitrogen

c) Carbon dioxide

d) Nitrous oxide

34. What is the process of converting a gas into a liquid called? Answer: b)

a) Evaporation

b) Condensation

c) Sublimation

d) Freezing

35. What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid? Answer: a)

a) H2SO4

b) HCl
 c) NaOH

d) CO2

36. Which of the following is a halogen element? Answer: c)

a) Sodium

b) Calcium

c) Chlorine

d) Iron

37. What is the process of converting a solid directly into a gas called? Answer: c)

a) Condensation

b) Evaporation

c) Sublimation

d) Freezing

38. Which gas is produced during photosynthesis? Answer: a)

a) Oxygen

b) Carbon dioxide

c) Nitrogen

d) Hydrogen

39. Define the concept of atomic orbitals and explain the different types of atomic orbitals. Answer: a)

(a) Atomic orbitals are regions of space around an atom where there is a high probability of finding an
electron.

(b) Atomic orbitals are the paths that electrons travel around an atom.

(c) Atomic orbitals are the energy levels that electrons occupy in an atom.

(d) Atomic orbitals are the shapes of electrons in an atom.

40. Describe the concept of electron configuration and explain how it is determined using the Aufbau
principle. Answer: (a)

(a) Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.

(c) Electron configuration is the energy of an atom's electrons.

(d) Electron configuration is the stability of an atom's electrons.

41.Explain the concept of chemical bonding and describe the different types of chemical bonds. Answer:
(a)

(a) Chemical bonding is the force that holds atoms together to form molecules or compounds.

(b) Chemical bonding is the force that holds electrons together in an atom.

(c) Chemical bonding is the force that holds atoms together in a crystal lattice.

(d) Chemical bonding is the force that holds atoms together in a liquid.

42. Describe the concept of chemical reactions and explain the factors that affect the rate of chemical
reactions. Answer: (a)

(a) A chemical reaction is a process in which reactants are transformed into products.

(b) A chemical reaction is a process in which atoms are rearranged to form new substances.

(c) A chemical reaction is a process in which energy is released or absorbed.

(d) A chemical reaction is a process in

43. Which of the following is a non-polar solvent? Answer:b)

a) Water

b) Acetone

c) Ethanol

d) Methanol

44. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with five bonding pairs and no lone pairs? Answer:

a)

a) Trigonal Bipyramidal

b) Tetrahedral

c) Linear
d) Octahedral

45. Which element is present in all organic compounds? Answer:b)

a) Hydrogen

b) Carbon

c) Oxygen

d) Nitrogen

46. In a redox reaction, which species is oxidized? Answer:a)

a) The reducing agent

b) The oxidizing agent

c) Both are oxidized

d) Both are reduced

47. What is the primary component of natural gas? Answer:a)

a) Methane

b) Ethane

c) Propane

d) Butane

48. Which of the following is an example of an exothermic reaction? Answer:c)

a) Photosynthesis

b) Respiration

c) Combustion

d) Dissolution

49. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 x 10^(-9) M? Answer:b)

a) 7

b) 9

c) 5
d) 3

50. Which of the following is a Lewis acid? Answer:c)

a) H2O

b) NaOH

c) BF3

d) CH4

51. Which type of intermolecular force is present in CH3Cl? Answer:b)

a) London Dispersion Forces

b) Dipole-Dipole Forces

c) Hydrogen Bonding

d) Ion-Dipole Forces

52. What is the hybridization of the central atom in sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)? Answer:d)

a) sp

b) sp2

c) sp3

d) sp3d2

53. What is the molecular geometry of a water molecule? Answer:c)

a) Linear

b) Trigonal Planar

c) Bent

d) Tetrahedral

54. Which of the following is a transition metal? Answer:b)

a) Aluminum

b) Copper

c) Zinc
d) Silicon

55. What is the function of a catalyst in a chemical reaction? Answer:a)

a) Increase reaction rate

b) Decrease reaction rate

c) Change equilibrium constant

d) Change the stoichiometry of the reaction

56. What is the IUPAC name for the compound CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3? Answer:c)

a) Butane

b) Pentane

c) Hexane

d) Heptane

57. Which law states that the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial
pressures of individual gases? Answer:c)

a) Boyle's Law

b) Charles's Law

c) Dalton's Law

d) Gay-Lussac's Law

58. In an electrochemical cell, oxidation occurs at the: Answer:a)

a) Anode

b) Cathode

c) Salt bridge

d) Electrolyte

59. Which of the following is an example of a spontaneous process? Answer:b)

a) Ice melting at -5°C

b) Ice melting at 5°C

c) Ice freezing at -5°C

60. What is the shape of a molecule with three bonding pairs and one lone pair? Answer:c)

a) Tetrahedral

b) Trigonal Planar

c) Trigonal Pyramidal

d) Bent

61. Which element is responsible for the blue color in copper sulfate (CuSO4) solution? Answer:a)

a) Copper (Cu)

b) Sulfur (S)

c) Oxygen (O)

d) Hydrogen (H)

62. What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxide ion concentration of 1 x 10^(-3) M? Answer:c)

a) 3

b) 7

c) 11

d) 14

63. Which type of spectroscopy is commonly used to analyze the molecular structure of organic
compounds? Answer:c)

a) Infrared Spectroscopy

b) UV-Visible Spectroscopy

c) NMR Spectroscopy

d) Mass Spectrometry

64. What is the relationship between the rate constant (k) and temperature (T) in the Arrhenius
equation? Answer:a)

a) k ∝ T

b) k ∝ 1/T
c) k ∝ T^2

d) k ∝ ln(T)

65. Which of the following is an example of a heterogeneous catalyst? Answer:a)

a) Platinum (Pt)

b) Enzyme

c) Iron (Fe)

d) Vanadium (V)

66. What is the formula for calculating the mole fraction of a component in a solution? Answer:c)

a) Moles of component / Moles of solute

b) Moles of component / Moles of solvent

c) Moles of component / Total moles of solution

d) Moles of solute / Moles of solvent

67. Which of the following is an allotrope of carbon with a three-dimensional structure? Answer:c)

a) Graphite

b) Diamond

c) Fullerene

d) Graphene

68. In the context of electrochemistry, what does the term "Faraday" represent? Answer:a)

a) Charge on one mole of electrons

b) Voltage of a cell

c) Current flowing in a circuit

d) Electrode potential

69. Which law describes the behavior of an ideal gas at constant temperature and pressure? Answer:c)

a) Boyle's Law

b) Charles's Law
c) Avogadro's Law

d) Gay-Lussac's Law

70. What is the primary component responsible for the greenhouse effect on Earth? Answer:c)

a) Oxygen (O2)

b) Methane (CH4)

c) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

d) Water vapor (H2O)

71. In which type of reaction does a single reactant produce two or more products? Answer:a)

a) Decomposition

b) Combustion

c) Synthesis

d) Displacement

72. What is the function of a buffer solution? Answer:c)

a) Increase pH

b) Decrease pH

c) Maintain a constant pH

d) Neutralize acids

73. What is the role of a coenzyme in enzymatic reactions? Answer:c)

a) It acts as a catalyst.

b) It stabilizes the enzyme-substrate complex.

c) It transfers chemical groups or electrons between molecules.

d) It provides structural support to enzymes.

74. Which of the following is an example of a second-order reaction? Answer:b)

a) A → B

b) A + B → C
c) 2A → B

d) A → B + C

75. What is the shape of a molecule with four bonding pairs and one lone pair? Answer:c)

a) Tetrahedral

b) Trigonal Bipyramidal

c) Square Pyramidal

d) Square Planar

76. Which of the following elements is a halogen? Answer:b)

a) Sodium (Na)

b) Chlorine (Cl)

c) Calcium (Ca)

d) Potassium (K)

77.What is the principle behind chromatography separation techniques? Answer:d)

a) Solubility in a solvent

b) Boiling point differences

c) Mass differences

d) Affinity for a stationary phase

78. Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction? Answer:b)

a) NaCl + H2O → NaOH + HCl

b) 2H2O → 2H2 + O2

c) CO2 + H2O → H2CO3

d) C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

79. What is the function of a phase transfer catalyst in organic chemistry? Answer:c)

a) Accelerate reactions

b) Facilitate separation of immiscible reactants

d) Increase reaction selectivity

80. What is the oxidation state of oxygen in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? Answer:a)

a) -1

b) 0

c) -1/2

d) -2

81. Which of the following is a characteristic of a first-order reaction? Answer:b)

a) Reaction rate is independent of reactant concentration.

b) Reaction rate is directly proportional to reactant concentration.

c) Reaction rate is inversely proportional to reactant concentration.

d) Reaction rate is zero-order with respect to reactant concentration.

82.What is the molecular formula of hydrogen peroxide? Answer:b)

a) H2O

b) H2O2

c) HO

d) H2O3

83. Which of the following statements is true regarding an exothermic reaction? Answer:b)

a) It absorbs heat from the surroundings.

b) It releases heat to the surroundings.

c) It involves a decrease in enthalpy.

d) It always proceeds spontaneously.

84. What is the function of a molecular sieve in chemical processes? Answer:c)

a) Catalysis

b) Filtration
c) Adsorption of water

d) Distillation

85. Which of the following is an example of a non-polar molecule? Answer:c)

a) HCl

b) NH3

c) CO2

d) H2O

86. What is the coordination number of an atom in a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal lattice? Answer:c)

a) 4

b) 6

c) 8

d) 12

87. Which of the following is a Lewis base? Answer:b)

a) HCl

b) NH3

c) AlCl3

d) H2SO4

88. What is the main product of the combustion of hydrocarbons? Answer:a)

a) Carbon dioxide (CO2)

b) Carbon monoxide (CO)

c) Methane (CH4)

d) Hydrogen (H2)

89. In nuclear chemistry, what is the term for the time required for half of a radioactive substance to
decay? Answer:b)

a) Decay constant

b) Half-life
c) Decay rate

d) Radioactive period

90. What is the function of a ligand in coordination chemistry? Answer:d)

a) It provides color to the complex.

b) It increases the coordination number.

c) It forms a bridge between metal atoms.

d) It donates electrons to a metal ion.

91. Which of the following is an example of a colligative property? Answer:b)

a) Density

b) Boiling point elevation

c) Viscosity

d) Surface tension

92. What is the oxidation state of manganese in the compound KMnO4? Answer:d)

a) +1

b) +3

c) +5

d) +7

93. What is the purpose of a phase diagram in thermodynamics? Answer:c)

a) To predict reaction rates

b) To determine equilibrium constants

c) To study the behavior of a substance under different conditions

d) To calculate enthalpy changes

94. Which of the following is a property of the actinide series in the periodic table? Answer:b)

a) All elements are metals

b) All elements are radioactive

d) All elements are gases at room temperature

95. What is the primary role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction? Answer:c)

a) Increase the temperature of the reaction

b) Increase the pressure of the reaction

c) Provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy

d) Change the equilibrium constant of the reaction

96. Which of the following is an example of an amphiprotic substance? Answer:c)

a) HCl

b) H2SO4

c) H2O

d) NaOH

97. What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency in electromagnetic waves? Answer:a)

a) Inversely proportional

b) Directly proportional

c) No relationship

d) Quadratically proportional

98. In the context of chemical kinetics, what is the order of a reaction with respect to a particular
reactant? Answer:c)

a) The total number of moles of reactants

b) The coefficient of the reactant in the balanced chemical equation

c) The exponent in the rate law equation

d) The stoichiometric coefficient of the reactant

99. What is the major product of the hydration of an alkene in the presence of acid? Answer:c)

a) Alkane

b) Alkene
c) Alcohol

d) Aldehyde

100. Which of the following is a primary component of natural gas? Answer:a)

a) Methane

b) Ethane

c) Propane

d) Butane