2.3.5 Practice - Atomic Structure (Practice)

2.3.
5 Practice: Atomic Structure Practice

Chemistry Sem 1 Name:
Date:
Question 1: Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy (2 points)
a. Law of conservation of matter
i. What does the law say about matter?
That matter can be neither create or destroyed.
ii. What about matter can change and what does not change, according to the
law?
Matter can change volume and shape. The amount (number of atoms) of matter does not change.
b. Law of conservation of energy
i. What does the law say about energy?
That energy cannot be created or destroyed, just change forms.
ii. What about energy can change and what does not change, according to the
law?
The forms of energy can change. but not the amount of energy being used.
2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 1/11

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Question 2: Phases of Matter (2 points)
a. What are the four states, or phases, of matter? Describe the shape and volume
properties of each phase. Can they change, or are they fixed?
solid
i. _______________________
Shape: fixed
Volume: fixed
liquid
ii. _______________________
Shape: lacks fixed shape
fixed
Volume:
Gas
iii. _______________________
No definite shape
Shape:
Volume: no definite shape
iv. _______________________
plasma
Shape: not fixed

Volume: not fixed
b. When heat energy is absorbed by matter, the matter's temperature increases.

When heat energy is released by matter, the matter's temperature decreases. The
matter can also change from one phase to another when heat energy is absorbed
or released. Identify whether matter absorbs heat or releases heat as each of the
following phase changes occur.
i. From solid to liquid (melting)
Goes from fixed to lacking shape
ii. From liquid to solid (freezing or hardening)

Shape: Goes from lacking shape to fixed
Volume: Stays the same

iii. From liquid to gas (evaporation)
Shape: Goes from lacking shape to indefinite
Volume: Goes from fixed to indefinite

iv. From gas to liquid (condensation)
Shape: From indefinite to lacking shape
Volume: From indefinite to Fixed

Question 3: Types of Energy (4 points)
a. List four kinds of energy. Give a brief definition of each.
i. ______________________________________________________________
Kinetic Energy
ii. Gravitational Potential Energy

ii. ______________________________________________________________
iii. Chemical Potential Energy

iii. ______________________________________________________________

heat energy
iv. ______________________________________________________________
b. Energy can change from one form to another. Describe the energy conversions
in the following scenes.
i. A kid falling out of a tree
Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy
ii. A scout rubbing sticks together to start a fire
Kinetic Energy to Heat Energy
iii. A man running a kerosene heater
Chemical Potential Energy to Heat Energy
c. What is the equation for calculating gravitational potential energy on the Earth?
GPE = mgh
d. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?
ke 1/2 mv 2
Question 4: Progression of the Atomic Theory (2 points)
a. Match the following scientist with his experiment or contribution.

J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan
___________________
Robert Millikan Oil-drop experiment
John Dalton
___________________ Atomic theory
J. J. Thomson
___________________ Cathode ray experiment
Niels Bohr
___________________ Model of the atom
Ernest Rutherford Gold-foil experiment

___________________
Albert Einstein
___________________ Photoelectric effect
b. Match the following scientist with his understanding of the atom.
J. J. Thomson
Albert Einstein
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
John Dalton
Robert Millikan
Ernest Rutherford
___________________ Matter made of indivisible atoms

___________________
J. J. Thomson Atoms contain negatively charged particles
Robert Millikan
___________________ Measured the charge of an electron
Niels Bohr
___________________ Atoms contain mostly empty space
Ernest Rutherford
___________________ Atoms contain nuclei with electrons orbiting
Albert Einstein
___________________ Light exists as photon packets; one photon can remove one
electron from an atom
Question 5: The Periodic Table (10 points)
a. Who made the first periodic table?

Dmitri Mendeleev
b. On the periodic table, what three pieces of information are given about every
element?
Atomic Number
i. ___________________________
•. Where is it written?
Above the chemical symbol.
•. What information does it give?

Number of atoms in the nuclei.

Average atomic mass
ii. ___________________________
Below the chemical symbol.
Atomic Mass of the elements isotopes.

iii. ___________________________
same as the Atomic Mass.

Total number of Protons and Neutrons in an atom.
c. What are isotopes?
An atoms of an element having a specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.

d. What are ions?
A charge species that results in the gain or loss of electrons from a neutral atom or molecule.
e. What are valence electrons, and why are they important?
An electron on the outer layer of an atom. They are used for bonding
f. What is significant about the elements within the same group of the periodic
table?
They all have the same amount of valence electrons
g. What is significant about the elements within the same period of the periodic
table?
They all have similar properties
h. Match the following families with their properties. There are two properties for
each family.
A. Alkali metals

B. Alkaline earth metals
C. Halogens
D. Noble gases
B
______ Very reactive nonmetals
______
D 8 valence electrons
A
______ 1 valence electron
c
______ Reactive metals
B
______ 2 valence electrons
C
______ 7 valence electrons
______
D Very little reactivity
A
______ Very reactive metals
i. What three families are found in the center portion of the periodic table?
1. _________________________
Metals
Metalloids
2. _________________________
nonmetals
3. _________________________
Question 6: Using the Periodic Table (5 points)
a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What element

is it? What is its symbol? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it
have?
Fluorine, F, 9 protons and electrons, 10 neutrons.
b. Hydrogen has one proton in its nucleus but exists as three isotopes. One
isotope has no neutrons, one has one neutron, and one has two neutrons. How
would they be identified using isotope notation?
One isotope has no neutrons, H-1 "Hydrogen-1"

one has one neutron, H-2 "Hydrogen-2"
and one has two neutrons.H-3 "Hydrogen-3
c. Sodium chloride, table salt, forms ions when dissolved. Sodium (Na) loses one
electron. Chloride (Cl) gains one electron. What are the charges on the two ions?
The two ions have a positive charge.
d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar to

magnesium (Mg)? Why?
No because the are not in the same group.
e. Does beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have the same inside electron arrangement
as magnesium (Mg)? Why?
No, they need to be in the same group.
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2.3.

5 Practice: Atomic Structure Practice

Question 1: Laws of Conservation of Matter and Energy (2 points)

a. Law of conservation of matter

i. What does the law say about matter?

That matter can be neither create or destroyed.

b. Law of conservation of energy

i. What does the law say about energy?

That energy cannot be created or destroyed, just change forms.

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 1/11

Shape: lacks fixed shape

Volume: no definite shape

Shape: not fixed

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 2/11

b. When heat energy is absorbed by matter, the matter's temperature increases.

i. From solid to liquid (melting)

Goes from fixed to lacking shape

ii. From liquid to solid (freezing or hardening)

Volume: Stays the same

Volume: Goes from fixed to indefinite

Volume: From indefinite to Fixed

a. List four kinds of energy. Give a brief definition of each.

ii. Gravitational Potential Energy

iii. Chemical Potential Energy

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 3/11

i. A kid falling out of a tree

Gravitational Potential Energy to Kinetic Energy

ii. A scout rubbing sticks together to start a fire

Kinetic Energy to Heat Energy

iii. A man running a kerosene heater

Chemical Potential Energy to Heat Energy

d. What is the equation for calculating kinetic energy?

Question 4: Progression of the Atomic Theory (2 points)

a. Match the following scientist with his experiment or contribution.

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 4/11

Ernest Rutherford Gold-foil experiment

b. Match the following scientist with his understanding of the atom.

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 5/11

Question 5: The Periodic Table (10 points)

a. Who made the first periodic table?

•. What information does it give?

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 6/11

Below the chemical symbol.

•. What information does it give?

Atomic Mass of the elements isotopes.

•. What information does it give?

c. What are isotopes?

An atoms of an element having a specific number of neutrons in the nucleus.

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 7/11

e. What are valence electrons, and why are they important?

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 8/11

Question 6: Using the Periodic Table (5 points)

a. An atom has a mass number of 19 and an atomic number of 9. What element

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 9/11

Fluorine, F, 9 protons and electrons, 10 neutrons.

One isotope has no neutrons, H-1 "Hydrogen-1"

d. Would beryllium (Be) or sodium (Na) have properties more similar to

No, they need to be in the same group.

2.3.5 Practice: Atomic Structure 10/11