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    Risperidone

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    Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Common side effects include insomnia, anxiety, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Risperidone should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or renal or hepatic impairment due to risk of hypotension. It is available as tablets, oral solution, and orally disintegrating tablets with dosing starting at 1 mg twice daily and increased gradually based on response and tolerability.

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    Risperidone

    Uploaded by

    api-3797941
    2K views3 pages
    Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Common side effects include insomnia, anxiety, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Risperidone should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or renal or hepatic impairment due to risk of hypotension. It is available as tablets, oral solution, and orally disintegrating tablets with dosing starting at 1 mg twice daily and increased gradually based on response and tolerability.

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    Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Common side effects include insomnia, anxiety, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Risperidone should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or renal or hepatic impairment due to risk of hypotension. It is available as tablets, oral solution, and orally disintegrating tablets with dosing starting at 1 mg twice daily and increased gradually based on response and tolerability.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    2K views3 pages

    Risperidone

    Uploaded by

    api-3797941
    Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain. Common side effects include insomnia, anxiety, headache, dizziness, and nausea. Risperidone should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or renal or hepatic impairment due to risk of hypotension. It is available as tablets, oral solution, and orally disintegrating tablets with dosing starting at 1 mg twice daily and increased gradually based on response and tolerability.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 3

    risperidone

    (ris peer' i dohn)


    Risperdal, Risperdal M-TAB

    Pregnancy Category C

    Drug classes
    Antipsychotic
    Benzisoxazole

    Therapeutic actions
    Mechanism of action not fully understood: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors in
    the brain, depresses the RAS; anticholinergic, antihistaminic, and alpha-adrenergic
    blocking activity may contribute to some of its therapeutic and adverse actions.

    Indications
    • Treatment of schizophrenia
    • Delaying relapse in long-term treatment of schizophrenia
    • Unlabeled uses: Bipolar disorder; treatment of patients with dementia-related
    psychotic symptoms

    Contraindications and cautions


    • Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to risperidone, lactation.
    • Use cautiously with cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, renal or hepatic
    impairment, hypotension.

    Available forms
    Tablets—0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg; oral solution—1 mg/mL; orally disintegrating tablets—
    0.5, 1, 2 mg

    Dosages
    ADULTS
    • Initial treatment: 1 mg PO bid; then gradually increase with daily dosage
    increments of 1 mg bid on the second and third days to a target dose of 3 mg PO
    bid by the third day. Range, 4–8 mg/day.
    • Reinitiation of treatment: Follow initial dosage guidelines, using extreme care due
    to increased risk of severe adverse effects with reexposure.
    • Switching from other antipsychotics: Minimize the overlap period and discontinue
    other antipsychotic before beginning risperidone therapy.
    • Delaying relapse time in long-term treatment: 3 mg PO bid.
    PEDIATRIC PATIENTS
    Safety and efficacy not established.
    GERIATRIC PATIENTS OR PATIENTS WITH RENAL OR HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT
    Initial dose of 0.5 mg PO bid; monitor patient for adverse effects and response.

    Pharmacokinetics
    Route Onset Peak Duration
    Oral Varies 3–17 hr Weeks

    Metabolism: Hepatic; T1/2: 20 hr


    Distribution: Crosses placenta; enters breast milk
    Excretion: Urine and feces

    Adverse effects
    • CNS: Insomnia, anxiety, agitation, headache, somnolence, aggression, dizziness,
    tardive dyskinesias
    • CV: Orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias
    • Dermatologic: Rash, dry skin, seborrhea, photosensitivity
    • GI: Nausea, vomiting, constipation, abdominal discomfort, dry mouth, increased
    saliva
    • Respiratory: Rhinitis, coughing, sinusitis, pharyngitis, dyspnea
    • Other: Chest pain, arthralgia, back pain, fever, neuroleptic malignant
    syndrome, diabetes mellitus

    Interactions
    Drug-drug
    • Increased therapeutic and toxic effects with clozapine
    • Decreased therapeutic effect with carbamazepine
    • Decreased effectiveness of levodopa

    Nursing considerations
    Assessment
    • History: Allergy to risperidone, lactation, CV disease, pregnancy, renal or hepatic
    impairment, hypotension
    • Physical: T, weight; reflexes, orientation; P, BP, orthostatic BP; R, adventitious
    sounds; bowel sounds, normal output, liver evaluation; CBC, urinalysis, liver and
    kidney function tests

    Interventions
    • Maintain seizure precautions, especially when initiating therapy and increasing
    dosage.
    • Mix oral solution with 3–4 oz of water, coffee, orange juice, or low-fat milk. Do
    not mix with cola or tea.
    • Open blister units of orally disintegrating tablets individually; do not push tablet
    through the foil. Use dry hands to remove tablet—immediately place on tongue.
    Do not allow patient to chew tablet.
    • Monitor patient regularly for signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.
    • Monitor T. If fever occurs, rule out underlying infection, and consult physician for
    appropriate comfort measures.
    • Advise patient to use contraception during drug therapy.
    • Follow guidelines for discontinuation or reinstitution of the drug carefully.
    Teaching points
    • Dosage will be increased gradually to achieve most effective dose. Do not take
    more than your prescribed dosage. Do not make up missed doses; contact your
    health care provider if this occurs. Do not stop taking this drug suddenly; gradual
    reduction of dosage is needed to prevent side effects.
    • Mix oral solution in 3–4 oz of water, coffee, orange juice, or low-fat milk. Do not
    mix with cola or tea.
    • This drug cannot be taken during pregnancy. If you think you are pregnant or
    wish to become pregnant, contact your health care provider.
    • These side effects may occur: Drowsiness, dizziness, sedation, seizures (avoid
    driving, operating machinery, or performing tasks that require concentration);
    dizziness, faintness on arising (change positions slowly; use caution); increased
    salivation (reversible); constipation; sensitivity to the sun (use a sunscreen or
    protective clothing).
    • Report lethargy, weakness, fever, sore throat, malaise, mouth ulcers, palpitations.

    Adverse effects in Italic are most common; those in Bold are life-threatening.

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