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GCSE
BIOLOGY
Higher Tier Paper 1H
H
Tuesday 14 May 2019 Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

Materials For Examiner’s Use

For this paper you must have:
• a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator. 1
2
Instructions
3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. 4
• Answer all questions in the spaces provided. 5
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
6
to be marked.
• In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer. 7
8
Information
• The maximum mark for this paper is 100. TOTAL
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
• You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation
in your answers.

*JUN1984611H01*
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
\

0 1 Figure 1 shows an animal cell viewed using a microscope.

Figure 1

0 1 . 1 The cell contains a nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus?

[1 mark]

controls the activities

of the cell / contains genetic material
✓

0 1 . 2 Name one type of cell that does not contain a nucleus.

[1 mark]

red blood cell bacteria /

prokaryote xylem cells

f t tr
dead cells
the have
because genetic
needed that don't need
space is material
free in the a nucleus to
for haemoglobin cytoplasm (not
carry out any
membrane bound)
functions

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0 1 . 3 Draw a simple diagram of the cell in Figure 1. box

Label two parts of the cell.

aerobic respiration)
(site of [2 marks]

/
cell membrane
- movement of
⇐controls and out
in
substances
of )
cell

÷:÷
chemical reactions
(site of
in the
cell )
ribosome

(site of protein activities

(controls of
synthesis the cell )

0 1 . 4 Name one structure found in a plant cell but not found in an animal cell.
d [1 mark]

cellulose cell wall chloroplast (permanent vacuole

Question 1 continues on the next page

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Figure 2 shows some different cells. box

Figure 2
Length Ñ = 24mm

Ha
0 1 . 5 The real length from point X to point Y is 0.06 mm

Calculate the magnification.

Use the equation:

-

size of image
magnification =
real size of object

[3 marks]

24m£
size
of image
2÷gÉ
=

magnification
Real size
=
0.06 mm

}÷g = 400

✓
Magnification = × 400

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0 1 . 6 The cells shown in Figure 2 were viewed using a light microscope. box

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope.

ÉÉf accelerated electrons [2 marks]
↳ electrons have a shorter wavelength than light
and higher magnification
1
↳ has a higher resolving power
higher magnification
(allows )
'
3D image
↳ microscope detects
2 higher resolution / resolving power the electrons that

reflect back off of 10

the specimen

to-do
Turn over for the next question '

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mama
Do not write
outside the
0 2 Mosquitoes carry a pathogen that causes malaria. box

0 2 . 1 What type of pathogen causes malaria?

[1 mark]
Tick ( ) one box.

A bacterium

A fungus

A protist ✓ (The Plasmodium protist)

A virus

Mosquito nets can help prevent the spread of malaria.

Table 1 shows the results of a study in one area of Africa.

Table 1

I
Percentage of people with
Number of malaria
Total people who
number of use Who do
people in the mosquito Who use
NOT use
study nets when mosquito
mosquito
sleeping nets when
nets when
sleeping
sleeping

476 426 1.2

-
40
-

112840
A newspaper made the following statement:

‘Study shows mosquito nets are scientifically proven to prevent malaria.’

Mana0 2 . 2 Give one piece of evidence that supports the statement.

[1 mark]

lower percentage of people with malaria when

using mosquito nets

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0 2 . 3 Suggest one reason why the statement may not be valid. box
[1 mark]

some people who use

mosquito nets have malaria

other about
Data is
from only one area No
information the people
is considered
Group sizes is too small

Table 2 shows information about the number of deaths from malaria in the same area
of Africa.

Table 2

Number of deaths
Year from malaria
per 100 000 people

2005 161
2007 136
2009 114 F-
g. I
2011 97
Predict
2013 94
2- 3
-
2
another

2015 92 2- 2
92-2=90

0 2 . 4 Predict the number of people per 100 000 who died from malaria in 2017 if the trend
stayed the same.
[1 mark]

MS allows 88-91
any
from

Number of people per 100 000 = 90

0 2 . 5 Use of mosquito nets has helped to reduce the number of deaths from malaria
each year.

Suggest one other reason for the reduced number of deaths from malaria each year.
[1 mark]

Improved healthcare

changing behaviour to avoid being

of mosquito
Use control methods

bitten

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0 2 . 6 Describe how the human body:

?n[?;%¥÷e+
box

Well explained points

• prevents pathogens from entering points siren
• defends itself against pathogens inside the body.
sebum
' '
[6 marks]
(Prevention of
entering) f)
-
Skin acts as a barrier ? Fillon the
surface that repels pathogens
✓
scabs over cuts / scabs form barrier
form a

Eyes produce tears ,

tears are
antiseptics ,
contain enzymes to kill bacteria✓
✓
-

(Breathing system) Trachea / nose / bronchi contain mucus which is

small hairs
sticky
and traps bacteria ✓ . Mucus is carried away by ig✓→ air
passages
lining

( Defends against
inside White blood cells / immune system ✓
pathogens
-

body) ✓
-
Antitoxins are produced and neutralise toxins produced by pathogen
✓
-
Antibodies
produced and help destroy pathogens ✓

Memory cells ✓ and

trigger rapid re-enters ✓
form
more
response if pathogen
-

11

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Turn over for the next question box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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0 3 This question is about photosynthesis. box

0 3 . 1 Complete the word equation for photosynthesis:

[2 marks]

dioxide + water + oxygen

carbon
glucose

A student investigated photosynthesis using pondweed.

Figure 3 shows the apparatus the student used.

Figure 3

---
This is the method used.

1. Set up the apparatus as shown in Figure 3.

2. Switch on the lamp.

3. After 20 minutes, record the volume of oxygen collected in the measuring cylinder.

4. Repeat steps 1–3 using bulbs of different power output.

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0 3 . 2 What was the independent variable in the investigation? box
→ the variable you change
[1 mark]
Tick ( ) one box.

Power output of bulb ✓

Rate of photosynthesis

Time to collect oxygen

Volume of oxygen collected

ma
0 3 . 3 Suggest two ways the method could be improved so the results would be more valid.

1 Do repeats and calculate the mean

[2 marks]

2 control the water temperature

cctkditfÉ
-

-
Control the mass / length/ species /age of the
pondweed
Question 3 continues on the next page
-

Give pondweed time to

equilibrates→ get used to the conditions

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Table 3 shows the student’s results. box

Table 3

Power output of bulb Volume of oxygen Rate of

in watts collected in photosynthesis in
20 minutes in cm3 cm3/hour
60 0.5 1.5
100 0.8 2.4
150 1.1 ✗ =
30.3
X
200 1.2 3.6
250 1.2 3.6

0 3 . 4 Calculate value X in Table 3.

[1 mark]

1. 1cm'= 20 mins of photosynthesis 60 :- 20--3

1. 1×3=3.3 3.37=60 mins

of photosynthesis
X= 3. 3 cm3/hour

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0 3 . 5 Complete Figure 4. box
[4 marks]

You should:

• label the x-axis

• use a suitable scale
• plot the data from Table 3 and your answer to Question 03.4
• draw a line of best fit.

1
.

Figure 4

" """"" "" "" °"

"
÷
x-axis

Dependent variable on
y-axis . - .
. - . . . .
I

AB -

-
£%¥°°°%&°÷"°°
qq.at#i:%A8Af3
MY
0 3 . 6 Determine the expected rate of photosynthesis with a bulb of power output 75 watts. -

Use Figure 4.
[1 mark]

(Ms allows 1.8119 )

Rate of photosynthesis at 75 watts = 1,9 cm3/hour

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0 3 . 7 Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis? box
[1 mark]
Tick ( ) one box.

As temperature
increases the rate

of photosynthesis
increases until the

temperature is so
high
✓ that it

to the
is

plant
damaging
y

12

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0 4 Water moves from a plant to the atmosphere through the leaves. box

0 4 . 1 How is the volume of water lost from the leaves controlled?

[1 mark]

( by the
guard cells)
opening
and
closing the stomata
-

↳ holes on

underside
of
r the
leaf

0 4 . 2 Describe the transport of water through a plant from the roots to the atmosphere.
[3 marks]

/
-
Water is transported in
xylem
Water evaporates from leaves
-

- -
-

thr0°Sh+he^°
-
- . -

guard "
/
mg between
accepts ""

-28g
Question 4 continues on the next page

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Do not write
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A student investigated the volume of water lost from two plants of different species. box

Both plants were kept together.

Figure 5 shows the student’s results.

Figure 5

tAG←

i÷÷÷*=
•
*

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0 4 . 3 Suggest one reason for the difference in the rate of water loss from the two plants in box

the first 2.5 hours. loss

holes through which water [1 mark]
f) can occur
-

Plant A has more stomata

-
Plant A has more leaves
↳ Increases surface area

→
-

Plant A has bigger leaves

Both plants were moved to a different place at 2.5 hours.

0 4 . 4 Calculate the rate of water loss per hour in plant B from 2.5 hours to 3 hours.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3 marks]
✓
Water loss = 5.2cm
's

✓
Rate
of change =

¥÷ =

§÷g=%h_
= 10.4
=3 Sif

✓
Rate of water loss = 10 cm3/hour
¥2s f -

BB
0 4 . 5 Suggest two reasons why the rate of water loss in both plants changed after
2.5 hours.
[2 marks]

1 it was warmer it was less humid

2
light intensity was
higher it was windier

10

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18
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0 5 Figure 6 shows the internal structure of the human heart. box

One of the heart valves is labelled.

Figure 6

Sometimes a valve in the heart can start to leak.

HAHA0 5
relevant

points
. 1 Explain why a person with a leaking heart valve has difficulty exercising.

✓ ✓
[4 marks]

less blood
-

Explain
-

Backflow can occur ,

meaning is
pumped
with Oz
around the
body
p ✓
with logical
order
-
Less É supplied to muscles , so less Hid respiration occurs

- Less Energy is released ,

so less
efficient muscle Contraction
ox¥debt
✓
-

Anaerobic respiration occurs

, causing and the
↳
body
✓
shortage of Oz in
buildup of lactic acid
tissues
✓

Buildup of lactic muscle

-
acid causes
fatigue

Less
efficient removal carbon dioxide
-

of

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Question 5 continues on the next page box

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

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A patient with a leaking heart valve may have the valve replaced. box

A study compared two different types of replacement heart valve:

• mechanical valves
• biological valves from pigs.

The data used in the study was collected from female patients aged 50–69.

Table 4 shows the data.

Table 4

Type of replacement heart valve

-
Mechanical Biological

Number of patients given the valve 2852 1754

Number of patients who died from

heart-related problems after valve 180 178
replacement

Percentage of patients alive after 5 years 91 89

Percentage of patients needing a second

2.2 5.2
valve replacement within 6 years
Percentage of patients who had a blood clot
5.8 0.1
on the brain after surgery

0 5 . 2 Give one conclusion about the death of patients from heart-related problems after a
valve replacement.

Include calculations to support your answer.

[3 marks]

% Patients who died mechanical

after
valve :

100=6-31136
zg÷ ✗
6% ✓
I

% Patients died
who
after biological valve :

1%8-4×100 =
10 ,
14823 I 10%
✓

Higher percentage of those with the biological valve died in

✓
to those with the mechanical valve
comparison

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0 5 . 3 One risk of mechanical valves is that blood clots can form on the surface of the valve. box

Name the component of the blood that starts the process of blood clotting.
[1 mark]

platelets (thrombocytes)

0 5 . 4 Evaluate the use of mechanical replacement heart valves and biological replacement
heart valves.

Use information from Table 4 and your own knowledge.

[6 marks]

Logically
IinkÉana_IÉt&--µ
mecnam.ca#-----B--
SAINI
points
-

support using
table 4 and - Less likely to need replacement within 6
years
✓
own
✓knowledge (2.2% ) < 5.2%
longer ; they last
Arrive Judgement Lower
percentage deaths
from heart problems
-

at
-

own
your ittowerer blood clots on brain more likely (5.8%70-11)
,

and
patient must take anti -

clotting drugs for life

✓

✓
-
This can cause excessive
bleeding
Biological -
-
Additional medication not required
-
However valve comes
from an animal , which
✓
may cause ethical concern
✓
-

Rejection is more likely

↳ Patient need immunosuppressants
may

✓
Judgement

eg . The
biological valve is better because
there is less clotting , which causes several

life -
thereat ning issues like heart attacks (etc) .

Blood thinners also not needed, so fatal bleed less likely

Fk
14

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0 6 People with diabetes have difficulty controlling their blood glucose concentration. box

0 6 . 1 Which part of the blood transports glucose?

[1 mark]
Tick ( ) one box.

f- Immune response
Lymphocytes

Plasma ✓

Platelets ←
clotting

Red blood cells ← Oz

Glucose is often found in the urine of people with diabetes.

0 6 . 2 Name a chemical used to test for glucose.

[1 mark]

Benedict 's solution

Mao
0 6 . 3 Describe a test that could be used to show that a person’s urine contains glucose.
[2 marks]

Test Add Benedict 's reagent to and heat / boil

sample

Positive result colour change blue to brick red

from

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Do not write
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0 6 . 4 The body cells of a person with untreated diabetes lose more water than the body \ box
cells of a person who does not have diabetes.

Explain how diabetes can cause the body cells to lose more water.
[3 marks]

The blood is mÉatd Than the solution within body

cells .

Water thus moves out of cells by osmosis - .

-

permeablemembrane-ir.ms
-
. . .

through a
partially

0 6 . 5 Glucose is absorbed into the blood in the small intestine by both diffusion and

it
active transport.

Describe how the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption.

projections room [5 marks] µ
Érea

⑥
Villi provide large surface diffusion
-

a
for
-
Walls
of
villi are thin
for a short diffusion distance
/
-

The small intestine is

very tong so there is more time
for
•
Good
supply of blood to maintain steep concentration gradient
g-
onondria.gr aerobic respiration , providing
ineffective
:p
transport

• 12

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Do not write
outside the
0 7 A small animal called an axolotl lives in water. The axolotl has a double circulatory box
system.

0 7 . 1 Define the term double circulatory system.

[1 mark]

Blood is pumped to the

lungs by one side of the heart

and to the body the

by other

Figure 7 shows the double circulatory system of the axolotl.

Figure 7

The following figure cannot be reproduced here due to third-party copyright

restrictions.

0 7 . 2 The heart of the axolotl has only one ventricle.

Label the ventricle on Figure 7.

[1 mark]

[No solution due to redacted image ]

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0 7 . 3 Explain why having only one ventricle makes the circulatory system less efficient than box
having two ventricles.
[2 marks]

Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mixes ,

so less
oxygen

reaches
body cells/ tissues .

Figure 8 shows an axolotl.

Figure 8

0 7 . 4 EBay -0A
Explain why an axolotl may die in water with a low concentration of oxygen.
[4 marks] .

* B Égq
•

µµ÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷÷ } ; ± ÷÷ • µjµz"•
:÷÷÷÷*
.
.

energy

MY
→e. a. * respiration .eu. . . ..
is released . . .

%
-

- . .
.
so less metabolism
.

acid is
produced , which is toxic

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If a gill of an axolotl is removed, a new gill will grow in its place. box

Scientists hope to use information on how axolotls grow new gills to help with
regenerating human tissue.

0 7 . 5 Name the type of cell that divides when a new gill grows.
[1 mark]

stem cells

0 7 . 6 Name one condition that could be treated using regenerated human tissue.
[1 mark]

diabetes
paralysis Parkinson's
-

heart disease
Cystic fibrosis
-

- cancer -
burns

0 7 . 7 Suggest one reason why an axolotl is a suitable animal for research in the laboratory.
[1 mark]

Easy to breed -

Cheap to keep (they're small ! )

Don't take much
up space
-

0 7 . 8 An axolotl may not be a suitable animal to study when researching regeneration in

human tissue.

Suggest one reason why.

[1 mark]

Not a mammal (/ is an
amphibian)
12
Regeneration in
gills be
different to that in other organs
-

may
too those humans
-

Metabolism/ body processes are

different to in

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0 8 Pancreatic cancer develops when a malignant tumour grows inside the pancreas. box

0 8 . 1 The pancreas produces digestive enzymes.

What is an enzyme? used up
without being
speeds up reactions [2 marks]
f)
chemical which catalyst reactions in living organisms

(Biological catalyst

MA
0 8 . 2 Carbohydrase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas.

Name two other organs in the digestive system that produce carbohydrase.
[2 marks]

1 salivary gland (in the mouth → active when

chewing
2 small intestine

0 8 . 3 One symptom of pancreatic cancer is weight loss.

=
Explain how pancreatic cancer may cause a person to lose weight.
Do not refer to hormones in your answer.
produces [4 marks]
enzymes

Reduced
enzyme production from pancreas /
-

Food is not
fully digested and less
glucose absorbed into the

bloodstream

Less glucose available To fat used up

for respiration more in
-

metabolism Cand / or) respiration

rsmake proteins ✓
-
Fewer aminoacids- absorbed in the blood
"

Fewer acids and

mgking protein for growth repair
amino
for
-

Fewer
fatty acids absorbed , so less
fat stored in the God }
[ chemotherapy causes nausea / loss of appetite]

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Enzyme A and enzyme B are involved in controlling cell division in box
pancreatic cancer cells.
Most cancer cells produce both enzyme A and enzyme B.
Some people have a gene mutation that stops cancer cells producing enzyme B.

Figure 9 shows how cell division is controlled in pancreatic cancer cells.

Figure 9

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Scientists have developed a drug that inhibits enzyme A. box

The drug is given to pancreatic cancer patients who have the gene mutation that
stops cancer cells producing enzyme B.
The drug only targets cancer cells.

0 8 . 4 Explain why the drug can be used to treat pancreatic cancer in patients with the
gene mutation.

Use information from Figure 9.

[3 marks]
-

Cancer cells cannot divide . . .

* Also less likely to

develop secondary tumors

tumor ,

does not
form / grow larger
-

.
. .
So the meaning spread is less

likely
-
-
Because both enzymes A and B are not

working

•ma
0 8 . 5 Explain why the drug could not be used to treat pancreatic cancer in a patient that
produces both enzyme A and enzyme B.
[2 marks]

Enzyme B would still be made ? therefore cells would still divide

/

uncontrollably

-2--3 Question 8 continues on the next page

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0 8 . 6 The drug was trialled before it was licensed for use. box

To improve validity of the results in the trial:

F-how accurately the experiment measures
what it
• some patients were given a placebo was intended to measure

• a double-blind trial was used.

Give reasons why a placebo and a double-blind trial were used.

[2 marks]

A placebo take into account

psychological effect
#
Dummj drug
'

↳ '
Placebo effect -

patients given placebo believe their

symptoms are
improving
because they think they have treatment
A-
double-blind trial to avoid bias

↳ Neither doctors nor patients know who has placebo and who has

real drug

0 8 . 7 One stage in a drug trial is to test the drug on healthy volunteers.

What is the next stage in the drug trial?

[1 mark]
Tick ( ) one box.

Testing on all patients with the disease

Testing on human tissue

Testing on live animals

Testing on volunteers with the disease

✓
-

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antibody
rÉtigal copies of
one
type of Do not write
outside the
0 8 . 8 A monoclonal antibody has been produced to treat pancreatic cancer. box

Explain how the monoclonal antibody works to treat pancreatic cancer.

[3 marks]
toxin/ drug / chemical
f) ↳ Whatever is
kill
being
tumour
used to

-
Monoclonal antibody is attached to radioactivesuGstance-

Monoclonal antibody will

only attach to cancerous cells / tumour

Radioactive substance will find to cancer cells and stop them from
-

dividing
↳ Monoclonal antibody interrupts
cell cycle
cells
↳ Action of monoclonal antibodies helps immune system destroy cancer
19

off
END OF QUESTIONS

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Copyright information

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available for free download from www.aqa.org.uk after the live examination series.

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