Principles of Modern Chemistry 8th Edition Oxtoby Solutions Manual
Principles of Modern Chemistry 8th Edition Oxtoby Solutions Manual
Principles of Modern Chemistry 8th Edition Oxtoby Solutions Manual
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Chapter 2
2.2 Find the mass fractions by dividing the mass of each element present in a mole of acetaminophen (N-
acetyl-p-aminophenol, C8H9NO2) by the molar mass
2.389 g
nCa nCaO 0.04260 mol
56.0774 g mol 1
1.876 g
nC nCO 0.04263 mol
2
44.010 g mol 1
3.921 g
nN nNO 0.08523 mol
2
46.0055 g mol 1
Divide each of these amounts by the smallest. The resulting ratios are 1 : 1.001 : 2.001. This means that
the empirical formula is CaCN2
2.16 Two gases held at the same conditions contain the same number of molecules per unit volume. This
means that the ratio of molar masses of these two gases equals the ratio of their densities:
MP n 2.7 g L1 2.7
MN2
0.62 g L1
hence MPn 1
2
28.014 g mol 1.2 10 g mol
0.62
1
The molar mass of atomic P is only 30.97 g mol1. The P4 molecule however has a molar mass of 124 g
mol1, which equals 1.2 102 g mol1 within the precision of the data (two significant digits). Conclude
that there are four P atoms per molecule under these conditions.
2.18 a) The relative molecular mass of the binary compound is (2.53) (28.013) = 70.9.
b) Each molecule of the compound has one N atom because
8.21 g 1.62 g
0.116 mol compound contains 0.116 mol N
70.9 g mol 1 14.007 g mol 1
c) The maximum possible value of the relative atomic mass of the other element is 70.9 14.0 = 56.9.
d) Divide 56.9 by the positive integers: 56.9/2 = 28.5; 56.9/3 = 19.0; 56.9/4 = 24.2, and so forth. Compare
the results to the known relative atomic masses. The closet fit is F (relative atomic mass 19.0).
e) NF3
g) NH4 Cr2O7 N 2 Cr2O3 4H2O
2
h) NaBH4 2H2O NaBO2 4H2
2.22 a)
b)
1.000 g C H 3mol CO 1
mCO 3 8
1
2
44.010 g mol 2.994 g
2
44.096 g mol 1 mol C H
3 8
c)
2.24 Whatever the reaction or series of reactions that gives Pt2C10H18N2S2O6, the chemical amount that forms
cannot exceed half the chemical amount of platinum because the compound contains two Pt per molecule.
Thus
13
2.26 Use the balanced equation Si 4H10 O 4SiO2 5H2O
2 2
2.28
2.30
2.32 a) Let MA represent the molar mass of element A. Then MA + 3(126.90) g mol1 is the molar mass of AI3
and MA + 3(35.453) g mol1 is the molar mass of ACl3. Use the stoichiometry of the equation
to express the mass of ACl3 obtained in terms of the mass of AI3 treated
Which becomes