BRAHMASTRA

FINAL REVISION MODULE BEFORE EXAMINATION

324
 COMPOUND ANGLE
1. IMPORTANT T RATIOS

(a) sin n  = 0 ; cos n  = (-1) n ; tan n  = 0 where n  I

(2n 1)  (2n 1) 
(b) sin = (1) n & cos = 0 where n  I
2 2
 3 1 5
(c) sin 15° or sin = = cos 75° or cos ;
12 2 2 12
 3 1
cos 15° or cos = = sin 75° or sin 5  ;
12 2 2 12
3 1 3 1 
tan 15° = = 2  3 = cot 75° ; tan 75° = = 2  3 = cot 15°
3 1 3 1
 2  2  2  2  3
(d) sin = ; cos = ; tan = 2 1 ;
= 2 1 tan
8 2 8 2 8 8
 5 1  5 1
(e) sin or sin 18° = & cos 36° or cos =
10 4 5 4
2. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF ALLIED ANGLES
If  is any angle, then  , 90 ± , 180 ± , 270 ± , 360 ±  etc. are called ALLIED
ANGLES.
(a) sin ( ) =  sin  ; cos ( ) = cos 
(b) sin (90° ) = cos  ; cos (90°  ) = sin 
(c) sin (90°+ ) = cos  ; cos (90°+ )0=  sin 
(d) sin (180° ) = sin  ; cos (180° ) =  cos 
(e) sin (180°+ ) =  sin ; cos (180°+ ) =  cos 
(f) sin (270° ) =  cos  ; cos (270° ) =  sin 
(g) sin (270°+ ) =  cos  ; cos (270°+ ) = sin 
3. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO ANGLES
(a) sin (A ± B) = sinA cosB ± cosA sinB
(b) cos (A ± B) = cosA cosB sinA sinB
(c) sin²A  sin²B = cos²B  cos²A = sin (A+B) . sin (A B)
(d) cos²A  sin²B = cos²B  sin²A = cos (A+B) . cos (A  B)
tan A  tan B cot A cot B 1
(e) tan (A ± B) = (f) cot (A ± B) =
1 tan A tan B cot B  cot A

4. FACTORISATION OF THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF TWO SINES OR

COSINES

CD CD CD CD

(a) sinC + sinD = 2 sin cos (b) sinC  sinD = 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2
CD CD CD CD
(c) cosC + cosD = 2 cos cos (d) cosC  cosD =  2 sin sin
2 2 2 2

325
5. TRANSFORMATION OF PRODUCTS INTO SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF SINES &
COSINES

(a) 2 sinA cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(AB) (b) 2 cosA sinB = sin(A+B)  sin(AB)
(c) 2 cosA cosB = cos(A+B) + cos(AB) (d) 2 sinA sinB = cos(AB)  cos(A+B)

6. MULTIPLE ANGLES AND HALF ANGLES

 
(a) sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA ; sin  = 2 sin cos 
2 2
(b) cos2A = cos A  sin A = 2cos A  1 = 1  2 sin2 A ;
2 2 2

   
cos  = cos2  sin² = 2cos2  1 = 1  2sin2 .
2 2 2 2
1 cos 2A
2 cos2 A = 1 + cos 2A , 2sin2 A = 1  cos 2A ; tan2 A =
1 cos 2A
 
2 cos 2 = 1 + cos  , 2 sin2 = 1  cos .
2 2
2 tan A 2 tan ( 2)
(c) tan 2A = ; tan  =
1  tan A
2 1  tan2 ( 2)
2 tan A 1  tan2 A
(d) sin 2A = , cos 2A = (e) sin 3A = 3 sinA  4 sin3 A
1  tan 2 A 1  tan 2 A
3 tan A  tan 3 A
(f) cos 3A = 4 cos3 A  3 cosA (g) tan 3A =
1  3 tan 2 A

7. THREE ANGLES

tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C

(a) tan (A+B+C) =
1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A
NOTE IF : (i) A+B+C =  then tanA + tanB + tanC = tanA tanB tanC
(ii) A+B+C = then tanA tanB + tanB tanC + tanC tanA = 1
(b) If A + B + C =  then : (i) sin2A + sin2B + sin2C = 4 sinA sinB sinC
A B C
(ii) sinA + sinB + sinC = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2
9. MAXIMUM & MINIMUM VALUES OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

(a) Min. value of a2tan2  + b2cot2  = 2ab where   R

(b) Max. and Min. value of acos + bsin are a2  b2 and – a2  b2
(c) If f() = acos(  ) + bcos(  ) where a, b,  and  are known quantities then
– a2  b2  2abcos( ) < f() < a 2  b2  2abcos( )
(d) If A, B, C are the angles of a triangle then maximum value of
sinA + sinB + sinC and sinA sinB sinC occurs when A = B = C = 600
(e) In case a quadratic in sin or cos is given then the maximum or minimum
values can be interpreted by making a perfect square.

326
10. SUM OF SINES OR COSINES OF N ANGLES

n 
sin  n 1 

sin  + sin ( + ) + sin ( + 2 ) + ........ + sin   n 1  =  sin 2
sin  
2

 2
 

n 
sin  n 1 

cos  + cos ( + ) + cos ( + 2 ) + ....... + cos   n 1  =  sin
2

cos  
 2
 

2

SOLVED EXAMPLES
       
1. If L  sin2   sin2   and M  cos2   sin2   , then: [JEE Main 2020]
 16   8   16   8 
1 1  1  1 cos 
(A) M   cos  (B) M 
2 2 2 8 4 2 4 8
1
1  cos   1
1  cos  
(C) L   (D) L 
2 2 2 8 4 2 4 8

Ans. (A)
 3    
Sol. L  sin  sin 16 
 16   
1    1   1 
L   cos
  cos   cos  
2  4 8  2  8 2 
1 1 
L  — cos 
2 2 2 8
 3    
M = cos   cos  
 16   16 
1  
M =  cos  cos  
2 4 8
1 1 
M= + cos 
2 2 2 8

for k = 1, 2, 3,... Then for all x R, the value of f 4(x) – f 6(x) is
1
fk (x)  (sin x  cos x)
k k
2. Let
k
equal to :-
5 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 4 12
[JEE Main 2019]

Ans. (D)
Sol. all x  R ,the value of f4(x) – f6(x)
=
1
4

sin4 x  cos4 x 
1
6
 
sin6 x  cos6 x 
1  1  1  3  1
= 1  sin2 2x  – 1  sin2 2x =

4  2  6  4  12

327
3. Let a, b, c be three non-zero real numbers such that the equation [JEE Adv. 2018]
  
3 a cos x + 2b sin x = c, x   , 
 2 2 
 b
has two distinct real roots  and  with  +  = . Then the value of is.
3 a

Ans. (0.5)
2b c
Sol. 3 cos x  sin x 
a a

2b c .....
Now, 3 cos   sin   1
a a
2b c
3 cos   sin  ...... (2)
a a
2b
3 cos   cos   
a
 sin   sin   0
        2b        
3 2 sin   sin   2 cos  2  sin  2   0
  2   2   a     
     2b
2 sin   
 2   a
 
cos 30o  3 sin 30o   0


 
  
sin   0
 2 
 2b . 3  3  0
a 2 2
b 1
  0.5
a 2

13

1
4. The value of is equal to [JEE Adv. 2016]

k1 sin  
(k 1)    k 
   
sin  
4 6   4 6 
(A) 3 3 (B) 2(3  3) (C) 2( 3 1) (D) 2(2  3)

Ans. (C)
  k   (k – 1) 
sin   –  
 4 6 4
13
6 
Sol. 2    (k – 1)    k 
k 1 sin    sin  4  6 
4 6   

13
      k 
2 cot 4  (k – 1) 6 – cot 4  6 
k 1
      12    13 
2 cot – cot   ..........  cot   – cot   
 4  4 6  4 6  4 6 
     
2 cot – cot 2   
 4  4 6 
    
2 1 – cot   

  4 6  

328
  3 – 1 
2 1 – 
 3  1 

 3  1 – 3  1  2 3 –1
2   =2× × = 2( 3 – 1)
 3 1  3 1 3 –1

1
5. The maximum value of the expression is [IIT 2010]
sin   3sin cos  5cos2 
2

Ans. (2)
1
Sol. Let f () 
1 cos 2 3  1 cos 2 
 sin 2  5  
2 2  2 
2
f ()  
6  3sin 2  4 cos 2 
2
f () max  [ a sin   bcos  a 2  b2 ]
6 [3sin 2  4 cos 2] min
2
f () max  2
6 5

2     
6. Let f : (–1, 1)  IR be such that f(cos 4) = for    0,    ,  . Then the
2  sec2   4  4 2 
1
value(s) of f   is(are)
 3 
3 3 2 2
(A) 1 – (B) 1 + (C) 1 – (D) 1 +
2 2 3 3

Ans. (Bonus)
1 4
Sol. cos 4   2 cos2 2 
3 3

2
cos2 2  cos 2   2
3 3
2 cos2  1 cos 2
f (cos 4) 
2 cos2  1 cos 2
1
 1
cos 2
3
f (cos 4)  1 or 1 3
2 2

329
7. Let a vertical tower AB have its end A on the level ground. Let C be the mid - point of AB
and P be a point on the ground such that AP = 2AB. If BPC =  then tan  is equal to:
[JEE Mains 2017]
6 1 2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 4 9 9

Ans. (C)
x 1 tan   tan 
Sol. tan ( + ) =  = ...(1)
2x 2 1  tan  tan 
B
x /2 1
tan  =  x
2x 4
1 2
tan  
4 x C
Put in (1)
x
1
 tan  2
1
 4
2 1  1 tan  A P
4 2x
1 1
1 tan   2 tan
4 2

1 9
 tan 
2 4
2
tan =
9

sin4 x cos4 x 1
8. If   , then
2 3 5
8 8

(A) tan2 x =
2 sin x + cos x = 1
(B)
3 8 27 125
1 8
sin x 8
cos x 2
(C) tan2 x = (D) + =
3 8 27 125

Ans. (AB)
sin4 x cos4 x 1
Sol.  
2 3 5
15sin4 x + 10cos4 x + 6
15tan4x + 10 = 6 sec4 x
15 tan4x + 10 = 6(1 + tan2 x)2
9 tan4x – 12 tan2 x + 4 = 0
2
(3 tan2x – 2) = 0  tan2x =
3
3 2
cos2 x  , sin2 x 
5 5

330
    
9. Let    [0, 2] be such that 2 cos (1 – sin) = sin 2tan  cot cos – 1,
 2 2 
3
tan(2 – ) > 0 and –1 < sin  < – . Then  cannot satisfy [IIT 2012]
2
  4
(A) 0 <  <  (B)    
2 2 3
4 3 3
(C)    (D)    2
3 2 2

Ans. (ACD)
   
Sol. 2 cos (1 – sin) = sin 2tan  cot cos – 1
 2 2 
 
 1 
2 cos (1 – sin) = sin 2 cos – 1
  
 sin cos 
 2 2 
2 cos (1  sin )  2 sin  cos   1

2 cos  + 1 = 2 sin ( + ) ….(i)

1
= sin( + ) – cos 
2
    3 
tan(2  )  0 , tan  < 0     ,   , 2  
2   2 
3
–1 < sin  < –
2
 3 5 
as    ,  ....(ii)
 2 3 
So, ‘ ’ is in 4th quadrant  L.H.S. of equation (i) will be positive
1 < 2 cos  + 1 < 2
 1 < 2 sin ( + ) < 2
1
  sin(  )  1
2
 5
 2        2
6 6

 2  max    5  2 min
6 6
 4
   
2 3

331
    
10. The value of cos cos .... cos 10
sin is : [JEE Main 2019]
2 2
2 3
2 210
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
256 2 512 1024

Ans. (C)
    
cos 2
.cos 3
.cos 4
.........cos 10
sin 
10
2 2 2 2 2 .29
Sol.
29
    
cos 2 .cos 3
.cos 4
.........cos sin 9
9
2 2 2 2 2 .28 [ sin 2  2sin cos ]
29

sin 
2  1  1
9
2 29 512


11. If t  = (tan)tan, t2 = (tan)cot, t 3 = (cot)tan, t4 = (cot)cot and let    0, 
 , then
 4 
[IIT 2006]
(A) t4 < t2 < t1 < t3 (B) t4 < t1 < t3 < t2 (C) t4 < t3 < t2 < t1 (D) t2 < t1 < t3 < t4

Ans. (D)
1
Sol. Let tan    cot 


   0,   (0,1)
 4 

 1
 1  
1
 t = ( ) , t2 = (  )  , t3=  1  , t4 =  

  
1
 1 & 1

Its implies that t3 & t4 are greater then t1 & t2
1 1
since ,  1 &  
 
1

 1   1  
      t4  t3
    
1
1
also    ( )     t2  t1 [   1]

t4 > t3 > t1 > t2

12. The maximum value of


(cos 1).(cos 2)......(cos n) , under the restrictions 0   1 .  2 .....  n  and
2
(cot 1).(cot 2).(cot 3). .....(cot n) = 1 is
1 1 1
(A) n/ 2 (B) n (C) (D) 1
2 2 2n
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Ans. (A)
Sol. cos 1. cos 2 ...... cos n = sin 1. sin 2 ......... sin n ……(1)
cos2 1. cos2 2 ...... cos2 n = sin2 1 . sin2 2 ......... sin2 n
AM  GM
consider 2n numbers
n
 [ cos 1. cos 2...... cos n. sin  1 . sin 2....... sin n]2/2n
2n
from equation (1)
2
1
 (cos1 cos2 ........... cosn ) n
2
n
 1 2
cos 1 cos 2 …… cosn   
 2 

13. For a positive integer n, [IIT 1999]


let fn() = tan   (1 + sec ) (1 + sec 2 ) (1 + sec 4) ...... ( 1 + sec2n ).Then :
 2 

     
(A) f2   = 2 (B) f3   = 1 (C) f4   = 0 (D) None of these
 16   32   64 

Ans. (B)

Sol. fn() = tan   (1 + sec ) (1 + sec 2 )...... ( 1 + sec2n )
 2 
 (1 cos)(1 cos 2) ..... (1 cos 2 n )
 tan
2 coscos 2 ...... cos 2 n 
 
sin 2 cos (2 cos2 )(2 cos2 2)...... (2 cos2 2n )
2  2 

coscos 2....... cos 2n 
fn() = tan (2n )

   
f 2   tan 4    1
 16   16 

     
f 3   tan 8    1
 32   32 

     
f 4    tan 16   1
 64   64 

333